ObjectiveTo explore the mechanisms of Yangjing Tongluo prescription （YJTL） in the treatment of intrauterine adhesion （IUA） from the perspective of oxidative stress mediated by the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 （Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1） signaling pathway. MethodsA total of 48 rats with normal estrous cycles were selected and randomly divided into a normal group （n=8） and a modeling group （n=40）. An IUA rat model was established using a dual-injury method combining surgical curettage and infection. Eight rats were randomly selected from the modeling group for a pilot experiment to confirm successful model establishment. After successful modeling， the remaining 32 rats were randomly divided into a model group， a low-dose YJTL group （YJTL-L）， a high-dose YJTL group （YJTL-H）， and a Progynova group. Rats in the normal and model groups were administered purified water （15 mL·kg^-1） by gavage daily， while rats in the YJTL-L， YJTL-H， and Progynova groups received YJTL at doses of 6.43 and 12.86 g·kg^-1 and Progynova at 2.06 × 10^-4 g·kg^-1， respectively， for 14 consecutive days. The general condition， uterine morphology， and uterine index of the rats were monitored. Histopathological changes in uterine tissue were observed using hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Serum levels of reactive oxygen species （ROS） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Protein expression levels of Keap1， Nrf2， and HO-1 in endometrial tissue were detected by Western blot. Immunofluorescence （IF） was used to assess the distribution of Nrf2 and HO-1， as well as the expression of Nrf2 in the cytoplasm and nucleus. ResultsCompared with the normal group， rats in the model group exhibited poor mental status and reduced mobility， markedly edematous and tortuous uterine morphology， decreased gland number， and inflammatory reactions in the endometrium， along with an increased uterine organ index （P<0.05）. Serum ROS levels were significantly increased （P<0.05）， while serum GSH-Px levels were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. In endometrial tissue， Keap1 protein expression was increased （P<0.05）， whereas Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression was decreased. Mild nuclear translocation of Nrf2 was observed， accompanied by increased relative fluorescence intensity of nuclear Nrf2 and decreased relative fluorescence intensity of cytoplasmic HO-1. Compared with the model group， all treatment groups showed varying degrees of improvement in the above symptoms and pathological changes. Serum ROS levels were reduced （P<0.05）， serum GSH-Px levels were increased （P<0.05）， Keap1 protein expression in endometrial tissue was decreased， and Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression was increased in a dose-dependent manner （P<0.05）. Notably， significant nuclear translocation of Nrf2 was observed， with correspondingly increased relative fluorescence intensity of nuclear Nrf2 and enhanced relative fluorescence intensity of cytoplasmic HO-1. ConclusionYJTL may enhance antioxidant capacity and repair oxidative damage to the endometrial basal layer by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

As the core vehicle for preserving and transmitting traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） academic thought and clinical experience， the establishment of a robust quality evaluation system for TCM clinical case reports is a crucial component in the current standardization and modernization of TCM. Based on the practical experience of constructing the China Clinical Cases Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of critical challenges， including insufficient authenticity and unfocused evaluation criteria. It proposed a three-dimensional evaluation framework grounded in the structure-process-outcome logic， encompassing three dimensions of authenticity and standardization， characteristics and advantages， application and translational impact. This framework integrated 12 key evaluation indicators in a systematic manner. The model preserved the academic characteristics of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment， while aligning with modern scientific research standards， achieving a balance between individualized TCM experience and standardized evaluation. Concurrently， this study provided theoretical foundations and methodological guidance for evaluating the quality of TCM clinical cases， contributing significantly to the inheritance of TCM knowledge， evidence-based practice， and the reform of talent evaluation mechanisms.

Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage liver disease and can significantly prolong patient survival. However, patients usually have poor physiological and psychological conditions before and after undergoing liver transplantation surgery, which affects prognosis and reduces quality of life. Preoperative prehabilitation, through intervention modes such as exercise, nutrition and psychology, can improve patients' preoperative functional reserve, alleviate perioperative stress reactions, reduce postoperative infection risks and be beneficial for postoperative recovery after liver transplantation. Therefore, this article reviews the latest research progress on the timing and location of prehabilitation, the necessity of prehabilitation and intervention models for preoperative prehabilitation of liver transplant patients. The aim is to deepen the understanding and application of preoperative prehabilitation for liver transplant patients in clinical practice, in order to provide theoretical and practical basis for preoperative prehabilitation of liver transplant patients and improve their prognosis.

