Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common condition of chronic rheumatic disease in children. JIA is an autoimmune or autoinflammatory disease, with unclear mechanism and limited treatment efficacy. Recent studies have found a number of alterations in gut microbiota and its metabolites in children with JIA, which are related to the development and progression of JIA. This review focuses on the influence of the gut microbiota and its metabolites on immune function and the intestinal mucosal barrier and discuss the key role of the gut-joint axis in the pathogenesis of JIA and emerging treatment methods based on gut microbiota and its metabolites. This review could help elucidate the pathogenesis of JIA and identify the potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of JIA.
Humans ; Arthritis, Juvenile/physiopathology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology* ; Child ; Intestinal Mucosa

With the growing emphasis on maternal and child oral health, the significance of managing oral health across preconception, pregnancy, and infancy stages has become increasingly apparent. Oral health challenges extend beyond affecting maternal well-being, exerting profound influences on fetal and neonatal oral development as well as immune system maturation. This expert consensus paper, developed using a modified Delphi method, reviews current research and provides recommendations on maternal and child oral health management. It underscores the critical role of comprehensive oral assessments prior to conception, diligent oral health management throughout pregnancy, and meticulous oral hygiene practices during infancy. Effective strategies should be seamlessly integrated across the life course, encompassing preconception oral assessments, systematic dental care during pregnancy, and routine infant oral hygiene. Collaborative efforts among pediatric dentists, maternal and child health workers, and obstetricians are crucial to improving outcomes and fostering clinical research, contributing to evidence-based health management strategies.
Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Infant ; Consensus ; Mouth Diseases/therapy* ; Pregnancy Complications/therapy* ; Oral Health ; Infant, Newborn ; Delphi Technique ; Oral Hygiene

With the rapid development of competitive sports, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is on the rise. Such injuries may shorten athletes′ career and lead to other long-term adverse consequences. Although athletes generally recover well after ACL reconstruction, many still struggle to return to their pre-injury performance levels. Advances in the understanding of ACL anatomy and injury mechanisms, along with the evolution of surgical techniques and rehabilitation methods, have provided more individualized and tailored options for athletes following ACL injuries. However, there is currently no consensus in China regarding surgical and rehabilitation strategies for competitive athletes aiming to return to sports after ACL injuries. To this end, the Sports Medicine Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Trauma jointly formulated the Expert consensus on surgical treatment and rehabilitation for competitive sports athletes returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament injury ( version 2025), and presented 14 recommendations covering surgical indications, preoperative rehabilitation, surgical timing, surgical strategies and postoperative rehabilitation strategies, aiming to improve the surgical treatment and rehabilitation system for ACL injuries in competitive athletes and facilitate their return to high-level sports performance after injury.

