Objective To establish a stable,reliable,and clinically relevant porcine model of endotoxin-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Methods Ten 8-month-old male Bama minipigs were deeply sedated,followed by invasive mechanical ventilation and electrocardiographic monitoring.Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)was intravenously pumped at 600 μg/(kg·h)for 3 hours,then maintained at 15 μg/(kg·h)thereafter.Dynamic monitoring was performed at five time points after LPS injection(LPS 0,1,3,5,and 8 h),including arterial blood gas analysis and chest computed tomography(CT)scans.Pathological examination of lung tissues obtained via bronchoscopic biopsy(HE staining and transmission electron microscopy)was conducted.These indicators were comprehensively used to evaluate the success of the animal model.Results At 5 hours after LPS administration,8 minipigs developed symptoms such as skin cyanosis,elevated body temperature,and respiratory distress.The oxygenation index decreased to<300 mmHg.Chest CT scans showed diffuse pulmonary infiltrates.Histopathology revealed alveolar edema and hyaline membrane formation.Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated disruption of pulmonary blood-air barrier,depletion of lamellar bodies in type Ⅱ pneumocytes,inflammatory cell infiltration,and exudation of plasma proteins and fibrin.Compared with LPS 0 h,at LPS 8 h,the oxygenation index and arterial blood pH were significantly decreased(P<0.001),while blood lactic acid and serum potassium were significantly increased(P<0.05);serum calcium and base excess were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the lung injury score based on HE-stained lung sections was significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion The porcine ARDS model established by continuous LPS injection can dynamically simulate the pathophysiological characteristics and typical pathological manifestations of clinical septic ARDS,making it an effective tool to study the pathogenesis,prevention,and treatment strategies of septic ARDS.

Objective:To analyze the effect of recombinant human thrombopoietin(rhTPO)on platelet(PLT)reconstitution after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation(APBSCT)in patients with multiple myeloma(MM).Methods:The clinical data of 147 MM patients who were diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and received APBSCT as the first-line therapy were retrospectively analyzed.According to whether rhTPO was used during APBSCT,the patients were divided into rhTPO group(80 cases)and control group(67 cases).The time of PLT engraftment,blood product infusion requirements,the proportion of patients with PLT recovery to ≥ 50 × 109/L and ≥ 100 × 109/L at+14 days and+100 days after transplantation,and adverse reactions including the incidence of bleeding were compared between the two groups.Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups in sex,age,M protein type,PLT count at the initial diagnosis,median duration of induction therapy before APBSCT,and number of CD34+cells reinfused(all P＞0.05).The median time of PLT engraftment in the rhTPO group was 10(6-14)days,which was shorter than 11(8-23)days in the control group(P＜0.001).The median PLT transfusion requirement in the rhTPO group during APBSCT was 15(0-50)U,which was less than 20(0-80)U in the control group(P=0.001).At+14 days after transplantation,the proportions of patients with PLT 2 50 × 109/L in the rhTPO group and the control group were 66.3％and 52.2％,while the proportions of patients with PLT ≥ 100 × 109/L were 23.8％and 11.9％,respectively,with no significant differences(all P＞0.05).At+100 days after transplantation,the proportion of patients with PLT ≥ 50 × 109/L in rhTPO group and control group was 96.3％and 89.6％,respectively(P＞0.05),but the proportion of patients with PLT ≥ 100 × 109/L in rhTPO group was higher than that in control group(75.0％vs 55.2％,P=0.012).There was no difference in the overall incidence of bleeding events in different locations during period of low PLT level of patients between the two groups.In rhTPO group,the rhTPO administration was well tolerated,and the incidences of abnormal liver and kidney function and infection were similar to those in the control group.Conclusion:When MM patients undergo first-line APBSCT,subcutaneous injection of rhTPO can shorten the time of platelet engraftment,reduce the transfusion volume of blood products,and be well tolerated,moreover,more patients have achieve a high level of PLT recovery after transplantation,which is very important for ensuring the safety of APBSCT and maintenance therapy.