Objective: To prepare the erythrocyte-liposome drug delivery system to enhance the therapeutic effect of drugs on tumors and inhibit tumor metastasis. Methods: This study prepared and characterized paclitaxel (PTX)-plerixafor (AMD3100) liposomes (Lips), developed the erythrocyte-liposome drug delivery system, and evaluated its targeting efficiency and therapeutic efficacy through a series of in vitro cellular and in vivo animal experiments. Results: The particle size of PTX-AMD-Lips was (186.4±0.83) nm. Drug encapsulation efficiency of PTX-AMD-Lips was (75.50±5.27)% for PTX and (88.31±2.45)% for AMD. The Binding efficiency between RBC and liposomes in the drug delivery system was (69.93±2.55)%. Vitro cellular experiments revealed that PTX-AMD-Lips significantly inhibited tumor cell migration. In vivo animal experiments, the erythrocyte-liposome drug delivery system significantly increased drug accumulation in the lungs. At the experimental endpoint, the quantitative fluorescence signal of tumor size measured (4.04±0.44)×10 for the PTX-Lips group, and (5.14±3.40)×10 for the RBC-PTX-AMD-Lips group. Conclusion: The erythrocyte-liposome drug delivery system could enhance the lung-specific targeting capability of liposomes, kill tumor cells and suppress further metastasis effectively.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of 2-dodecyl-6-methoxy-2，5-diene-1，4-cyclohexanedione （DMDD）， an active component from Averrhoa carambola root， on myocardial injury in diabetic mice based on the nuclear receptor coactivator 4/ferritin heavy chain 1/autophagy-related protein 8 （NCOA4/FTH1/ATG8） axis. METHODS The successfully modeled diabetic mice were randomly divided into model group and DMDD low-， medium-， and high-dose （12.5， 25， 50 mg/kg） groups， while an additional non-modeled control group was established， with 6 mice in each group. Each group received the corresponding drug solution or an equal volume of normal saline intragastically once daily for 21 consecutive days. After the administration， the levels of fasting blood glucose （FBG）， serum lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）， and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB （CK-MB） were measured. Myocardial pathological changes， degree of fibrosis， and myocardial cell ultrastructure were observed. Myocardial cell death index and NCOA4 protein positive index were detected. The protein expression levels of NCOA4， FTH1， ATG8， solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SLC7A11）， and glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4） in cardiac tissue were measured. RESULTS Compared with model group， each DMDD group showed significant alleviation of cardiac pathological injury and varying degrees of improvement in the myocardial cell ultrastructure. The FBG and serum LDH and CK-MB levels， the myocardial cell death index and NCOA4 protein positive index，the protein expression levels of NCOA4， FTH1， and ATG8 in cardiac tissue were significantly decreased （ P ＜0.001）， while the protein expression levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 were significantly increased （ P ＜0.001）. CONCLUSIONS DMDD can reduce blood glucose levels， alleviate myocardial histopathological injury， and inhibit cell death in diabetic mice. The mechanism is associated with inhibiting excessive activation of the NCOA4/FTH1/ATG8 axis and reducing ferritinophagy.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is one of the most prevalent forms of liver diseases globally. Its progression can lead to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease， and there is currently a lack of effective pharmacological treatments. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）， as a regulatory hub for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis， can coordinate key cellular processes such as adipogenesis， glucose metabolism， and mitochondrial functions. Its activation exerts metabolic regulatory effects through pathways including inhibiting lipogenesis， enhancing mitochondrial β-oxidation， regulating inflammation and oxidative stress， and promoting autophagy. Accordingly， AMPK emerges as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM）， with low toxicity， high accessibility， and multi-component， multi-target synergistic effects， has demonstrated unique value in NAFLD treatment， particularly showing notable advantages in regulating the AMPK signaling pathway. Sichuan is known as the treasure house of TCM， and the active components of its authentic medicinal materials such as Coptidis Rhizoma not only reflect regional characteristics in AMPK signaling regulation but also form a multi-level metabolic regulatory network through crosstalk with pathways such as sirtuin 1 （SIRT1） and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α （PPARα）. They can achieve specific regulation by directly activating AMPK and modulating upstream and downstream targets， exerting prominent effects in ameliorating hepatic steatosis and inflammation. This study systematically reviews the research findings on TCM for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD over the past five years， elaborating the mechanisms by which TCM treats NAFLD through regulating the AMPK signaling pathway. It aims to provide new perspectives and references for clinical diagnosis and treatment， basic research， and drug development.