AIM To establish a rapid quantitative analysis model for saponins in Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis(PPY)by near infrared spectroscopy.METHODS The contents of polyphyllins Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅶ and there total content in PPY were determined by HPLC,while spectral data within the range of 10 000 to 4 000 cm-1 were collected.A quantitative analysis model was established by combining these data with partial least squares regression(PLSR).Multivariate scatter correction(MSC)and vector normalization(SNV)were applied prior to further preprocessing the spectra with original,first-order derivative(1stD),or second-order derivative(2ndD)treatments.Lastly,the model was optimized through non-smoothing(NS),Norris Derivative filtering(Nd),and Savitzky-Golay filtering(S-G)method.Model stability was evaluated based on correlation coefficients and variance.The predicted contents of each saponin component in the validation set samples were calculated.RESULTS The contents of polyphyllins Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅶ were 0.42-17.98,0.46-10.44,0.23-3.86 mg/g,respectively.The total content ranged from 2.91 to 22.1 mg/g.The optimal parameters of three saponins were achieved when selecting the MSC+2ndD+S-G pretreatment method.The corresponding ratio of line segment length to segment gap was 13∶5,15∶5,11∶5,with correlation coefficients of 0.982,0.930,0.958,respectively.The root mean square errors of calibration(RMSEC)were 0.702,0.797,0.238,and the root mean square errors of prediction(RMSEP)were 1.120,0.835,0.304,respectively.The optimal parameters for the total content were obtained when selecting the MSC+2ndD+NS pretreatment method,with a correlation coefficient of 0.970,a RMSEC of 1.090,and a RMSEP of 1.740.CONCLUSION This accurate and rapid method can be used for detection of saponin contents in P.Polyphylla.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and potential mechanism of sulfasalazine (SASP) therapy for intrahepatic cholestasis.Methods:Forty SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group (carboxymethylcellulose sodium 0.5%), a model group (carboxymethylcellulose sodium 0.5%), a SASP group (sulfasalazine 150 mg/kg), and an ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA 100 mg/kg) group, with ten rats in each group. The cholestatic liver injury model was induced using α-naphthylisothiocyanate. Blood samples were collected to detect liver biochemistry and cholestasis indexes. Rat liver tissue was collected for hematoxylin-eosin staining and Mason staining. Liver tissue was analyzed using transcriptome sequencing, real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and flow cytometry. Simultaneously, the level of inflammatory factors, total cholesterol, and total bile acids were measured in liver tissue. A t-test or a nonparametric test was selected based on the distribution and variance characteristics of the data. Results:The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase [(386.88±155.77) U/L], aspartate aminotransferase [(593.13±251.44) U/L], alkaline phosphatase [(561.25±167.54) U/L], total bilirubin [(38.00±29.75) mol/L] and total bile acids [(191.31±91.48) mol/L] were significantly lower in the SASP than the model groups [(778.75±313.59) U/L, (1 159.38±274.62) U/L, (801.25±161.28) U/L, (86.63±27.83) mol/L, (432.63±151.54) mol/L, P<0.05]. Liver histopathology showed that the inflammatory cells in the manifold area, the bile duct proliferation and dilation, and the collagen deposition in the manifold area were significantly improved under the pathological state of cholestasis in the SASP group. The results of transcriptome sequencing demonstrated that SASP activated the peroxisome proliferator actived receptor α (PPAR α) and inhibited Th17 cell differentiation. The PPARα mRNA level in the liver tissue of rats was significantly increased in the SASP group compared with that in the model group [(0.41±0.28) vs. (0.16±0.04), P<0.05], and the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase was decreased compared with that in the model group [(3.09±1.16) vs. (8.19±2.19), P<0.05], which was also verified at the protein level. The concentrations of total cholesterol [(0.31±0.34) mmol/g] and total bile acids [(2.58±0.99) μmol/g] were lower than the model group [(0.83±0.62) mmol/g and (4.07±0.91) μmol/g] ( P<0.05), and at the same time it was accompanied by lower levels of inflammatory factors ( P<0.05). SASP treatment decreased the expression of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt gene ( P<0.05) and the proportion of Th17 ( P<0.05). Conclusion:SASP can improve cholestatic liver injury, and its mechanism is related to the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and the inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation.

Objective This study investigated feasible cases and their significance in promoting the"generalized"development of inspection through digital-intelligent equipment.Methods A qualitative research approach was used,involving interviews conducted between February 2025 and March 2025 with experts in traditional Chinese medicine diagnostics,clinical research methodology,medical engineering integration,and related disciplines,using both online and offline methods.In accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research,feasible cases involving the specific application of digital equipment in various parts of observation were collected through item enrichment.The significance of extending observation capabilities via these cases was analyzed,along with the overall implications of integrating digital technologies with traditional inspection method.Results Interviews were completed with 11 experts from domestic universities and research institutes in the fields of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis,medical engineering integration,and related disciplines.A total of 78 feasible cases of digital-intelligent inspection were identified,along with 69 insights regarding the significance of enhancing the inspection capabilities.These insights were synthesized into two dimensions and 23 holistic meanings.The first dimension is to expand the scope of inspection,including obtaining internal environmental characteristics,observing external environmental characteristics,expanding thermodynamic characteristic data,and crossing time and space.The second dimension is to improve the quality of observation and diagnosis information collection and analysis,including 19 specific meanings,such as standardized collection environment,objective quantification,and refined observation.Conclusion Digital-intelligent equipment plays a significant role in expanding the scope of inspection content and achieving high-quality acquisition and analysis of extensive inspection information.These advancements extend and enrich the capabilities of traditional inspection method in traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To investigate the current status of home medicine cabinet management and unmet needs for home-based pharmaceutical services among elderly hypertensive patients in Hubei Province,and to provide evidence for optimizing home pharmaceutical care models.Methods From July 2022 to March 2023,310 elderly hypertension patients across Hubei Province were enrolled.Pharmacists conducted home visits to administer structured questionnaires capturing demographics and blood pressure control rates,perform medication categorization and quality assessments of home medicine cabinets and document cabinet management issues in real-time.Results Among 290 valid questionnaires,binary logistic regression revealed better blood pressure control in non-working and non-smoking individuals.Medicine cabinet audits identified three critical issues:failure to separate Chinese and chemical medicines,duplicate medications with similar ingredients and missing original packaging.Post-intervention,all cabinets demonstrated proper medication categorization and storage compliance.Conclusions Significant medication safety hazards exist in elderly hypertensive patients'home medicine cabinets.Pharmacist-led home interventions effectively cleared substandard medications and improved medication safety.Future home pharmaceutical services should focus on optimizing cabinet management protocols,enhancing medication safety awareness and personalizing pharmaceutical care to ensure precise and effective home-based medication management.

