ObjectiveTo evaluate the antitumor activity of Periplaneta americana extract（PAE） against human-derived lung adenocarcinoma organoids（LUAD-PDOs） and to elucidate its potential mechanism based on transcriptomics. MethodsFresh tumor and adjacent normal tissues from patients with LUAD were collected to construct LUAD-PDOs and normal lung organoid（Nor-PDOs） models using 3D organoid culture technology. The effective intervention concentration of PAE was determined using the cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） assay. Experimental groups included the model group（LUAD-PDOs）， normal group， model administration group（LUAD-PDOs+PAE）， and normal administration group（Nor-PDOs+PAE）. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the pathological structures of PDOs， immunohistochemistry（IHC） was performed to detect the expressions of the proliferation marker Ki-67 and lung adenocarcinoma differentiation markers cytokeratin-7（CK-7） and Napsin A， TUNEL staining was applied to detect cell apoptosis. RNA sequencing（RNA-Seq） was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes（DEGs）， followed by Gene Ontology（GO）， Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG）， and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis（GSEA）， alongside protein-protein interaction（PPI） network analysis to screen core mechanisms. Finally， key targets were validated by integrating external database analysis with immunofluorescence（IF）. ResultsNor-PDOs and LUAD-PDOs that highly recapitulated the pathological characteristics of the primary tissues were successfully established. The CCK-8 assay determined that the effective intervention concentration of PAE was 16 g·L^-1. Morphological observation showed that Nor-PDOs exhibited lumen-forming structures， whereas LUAD-PDOs displayed dense， solid structures. CCK-8 and TUNEL assays revealed that， compared with the model group， PAE intervention inhibited the proliferation of LUAD-PDOs and promoted apoptosis in LUAD cells， while showing no significant effect on the viability of Nor-PDOs. Transcriptomic analysis identified 719 DEGs that were significantly reversed after PAE intervention（347 up-regulated and 372 down-regulated）（P<0.05）. GO enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs in the model administration group were significantly enriched in biological processes related to cell cycle regulation compared to the model group. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that PAE affected pathways related to proliferation and metabolism， including pathways in cancer and the p53 signaling pathway. GSEA further confirmed that PAE significantly enhanced the activity of the p53 signaling pathway（P<0.05）. PPI network analysis indicated that breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein（BRCA1） and checkpoint kinase 1（CHEK1） were the core down-regulated targets in the p53 pathway. IF verified the high expression of BRCA1 and CHEK1 in LUAD-PDOs and their significant downregulation after PAE intervention（P<0.05）. Furthermore， survival analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas（TCGA） database indicated that low expression of BRCA1 and CHEK1 was significantly associated with prolonged overall survival in patients with LUAD（P<0.05）. ConclusionPAE effectively inhibits proliferation of LUAD-PDOs and promotes their apoptosis， its anti-tumor mechanism is potentially associated with the activation of the p53 signaling pathway， with BRCA1 and CHEK1 genes likely serving as key downstream targets for the effects of PAE.

Objective To reveal the scientific output and trends in pulmonary nodules/early-stage lung cancer prediction models. Methods Publications on predictive models of pulmonary nodules/early lung cancer between January 1, 2002 and June 3, 2023 were retrieved and extracted from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and Web of Science database. CiteSpace 6.1.R3 and VOSviewer 1.6.18 were used to analyze the hotspots and theme trends. Results A marked increase in the number of publications related to pulmonary nodules/early-stage lung cancer prediction models was observed. A total of 12581 authors from 2711 institutions in 64 countries/regions published 2139 documents in 566 academic journals in English. A total of 282 articles from 1256 authors were published in 176 journals in Chinese. The Chinese and English journals which published the most pulmonary nodules/early-stage lung cancer prediction model-related papers were Journal of Clinical Radiology and Frontiers in Oncology, respectively. Chest was the most frequently cited journal. China and the United States were the leading countries in the field of pulmonary nodules/early-stage lung cancer prediction models. The institutions represented by Fudan University had significant academic influence in the field. Analysis of keywords revealed that multi-omics, nomogram, machine learning and artificial intelligence were the current focus of research. Conclusion Over the last two decades, research on risk-prediction models for pulmonary nodules/early-stage lung cancer has attracted increasing attention. Prognosis, machine learning, artificial intelligence, nomogram, and multi-omics technologies are both current hotspots and future trends in this field. In the future, in-depth explorations using different omics should increase the sensitivity and accuracy of pulmonary nodules/early-stage lung cancer prediction models. More high-quality future studies should be conducted to validate the efficacy and safety of pulmonary nodules/early-stage lung cancer prediction models further and reduce the global burden of lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the application and effectiveness of a zero-trust network architecture(ZTNA)in a hospital's smart-management platform,providing a practical reference for network-architecture optimization in smart-hospital initiatives.Methods A single-arm mode was involved in the deployment of ZTNA.An encrypted tunnel was established by the zero-trust proxy gateway,and the components for zero-trust terminal security,behavior management,firewall,identity authentication,security operation and analysis center were synergized with the help of a logical bus to form a security protection system of end-to-end trust assessment,dynamic access control,micro-isolation and visualization,and the integration and access to the hospital's intelligent management platform were realized by means of ticket injection.Results ZTNA markedly enhanced data protection for the platform,and significantly improved user experience by simplified authentication and enhanced support for mobile operation.Conclusion ZTNA ensures the security of kinds of hospital business systems,and lays a foundation for large comprehensive hospitals to construct cross-region,cross-institution and multi-center medical information platforms and open data sharing modes.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(8):50-57]