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the pharmaceutical care needs of the elderly， thus providing a reference for improving the pharmaceutical care for the elderly. METHODS Based on the Kano model， a questionnaire was designed， and 1 200 community-dwelling elderly in the main urban area of Chongqing were selected as the survey subjects. The study analyzed the attributes and urgency of their pharmaceutical care needs to put forward optimization strategies. RESULTS A total of 1 200 questionnaires were distributed in the study， and 1 062 valid questionnaires were collected， with an effective response rate of 88.50%. The gender distribution of respondents was relatively balanced， with the majority aged between 60 and 69 （43.41%）， and generally possessing a relatively low level of educational attainment. The results showed that medication education and medication consultation were must-be needs； home-based pharmaceutical care was an expected need； drug reorganization， medication monitoring， pharmaceutical science popularization， and pharmaceutical ward round were attractive needs； internet-based pharmaceutical care was indifferent need. The urgent order of demand was medication education ＞ medication consultation ＞ home-based pharmaceutical care ＞ pharmaceutical science popularization ＞ drug reorganization ＞ medication monitoring ＞ pharmaceutical ward round ＞ internet-based pharmaceutical care. CONCLUSIONS The community elderly in Chongqing have high expectations for pharmaceutical care as a whole. Medical institutions should fully guarantee the two essential needs of medication education and medication consultation， and focus on ensuring the expected needs for home-based pharmaceutical care. Efforts should be made to develop the four attractive needs of pharmaceutical science popularization， drug reorganization， medication monitoring， and pharmaceutical ward round， and actively carry out age-friendly adaptations for internet-based pharmaceutical care.

AIM: To quantitatively evaluate the clinical characteristics of haze after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy(TPRK)for astigmatism using corneal densitometry.METHODS:In this retrospective clinical study, a total of 74 patients(106 eyes)with astigmatism ≥1.25 D who underwent TPRK in our hospital from October 2022 to December 2024 were continuously collected. All of the study subjects were divided into transparent group(65 eyes)and haze group(41 eyes)based on whether haze occurred after surgery. Pentacam examination was performed before and after surgery, and corneal densitometry was recorded at the time points of preoperation, 1 mo postoperation in the transparent group and the most severe haze degree in the haze group. The collected corneal densitometry included the average densitometry of the entire corneal layer in the central 2 mm, 2-6 mm, and 6-10 mm areas, as well as the average densitometry of the entire layer of the corneal section in the center 6 mm of the astigmatism axis(astigmatism expressed in negative cylindrical form)and orthogonal axis(the axis perpendicular to the astigmatism axis), and the average densitometry of the entire layer of the corneal section in the nasal and temporal 2-6 mm areas of the astigmatism axis in the haze group of patients with regular astigmatism. The change in corneal densitometry after surgery compared with that before surgery was calculated.RESULTS:There was no statistically significant difference in baseline data such as gender, age, and spherical equivalent between the transparent group and the haze group(all P>0.05). The change in corneal densitometry in the 2-6 mm area of the haze group was greater than that in the transparent group(Z=-2.226, P=0.026), while there was no significant difference in the change of corneal densitometry in the central 2 mm and 6-10 mm areas between the two groups(both P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the change of corneal densitometry between the transparent group and haze group along the orthogonal axis(all P>0.05), while the change of corneal densitometry in the haze group along the astigmatism axis was greater than that in the transparent group(Z=-2.371, P=0.018). The temporal corneal densitometry of patients with regular astigmatism in the haze group after surgery was higher than that of the nasal side, and the change in corneal densitometry was also greater than that of the nasal side(Z=-4.288, P<0.001; Z=-4.043, P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Unlike spherical correction for myopia and hyperopia, haze after TPRK for astigmatism was mainly manifested in the peripheral cutting area of the astigmatism axis, and patients with regular astigmatism had a higher probability or severity of haze on the temporal side of the astigmatism axis than on the nasal side.