AIM To establish a rapid quantitative analysis model for saponins in Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis(PPY)by near infrared spectroscopy.METHODS The contents of polyphyllins Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅶ and there total content in PPY were determined by HPLC,while spectral data within the range of 10 000 to 4 000 cm-1 were collected.A quantitative analysis model was established by combining these data with partial least squares regression(PLSR).Multivariate scatter correction(MSC)and vector normalization(SNV)were applied prior to further preprocessing the spectra with original,first-order derivative(1stD),or second-order derivative(2ndD)treatments.Lastly,the model was optimized through non-smoothing(NS),Norris Derivative filtering(Nd),and Savitzky-Golay filtering(S-G)method.Model stability was evaluated based on correlation coefficients and variance.The predicted contents of each saponin component in the validation set samples were calculated.RESULTS The contents of polyphyllins Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅶ were 0.42-17.98,0.46-10.44,0.23-3.86 mg/g,respectively.The total content ranged from 2.91 to 22.1 mg/g.The optimal parameters of three saponins were achieved when selecting the MSC+2ndD+S-G pretreatment method.The corresponding ratio of line segment length to segment gap was 13∶5,15∶5,11∶5,with correlation coefficients of 0.982,0.930,0.958,respectively.The root mean square errors of calibration(RMSEC)were 0.702,0.797,0.238,and the root mean square errors of prediction(RMSEP)were 1.120,0.835,0.304,respectively.The optimal parameters for the total content were obtained when selecting the MSC+2ndD+NS pretreatment method,with a correlation coefficient of 0.970,a RMSEC of 1.090,and a RMSEP of 1.740.CONCLUSION This accurate and rapid method can be used for detection of saponin contents in P.Polyphylla.

Objective This study investigated feasible cases and their significance in promoting the"generalized"development of inspection through digital-intelligent equipment.Methods A qualitative research approach was used,involving interviews conducted between February 2025 and March 2025 with experts in traditional Chinese medicine diagnostics,clinical research methodology,medical engineering integration,and related disciplines,using both online and offline methods.In accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research,feasible cases involving the specific application of digital equipment in various parts of observation were collected through item enrichment.The significance of extending observation capabilities via these cases was analyzed,along with the overall implications of integrating digital technologies with traditional inspection method.Results Interviews were completed with 11 experts from domestic universities and research institutes in the fields of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis,medical engineering integration,and related disciplines.A total of 78 feasible cases of digital-intelligent inspection were identified,along with 69 insights regarding the significance of enhancing the inspection capabilities.These insights were synthesized into two dimensions and 23 holistic meanings.The first dimension is to expand the scope of inspection,including obtaining internal environmental characteristics,observing external environmental characteristics,expanding thermodynamic characteristic data,and crossing time and space.The second dimension is to improve the quality of observation and diagnosis information collection and analysis,including 19 specific meanings,such as standardized collection environment,objective quantification,and refined observation.Conclusion Digital-intelligent equipment plays a significant role in expanding the scope of inspection content and achieving high-quality acquisition and analysis of extensive inspection information.These advancements extend and enrich the capabilities of traditional inspection method in traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To investigate the current status of home medicine cabinet management and unmet needs for home-based pharmaceutical services among elderly hypertensive patients in Hubei Province,and to provide evidence for optimizing home pharmaceutical care models.Methods From July 2022 to March 2023,310 elderly hypertension patients across Hubei Province were enrolled.Pharmacists conducted home visits to administer structured questionnaires capturing demographics and blood pressure control rates,perform medication categorization and quality assessments of home medicine cabinets and document cabinet management issues in real-time.Results Among 290 valid questionnaires,binary logistic regression revealed better blood pressure control in non-working and non-smoking individuals.Medicine cabinet audits identified three critical issues:failure to separate Chinese and chemical medicines,duplicate medications with similar ingredients and missing original packaging.Post-intervention,all cabinets demonstrated proper medication categorization and storage compliance.Conclusions Significant medication safety hazards exist in elderly hypertensive patients'home medicine cabinets.Pharmacist-led home interventions effectively cleared substandard medications and improved medication safety.Future home pharmaceutical services should focus on optimizing cabinet management protocols,enhancing medication safety awareness and personalizing pharmaceutical care to ensure precise and effective home-based medication management.