Objective:To investigate the expression pattern of pan-TRK protein in colorectal cancers with NTRK gene fusion and mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) and to analyze its molecular pathological characteristics.Methods:A total of 117 dMMR colorectal cancers diagnosed in the Department of Pathology of Henan Provincial People′s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China from 2020 to 2023 were collected. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and DNA/RNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) were used to detect pan-TRK protein expression and fusion partner genes in tumors, and to further explore the correlation between pan-TRK staining patterns and partner genes.Results:IHC and FISH were performed successfully in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 117 dMMR colorectal cancer patients. There were 15 (15/117, 12.8%) cases with positive pan-TRK, including 6 cases with strong staining in tumor cell membrane and cytoplasm, 2 cases with weakly granular staining in tumor cytoplasm, 2 cases with moderate dot-like staining in near 5% tumor cell nuclei, 1 case with moderately to strongly granular staining in the cytoplasm and membrane of tumor cells, 1 case with moderately to weakly granular staining in about 60% of the tumor cells, 1 case with strongly staining in about 1% of the tumor cells, 1 case with moderately to strongly staining in about 3% of the tumor cells and 1 case with diffuse, moderate para-nuclear dot-like and weakly perinuclear granular staining. NTRK1 gene disruption was detected in 6 cases (6/117, 5.1%) and consistent with diffusely strong expression of pan-TRK. Based on DNA/RNA NGS, it was further confirmed that the 6 cases with NTRK1 gene disruption all carried TPM3-NTRK1 fusion gene, and all had high microsatellite instability and high tumor mutation burden. No KRAS, NRAS, BRAF V600E or TP53 gene mutations were detected. Four patients carried frame shift mutations in RNF43. Other molecular changes included 3 cases with ROS1 gene mutation, 2 cases with BRAC, ALK, and EGFR gene mutations, 2 cases with ATM gene mutation, and 2 cases with KIT gene mutation. These were missense/frame shift mutations that were associated with no clinical significance. The nine pan-TRK-positive cases without NTRK gene fusion detected with DNA-based NGS were further confirmed with RNA-based NGS, and no NTRK gene fusion was found. The sensitivity and specificity of NTRK gene fusion detected using IHC were 100.0% and 92.5%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of diffusely strong membranous/cytoplasmic staining were both 100.0%.Conclusions:Pan-TRK protein has various expression patterns in dMMR colorectal cancer. Its diffusely strong expression is highly suggestive of NTRK1 gene fusion. TPM3-NTRK1 gene fusion is a common form of NTRK gene fusion in dMMR colorectal cancer.

Objective To investigate the application and effectiveness of a zero-trust network architecture(ZTNA)in a hospital's smart-management platform,providing a practical reference for network-architecture optimization in smart-hospital initiatives.Methods A single-arm mode was involved in the deployment of ZTNA.An encrypted tunnel was established by the zero-trust proxy gateway,and the components for zero-trust terminal security,behavior management,firewall,identity authentication,security operation and analysis center were synergized with the help of a logical bus to form a security protection system of end-to-end trust assessment,dynamic access control,micro-isolation and visualization,and the integration and access to the hospital's intelligent management platform were realized by means of ticket injection.Results ZTNA markedly enhanced data protection for the platform,and significantly improved user experience by simplified authentication and enhanced support for mobile operation.Conclusion ZTNA ensures the security of kinds of hospital business systems,and lays a foundation for large comprehensive hospitals to construct cross-region,cross-institution and multi-center medical information platforms and open data sharing modes.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(8):50-57]