Objective: To identify the risk factors in mortality of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods: Second analysis of the data collected in the "efficacy of pulmonary surfactant (PS) in the treatment of children with moderate to severe PARDS" program. Retrospective case summary of the risk factors of mortality of children with moderate to severe PARDS who admitted in 14 participating tertiary PICU between December 2016 to December 2021. Differences in general condition, underlying diseases, oxygenation index, and mechanical ventilation were compared after the group was divided by survival at PICU discharge. When comparing between groups, the Mann-Whitney U test was used for measurement data, and the chi-square test was used for counting data. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the accuracy of oxygen index (OI) in predicting mortality. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for mortality. Results: Among 101 children with moderate to severe PARDS, 63 (62.4%) were males, 38 (37.6%) were females, aged (12±8) months. There were 23 cases in the non-survival group and 78 cases in the survival group. The combined rates of underlying diseases (52.2% (12/23) vs. 29.5% (23/78), χ²=4.04, P=0.045) and immune deficiency (30.4% (7/23) vs. 11.5% (9/78), χ²=4.76, P=0.029) in non-survival patients were significantly higher than those in survival patients, while the use of pulmonary surfactant (PS) was significantly lower (8.7% (2/23) vs. 41.0% (32/78), χ²=8.31, P=0.004). No significant differences existed in age, sex, pediatric critical illness score, etiology of PARDS, mechanical ventilation mode and fluid balance within 72 h (all P>0.05). OI on the first day (11.9(8.3, 17.1) vs.15.5(11.7, 23.0)), the second day (10.1(7.6, 16.6) vs.14.8(9.3, 26.2)) and the third day (9.2(6.6, 16.6) vs. 16.7(11.2, 31.4)) after PARDS identified were all higher in non-survival group compared to survival group (Z=-2.70, -2.52, -3.79 respectively, all P<0.05), and the improvement of OI in non-survival group was worse (0.03(-0.32, 0.31) vs. 0.32(-0.02, 0.56), Z=-2.49, P=0.013). ROC curve analysis showed that the OI on the thind day was more appropriate in predicting in-hospital mortality (area under the curve= 0.76, standard error 0.05,95%CI 0.65-0.87,P<0.001). When OI was set at 11.1, the sensitivity was 78.3% (95%CI 58.1%-90.3%), and the specificity was 60.3% (95%CI 49.2%-70.4%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, sex, pediatric critical illness score and fluid load within 72 h, no use of PS (OR=11.26, 95%CI 2.19-57.95, P=0.004), OI value on the third day (OR=7.93, 95%CI 1.51-41.69, P=0.014), and companied with immunodeficiency (OR=4.72, 95%CI 1.17-19.02, P=0.029) were independent risk factors for mortality in children with PARDS. Conclusions: The mortality of patients with moderate to severe PARDS is high, and immunodeficiency, no use of PS and OI on the third day after PARDS identified are the independent risk factors related to mortality. The OI on the third day after PARDS identified could be used to predict mortality.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Child ; Critical Illness ; Pulmonary Surfactants/therapeutic use* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy*

Humans ; Multiple Myeloma/genetics* ; Neoplasm, Residual/diagnosis* ; Flow Cytometry ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment response, and prognosis of newly diagnosed symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM) patients with systemic light chain amyloidosis (AL) . Methods: The clinical data of 160 patients with newly diagnosed MM treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 1, 2017 to October 31, 2018, were retrospectively analyzed. According to the histopathological biopsy results of bone marrow, skin, and other tissues, the patients were divided into two groups according to whether amyloidosis was combined or not, namely, the MM+AL group and the MM group. The clinical characteristics and treatment responses of the two groups were compared. Results: Among the 160 patients with newly diagnosed MM, there were 42 cases in the MM+AL group and 118 cases in the MM group. In terms of clinical features, the involved light chain and non-involved light chain (dFLC) in the MM+AL group was significantly higher than that in the MM group (P=0.039) . After induction treatment, the MM+AL group had a higher overall response rate (85.7%vs 79.7%, P<0.05) and higher excellent partial response (76.2%vs 55.1%, P<0.05) . After a median follow-up of 26 (0.25-41) months, there was no significant difference in the progression free survival and overall survival (OS) between the two groups (P>0.05) . The OS of patients in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation group was better than that in non transplantation group (P<0.05) .The prognosis of patients with cardiac involvement in the MM+AL group was significantly worse than that in the MM group and MM+AL group without cardiac involvement (P<0.001) , with a median OS of only 13 months. Conclusion: The differential diagnosis between the MM+AL and MM groups requires histopathology, particularly for patients with significantly increased dFLC. The overall remission rate of patients in MM+AL group after 4 courses of induction chemotherapy was higher than that in MM group. The prognosis of patients with cardiac involvement in MM+AL group was poor.
Amyloidosis/diagnosis* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains ; Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis/therapy* ; Multiple Myeloma/therapy* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

Fibrous hamartoma of infancy (FHI) in the scrotum of children is a rare benign soft tissue tumor, which mostly occurs in children under 2 years old. It grows rapidly in the early stage and is easily misdiagnosed as a malignant tumor adjacent to the testis. A case of FHI in the scrotum was admitted in our hospital in recent years, a tumor resection with preservation of testicle was performed, the lesion was completely removed. Postoperative follow-up was 20 months, and there was no evidence revealing recurrence of the tumor after excision.

Objective:To compare the advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic robot-assisted transmesenteric approach and retrocolic approach disconnected pyeloplasty in the treatment of children with hydronephrosis.Methods:From October 2020 to March 2021, 19 children with hydronephrosis were divided into two groups: intra-renal type and extra-renal type. Among them, 15 were males and 4 were females. The average age of the patients was 3.5 years old (0.2 years old to 16.8 years old), and the average weight was 18.4 kg (5.5 kg to 67.0 kg). The average ERPF of affected kidney before surgery was 35.4%(23.0%-49.8%). All of them were treated with laparoscopic robot-assisted transmesenteric approach and retrocolic approach disconnected pyeloplasty. The operation was performed in accordance with the standard surgical procedures of the guidelines. After the insertion of the trocar, the children in the transmesenteric group were exposed to the renal pelvis by incising the colonic mesangium into the retroperitoneal space, while in the retrocolic group, the peritoneum was cut into the retroperitoneal space to expose the renal pelvis. After that, the steps of incision, cutting, tube placement, and suture of the renal pelvis and ureter were the same in the two groups. Among the 10 cases of the extrarenal type, 6 cases were in the transmesenteric group and 4 cases were in the retrocolic group; among the 9 cases of the intrarenal type, 5 cases were in the transmesenteric group and 4 were in the retrocolic group. There was no statistically significant difference in age, weight, and renal function of the affected side before operation in different surgical approach groups ( P>0.05). The operation time, intraoperative anastomosis time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative hospital stay were recorded and compared. There was no statistical difference in the age, weight, and renal function of the affected side before the operation. Results:19 cases were followed up for 6 months, no complications such as fever or wound infection occurred. The operation was successfully completed in all patients, no patients were transferred to open surgery, and the hydronephrosis was significantly reduced. Symptoms disappeared in both groups. Of the 19 children. In children with extrarenal type, the operation time of the transmesenteric group and the retrocolic group were (108.8±15.5) min and (132.8±7.6) min, and the intraoperative anastomosis time was (40.7±6.1) min and (51.5±5.5)min, the estimated intraoperative blood loss was (9.5±2.1) ml and (9.3±0.8) ml, respectively, and the postoperative hospital stay was (9.0±1.6) d and (9.3±2.9) d. The operation time and the difference of intraoperative anastomosis time was statistically significant ( P<0.05). In children with intrarenal type, the operation time of the transmesenteric group and the retrocolic group were (136.6±7.9) min and (116.5±13.5) min, and the intraoperative anastomosis time was (52.8±6.9) min and (40.8±6.2), min, the estimated blood loss during the operation was (11.4±2.3) ml and (10.5±0.9) ml, and the postoperative hospital stay was (8.8±1.7) d and (8.0±1.6) d. The operation time and The difference of intraoperative anastomosis time was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The 19 cases were followed up for 6 months, and there was no complications such as fever or wound infection. The volume of hydronephrosis was significantly reduced compared with that before operation, and the renal blood perfusion increased compared with that before operation. The difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:In terms of shortening the operation time and suture time, for laparoscopic robot-assisted transmesenteric approach and retrocolic approach disconnected pyeloplasty in the treatment of children with hydronephrosis, the transtransmesenteric approach is more advantageous in the treatment of extrarenal hydronephrosis, while the retrocolic approach is more advantageous in the treatment of intrarenal hydronephrosis.

Eight sesquiterpenes were isolated and purified from the ethanol extract of Chloranthus henryi by column chromatographies over silica gel, ODS and Sephadex LH-20,and preparative HPLC. Their chemical structures were established by spectral data and physiochemical properties as(1S,6S,8S,10R)-8-ethoxy-10-methoxychlomultin C(1),tianmushanol(2),multistalide A(3),myrrhterpenoid N(4),1α,9α-dihydroxy-8,12-expoxy-eudesma-4,7,11-trien-6-one(5),4β,10α-aromadendranediol(6),oplopanone(7),10α-hydroxycadinan-4-en-3-one(8). Among them, compound(1) was a new compound, and compounds 2-8 were isolated from Chloranthus henryi for the first time.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Molecular Structure ; Sesquiterpenes

With repeated silica gel, octadecyl silica(ODS), and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, normal-phase and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), etc., a pair of new enantiomers and 5 known compounds were separated from the 95% ethanol extract of Chloranthus multistachys. These compounds were identified by the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(including 1 D-NMR and 2 D-NMR), single-crystal X-ray diffraction, circular dichroism(CD) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry(MS), and some other methods as(1R,4R,5R,8S,10R)-chloraeudolide H(1 a),(1S,4S,5S,8R,10S)-chloraeudolide H(1 b), hydroxyisogermafurenolide(2), 4α-hydroxy-5α,8β(H)-eudesm-7(11)-en-8,12-olide(3), chloraniolide A(4), chlorantene D(5), 4α,8β-dihydroxy-5α(H)-eudesm-7(11)-en-8,12-olide(6). Compounds 1 a and 1 b are a pair of new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene enantiomers, and compounds 2-4 were isolated from C. multistachys for the first time.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Sesquiterpenes ; Stereoisomerism

The genus Chloranthus has 13 species and 5 varieties in China, which can be found in the southwest and northeast regions. Phytochemical studies on Chloranthus plants have reported a large amount of terpenoids, such as diterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoid dimers. Their anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, antifungal, antivirus, and neuroprotection activities have been confirmed by previous pharmacological research. Herein, research on the chemical constituents from Chloranthus plants and their biological activities over the five years was summarized to provide scientific basis for the further development and utilization of Chloranthus plants.
Diterpenes ; Phytochemicals/pharmacology* ; Plants ; Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology* ; Terpenes