T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) is one of the simplest known RNA polymerases. Its unique structural features make it a critical model for studying the mechanisms of RNA synthesis. This review systematically examines the static crystal structure of T7 RNAP, beginning with an in-depth examination of its characteristic “thumb”, “palm”, and “finger” domains, which form the classic “right-hand-like” architecture. By detailing these structural elements, this review establishes a foundation for understanding the overall organization of T7 RNAP. This review systematically maps the functional roles of secondary structural elements and their subdomains in transcriptional catalysis, progressively elucidating the fundamental relationships between structure and function. Further, the intrinsic flexibility of T7 RNAP and its applications in research are also discussed. Additionally, the review presents the structural diagrams of the enzyme at different stages of the transcription process, and through these diagrams, it provides a detailed description of the complete transcription process of T7 RNAP. By integrating structural dynamics and kinetics analyses, the review constructs a comprehensive framework that bridges static structure to dynamic processes. Despite its advantages, T7 RNAP has a notable limitation: it generates double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a byproduct. The presence of dsRNA not only compromises the purity of mRNA products but also elicits nonspecific immune responses, which pose significant challenges for biotechnological and therapeutic applications. The review provides a detailed exploration of the mechanisms underlying dsRNA formation during T7 RNAP catalysis, reviews current strategies to mitigate this issue, and highlights recent progress in the field. A key focus is the semi-rational design of T7 RNAP mutants engineered to minimize dsRNA generation and enhance catalytic performance. Beyond its role in transcription, T7 RNAP exhibits rapid development and extensive application in fields, including gene editing, biosensing, and mRNA vaccines. This review systematically examines the structure-function relationships of T7 RNAP, elucidates the mechanisms of dsRNA formation, and discusses engineering strategies to optimize its performance. It further explores the engineering optimization and functional expansion of T7 RNAP. Furthermore, this review also addresses the pressing issues that currently need resolution, discusses the major challenges in the practical application of T7 RNAP, and provides an outlook on potential future research directions. In summary, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of T7 RNAP, ranging from its structural architecture to cutting-edge applications. We systematically examine: (1) the characteristic right-hand domains (thumb, palm, fingers) that define its minimalistic structure; (2) the structure-function relationships underlying transcriptional catalysis; and (3) the dynamic transitions during the complete transcription cycle. While highlighting T7 RNAP’s versatility in gene editing, biosensing, and mRNA vaccine production, we critically address its major limitation—dsRNA byproduct formation—and evaluate engineering solutions including semi-rationally designed mutants. By synthesizing current knowledge and identifying key challenges, this work aims to provide novel insights for the development and application of T7 RNAP and to foster further thought and progress in related fields.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Dictamni Cortex.METHODS The 70％ethanol extract from Dictamni Cortex was isolated and purified by HP-20 macroporous resin,silica gel,MCI,ODS and preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Thirty-three compounds were isolated and identified as rutin(1),apigenin(2),catechin(3),hesperetin(4),leonuriside A(5),androsin(6),2-methoxy-4-acetylphenol-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1"-6')-β-glucopyranoside(7),vanillic acid(8),gallic acid(9),4-hydroxybenzoic acid(10),benzoic acid(11),involcranoside B(12),benzyl β-D-glucopyranoside(13),bphenylethyl-rutinoside(14),1-bromonaphthalene(15),cimifugin(16),9(S),12(S),13(S)-trihydroxyoctadeca-10(E),15(Z)-dienoic acid(17),methyl-9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadeca-10,15-dienoate(18),7,8-dihydroxy-9,12(Z,Z)-octadecadienoic acid(19),vernolic acid(20),9,10(erythro)-dihydroxy-11 E-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester(21),(7Z,9E,13Z)-11-hydroxyhexadeca-7,9,13-trienoic acid(22),(7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-13-hydroxydocosa-7,10,14,16,19-pentaenoic acid(23),(9E)-8,11,12-trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid methyl ester(24),n-hexanol-O-rutinoside(25),hexyl β-sophoroside(26),3-pentyl 6'-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl)-β-D-glucopyranoside(27),3-methylbut-3-enyl-6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(28),3-methyl-but-2-en-1-yl β-D-glucopyranoside(29),3-methylbutan-1-ol-β-D-glucopyranoside(30),pregnenolone(31),2-butoxytetrahydrofuran(32),psydrin(33).CONCLUSION Compounds 2-4,8-13,15-16,25-28 and 32-33 are isolated from Rutaceae family for the first time.