Objective:To investigate the expression pattern of pan-TRK protein in colorectal cancers with NTRK gene fusion and mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) and to analyze its molecular pathological characteristics.Methods:A total of 117 dMMR colorectal cancers diagnosed in the Department of Pathology of Henan Provincial People′s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China from 2020 to 2023 were collected. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and DNA/RNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) were used to detect pan-TRK protein expression and fusion partner genes in tumors, and to further explore the correlation between pan-TRK staining patterns and partner genes.Results:IHC and FISH were performed successfully in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 117 dMMR colorectal cancer patients. There were 15 (15/117, 12.8%) cases with positive pan-TRK, including 6 cases with strong staining in tumor cell membrane and cytoplasm, 2 cases with weakly granular staining in tumor cytoplasm, 2 cases with moderate dot-like staining in near 5% tumor cell nuclei, 1 case with moderately to strongly granular staining in the cytoplasm and membrane of tumor cells, 1 case with moderately to weakly granular staining in about 60% of the tumor cells, 1 case with strongly staining in about 1% of the tumor cells, 1 case with moderately to strongly staining in about 3% of the tumor cells and 1 case with diffuse, moderate para-nuclear dot-like and weakly perinuclear granular staining. NTRK1 gene disruption was detected in 6 cases (6/117, 5.1%) and consistent with diffusely strong expression of pan-TRK. Based on DNA/RNA NGS, it was further confirmed that the 6 cases with NTRK1 gene disruption all carried TPM3-NTRK1 fusion gene, and all had high microsatellite instability and high tumor mutation burden. No KRAS, NRAS, BRAF V600E or TP53 gene mutations were detected. Four patients carried frame shift mutations in RNF43. Other molecular changes included 3 cases with ROS1 gene mutation, 2 cases with BRAC, ALK, and EGFR gene mutations, 2 cases with ATM gene mutation, and 2 cases with KIT gene mutation. These were missense/frame shift mutations that were associated with no clinical significance. The nine pan-TRK-positive cases without NTRK gene fusion detected with DNA-based NGS were further confirmed with RNA-based NGS, and no NTRK gene fusion was found. The sensitivity and specificity of NTRK gene fusion detected using IHC were 100.0% and 92.5%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of diffusely strong membranous/cytoplasmic staining were both 100.0%.Conclusions:Pan-TRK protein has various expression patterns in dMMR colorectal cancer. Its diffusely strong expression is highly suggestive of NTRK1 gene fusion. TPM3-NTRK1 gene fusion is a common form of NTRK gene fusion in dMMR colorectal cancer.

Objective To study the efficacy of bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL)combined with prone positioning in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)and atelectasis and its effect on pulmonary function.Methods A prospective study was conducted on 94 children with MPP and atelectasis who were hospitalized in Ordos Central Hospital of Inner Mongolia from November 2020 to May 2023.The children were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,with 47 children in each group.The children in the treatment group were given conventional treatment,BAL,and prone positioning,and those in the control group were given conventional treatment and BAL.The two groups were compared in terms of fever,pulmonary signs,length of hospital stay,lung recruitment,and improvement in pulmonary function.Results Compared with the control group,the treatment group had significantly shorter time to improvement in pulmonary signs and length of hospital stay and a significantly higher rate of lung recruitment on day 7 of hospitalization,on the day of discharge,and at 1 week after discharge(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the treatment group had significantly higher levels of forced vital capacity(FVC)as a percentage of the predicted value,forced expiratory volume(FEV)in 1 second as a percentage of the predicted value,ratio of FEV in 1 second to FVC,forced expiratory flow at 50%of FVC as a percentage of the predicted value,forced expiratory flow at 75%of FVC as a percentage of the predicted value,and maximal mid-expiratory flow as a percentage of the predicted value on the day of discharge and at 1 week after discharge(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the time for body temperature to return to normal between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusions In the treatment of children with MPP and atelectasis,BAL combined with prone positioning can help to shorten the time to improvement in pulmonary signs and the length of hospital stay and promote lung recruitment and improvement in pulmonary function.

Objective To observe the impact of cold circulation liquid temperature on ablation focus morphology of microwave ablation(MWA)for in vitro porcine liver tissue.Methods Twenty in vitro fresh porcine liver blocks were randomly divided into ice water circulation group(group A)and normal temperature circulation group(group B),respectively.Ten target ablations in each subgroups in group A and group B,i.e.A1 and B1(50 W,1 min),A2 and B2(50 W,5 min),A3 and B3(60 W,1 min),A4 and B4(60 W,5 min),A5 and B5(70 W,1 min)as well as A6 and B6(70 W,5 min)subgroups were performed using different ablation power(50,60,70 W)and ablation time(1,5 min),respectively.Then the morphology indexes of ablation foci,including longitudinal diameter(LD),transverse diameter(TD),roundness index(RI)and volume(V)were compared between subgroups in group A and B,also among subgroups within group A and B.Results Under the same ablation power and time,LD of ablation foci in subgroups of group A were all smaller than those of group B(all P＜0.05).Significant differences of RI of ablation foci were found between A1 and B1,A2 and B2,A4 and B4,A5 and B5 as well as A6 and B6 subgroups(all P＜0.05),but not between A3 and B3 subgroups(P＞0.05).However,the main effect of cold circulation liquid temperature on ablation focus TD(F=1.125)nor V(F=3.332)was not significant(both P≥0.05).Under the same cold circulation liquid temperature,significant differences of the morphology indexes of ablation foci were detected between A1 and A2,A3 and A4 as well as A5 and A6 subgroups,also between corresponding subgroups in group B(all P＜0.05).Conclusion During MWA for in vitro porcine liver tissue under constant ablation power and time,taken ice water as the cold circulation liquid was benefit to ablation focus shaped spherically.With the extension of ablation time,the larger the ablation focus,the higher the RI.

To investigate the existence of tick-borne pathogens infection of rodents at the border of China and the Demo-cratic People's Republic of Korea(DPRK).PCR was used to detect the spotted fever group rickettsiae(SFGR)ompA gene,Ehrlichia chaffeensis(Ec)and Anaplasma phagocytophilum(Ap)16S rRNA,Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis(CNm)groEL gene,Bartonella(Ba)rpoB gene,and Francisella tularensis(Ft)fopA gene in rodents samples collected from Ji'an of Jilin province and Kuandian of Liaoning Province.The positivity rates of 132 wild rats spleen samples,SFGR,Ec,Ap,CNm,Ba,and Ft were 9.85％,12.88％,5.30％,3.79％,51.52％,and 6.06％,respectively,with statistical differences in in-fection rates(x2=149.236,P=0.000).The infection rate of Ba was the highest in wild rats in this area.There was no signifi-cant difference in the infection rate of SFGR,Ec,Ap,CNm,and Ft among different rats species,but there were significant differences in the infection rate of Ba(x2=13.36,P=0.010).The infection rate of Apodemus agrarius was the highest.A-mong 132 wild rats specimens,the coinfection rate of the two pathogens was 15.9％(21/132),with Ba as the main species(15/132),and two cases of coinfection with three pathogens were detected.The infection of six tick-borne pathogens is common in wild rats at the China/DPRK border.Co-infection of two or three pathogens indicates a risk of multiple tick-borne pathogens and mixed natural foci of multiple tick-borne infec-tious diseases.

Poria is an important medicine for inducing diuresis to drain dampness from the middle energizer. However, the specific effective components and the potential mechanism of Poria remain largely unknown. To identify the effective components and the mechanism of Poria water extract (PWE) to treat dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency syndrome (DSSD), a rat model of DSSD was established through weight-loaded forced swimming, intragastric ice-water stimulation, humid living environment, and alternate-day fasting for 21 days. After 14 days of treatment with PWE, the results indicated that PWE increased fecal moisture percentage, urine output, D-xylose level and weight; amylase, albumin, and total protein levels; and the swimming time of rats with DSSD to different extents. Eleven highly related components were screened out using the spectrum-effect relationship and LC-MS. Mechanistic studies revealed that PWE significantly increased the expression of serum motilin (MTL), gastrin (GAS), ADCY5/6, p-PKAα/β/γ cat, and phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein in the stomach, and AQP3 expression in the colon. Moreover, it decreased the levels of serum ADH, the expression of AQP3 and AQP4 in the stomach, AQP1 and AQP3 in the duodenum, and AQP4 in the colon. PWE induced diuresis to drain dampness in rats with DSSD. Eleven main effective components were identified in PWE. They exerted therapeutic effect by regulating the AC-cAMP-AQP signaling pathway in the stomach, MTL and GAS levels in the serum, AQP1 and AQP3 expression in the duodenum, and AQP3 and AQP4 expression in the colon.
Animals ; Rats ; Poria ; Spleen ; Albumins ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein