OBJECTIVE To establish the quality standard of Triadica cochinchinensis and to perform the acute toxicity study. METHODS Appearance properties, powder microscopic identification, and thin-layer chromatography(TLC) identification were researched. The specific chromatogram was established by HPLC. The content of cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb), arsenic(As), copper(Cu), and mercury(Hg) was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). Acute toxicity was studied by maximum dose. RESULTS The outer skin of herbs was dark brown, and the inner surface was light yellow brown and fibrous. Besides, crystal sheath fiber was common, and calcium oxalate clusters arranges in rows. In the TLC diagram of the test product, the fluorescent spots of the same color were displayed at the corresponding position of the control product(scopoletin, isofraxidin). Five common peaks were calibrated in the characteristic map and the three characteristic peaks(scopoletin, isofraxidin, dimethylfraxetin) were recognized. The content of the measured heavy metal elements was lower than the national limit standard. The linear correlation coefficient was R2 > 0.999. The precision, stability, repetitive RSD were < 10%. The average recovery rate of the added sample was 80%−120%, and the RSD was < 10%. The maximum dose of the acute toxicity test was 184.09 g·kg−1. The 14 d internal body mass, food intake, organ-body ratios, the serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were not significantly different by comparing with the normal controls. Therefore, no significant toxicity was observed. CONCLUSION The established standard can provide a reference for evaluating the quality of Triadica cochinchinensis. The heavy metal content of ten batches of medicinal materials is within the safe range. Acute toxicity test show that there is no obvious significant adverse teactions after oral administration, and the safe dose range is large, which can provide a reference for the subsequent development and utilization.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of skin ulcer patients in Lingnan area,and to explore the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome types and their related influencing factors.Methods The clinical data of 241 patients with skin ulcer who were hospitalized in the Department of Dermatology,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from August 2012 to July 2022 were collected,and their clinical characteristics and distribution of TCM syndrome types were analyzed.Results(1)The analysis of clinical characteristics showed that the age of the 241 patients with skin ulcers ranged from 10 years old to 98 years old,and the patients aged 70-79 years had the high incidence;the course of disease ranged from one week to more than 20 years,and most of the patients had the course of disease being 1-5 year(s);most of the patients were male,and the ratio of male to female was 1.62∶1;a total of 200 cases(82.99%)suffered skin ulcers in the lower limbs,17 cases(7.05%)suffered skin ulcers in the trunk,13 cases(5.39%)suffered multiple skin ulcers in the whole body,9 cases(3.73%)suffered skin ulcers in the upper limbs,and 2 cases(0.83%)suffered skin ulcers in the head and face.There was no significant difference in the gender and foci of the patients(P＞0.05).(2)The distribution of TCM syndrome types showed that among the 241 patients with skin ulcers,damp-heat and stasis obstruction syndrome was the most common(46.89%),followed by spleen deficiency with predominant dampness syndrome(27.39%),qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome(14.11%),and qi and yin deficiency syndrome(11.62%).There was no significant difference in the gender among the four TCM syndrome types(P＞0.05),but there was significant difference in the age of the patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion There were certain differences exert in the distribution of the age,gender,foci and course of disease in the patients with skin ulcers in Lingnan area,and the damp-heat and stasis obstruction syndrome is the most common type of the patients.

Antiviral Oral Liquid is modified on the basis of Baihu Decoction in Treatise on Febrility Diseases by ZHANG Zhongjing and Qingwen Baidu Yin in Qing Dynasty, with effects in clearing toxic heat, repelling dampness and cooling blood. It is widely used in clinical treatment of common colds, influenza and upper respiratory tract infection, mumps, viral conjunctivitis and hand-foot-mouth disease, with a good clinical efficacy and safety. Based on a questionnaire survey of clinicians and a systematic review of study literatures on Antiviral Oral Liquid, the international clinical practice guidelines development method was adopted to analyze the optimal available evidences and expert experiences in the "evidence-based, consensus-based and experience-based" principles. The consensus was jointly reached by more than 30 multidisciplinary experts nationwide, including clinical experts of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the field of respiratory diseases and infectious diseases, and methodological experts. In the study, literatures were retrieved based on clinical problems in the clinical survey as well as PICO clinical problems. The GRADE system was used for the classification and evaluation of evidence, and fully combined with clinical expert experience, so as to reach expert consensus by the nominal grouping method. This expert consensus recommended or suggested indications, usage and dosage, course of treatment, intervention time for treatment, and the safety and precautions of Antiviral Oral Liquid for treatment of influenza, and can provide reference for the rational use of this drug in clinical practice.
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; Consensus ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; Humans ; Influenza, Human/drug therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Physalin B (PB), one of the major active steroidal constituents of Solanaceae Physalis plants, has a wide variety of biological activities. We found that PB significantly down-regulated β-amyloid (Aβ) secretion in N2a/APPsw cells. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In the current study, we investigated the changes in key enzymes involved in β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism and other APP metabolites by treating N2a/APPsw cells with PB at different concentrations. The results indicated that PB reduced Aβ secretion, which was caused by down-regulation of β-secretase (BACE1) expression, as indicated at both the protein and mRNA levels. Further research revealed that PB regulated BACE1 expression by inducing the activation of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) and inhibiting the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). In addition, the effect of PB on BACE1 expression and Aβ secretion was reversed by treatment with FoxO1 siRNA and STAT3 antagonist S3I-201. In conclusion, these data demonstrated that PB can effectively down-regulate the expression of BACE1 to reduce Aβsecretion by activating the expression of FoxO1 and inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3.
Alzheimer Disease ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/metabolism* ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism* ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/metabolism* ; Down-Regulation ; Forkhead Box Protein O1/genetics* ; Humans ; Phosphorylation ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism* ; Secosteroids

Objective:To analyze the differential expression of silent information regulator transcript-1 (SIRT1) in tissues and cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), to explore the effects of SIRT1 on the proliferation and migration of NPC cells, as well as the effects on and mechanisms of lipid metabolism in NPC cells.Methods:Experimental subjects: In this study, tissue specimens were obtained from patients who visited the Department of Otolaryngology and performed nasopharyngeal tissue biopsy in the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from 2019 to 2020. Among them, 6 cases were male, 6 cases were female, age range: 27-72 years old, including 7 cases of NPC diagnosed by pathology and 5 cases of normal nasopharyngeal mucosa. Experimental methods and outcome measures: Western Blot and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the protein and mRNA levels of SIRT1. CNE2 cell line was selected for subsequent experiments. Cell viability and migratory ability were evaluated by CCK8, wound healing and Transwell assays respectively. Animal xenograft tumor model was used to explore the role of SIRT1 inhibitor Ex527 on tumor growth in nude mice. Oil red and Bodipy were used to stain intracellular lipids. For the mechanical investigation, the interactions between SIRT1 and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were analyzed by immunoprecipitation (IP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Finally, statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 26.0 software, P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The levels of SIRT1 protein (1.005±0.168) and mRNA (5.829±2.395) in NPC tissues were higher than those in normal nasopharyngeal mucosa (0.181±0.042,1.995±1.605). Differences were statistically significant ( t values were 6.438 and 2.759, both P<0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of CNE1, CNE2, 5-8F and 6-10B cell lines were also higher than those in normal nasopharynx epithelial cell line NP69. Besides, overexpression of SIRT1 correlated with the proliferation and migration of NPC cells. The tumorigenesis ability of nude mice in the Ex527 group was lower than that in the control group. The low SIRT1 expression reduced the protein level of the key enzymes of liposynthesis in NPC cells, improved the expression of lipolysis enzymes, while HIF-1α overexpression promoted lipid synthesis enzymes in NPC cells. SIRT1 inhibited HIF-1α transcription by enhancing deacetylation levels. The binding ability of HIF-1α to SIRT1 promoter regions decreased when NPC cells were hypoxic. Conclusions:SIRT1 promotes the proliferation, migration and lipid metabolism of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, which might be expected to provide new theoretical basis for prognosis judgment and gene therapy.

The objective of this research was to clone 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase gene (MoDXR) and its promoter sequence from Morinda officinalis and carry out bioinformatic analysis, cis-acting elements analysis, and prokaryotic expression. On the basis of the MoDXR gene sequence obtained from the M. officinalis transcriptome and with NCBI-ORFfinder analysis, a pair of specific primers were designed, and used for RT-PCR amplification. The promoter region sequence at the 5′ end of MoDXR gene was isolated by the genome walking technique. Localization of MoDXR was carried out by subcellular analysis. The prokaryotic expression plasmid pET-28a-MoDXR was constructed and transfected into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) chemically-competent cells; the recombiant plasmid expressed fusion protein after the induction by IPTG. The full-length cDNA of MoDXR was 2 015 bp,and open reading frame (ORF) size was 1 425 bp, and it encoded 474 amino acid residues and had a molecular mass of 51.27 kD. Sequence comparison with BlastP to the NCBI database revealed that MoDXR had high sequence similarity with many other DXRs, such as Coffea arabica DXR (CaDXR) and Rauvolfia verticillata DXR (RvDXR). A phylogenetic tree revealed that MoDXR had its closest relationship with DXR from Coffea arabica and Gardenia jasminoides. The subcellular localization revealed that MoDXR protein was located on the chloroplast. Plantcare analysis indicated that the promoter region sequence of MoDXR was 1 493 bp, covering multiple light, stress, and hormone-responsive cis-regulatory elements; protein electrophoresis showed that the expressed protein was the anticipated size. This research lays the foundation for further purification and structural and functional characterization of the MoDXR protein.

Objective Urine is a promising biomarker source for clinical proteomics studies. Regional physiological differences are common in multi-center clinical studies. In this study, we investigate whether significant differences are present in the urinary proteomes of individuals from different regions in China. Methods In this study, morning urine samples were collected from healthy urban residents in three regions of China (Haikou, Xi'an and Xining) and urinary proteins were preserved using a membrane-based method (Urimem). The urine proteomes of 27 normal samples were analyzed using LC-MS/MS and compared among three regions. Functional annotation of the differential proteins among the three areas was analyzed using the DAVID online database, and pathway enrichment of the differential urinary proteins was analyzed using KEGG. Results We identified 1898 proteins from Urimem samples using label-free proteome quantification, of which 56 urine proteins were differentially expressed among the three regions ( < 0.05). Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that inter-regional differences caused less significant changes in the urine proteome than inter-sex differences. After gender stratification, 16 differential proteins were identified in male samples and 84 differential proteins were identified in female samples. Among these differential proteins, several proteins have been previously reported as urinary disease biomarkers. Conclusions Urimem will facilitate urinary protein storage for large-scale urine sample collection. Regional differences are a confounding factor influencing the urine proteome and should be considered in future multi-center biomarker studies.

Objective To evaluate the effect of cardiopulmonary ultrasound in guiding volume ther-apy in the patients with sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Methods Thirty-eight patients of both sexes with septic myocardial injury, aged 28-64 yr, weighing 60-90 kg, received anti-infection, respiratory and circulatory comprehensive treatment. The patients were divided into group Ⅰ ( n=19) and group Ⅱ(n=19) by using a random number table method. Central venous pressure (CVP) was used to guide vol-ume therapy, and fluid replacement was carried out using the CVP 2-5 principle in groupⅠ. Cardiopulmo-nary ultrasound was used to guide volume therapy in group Ⅱ. Blood samples were taken before volume therapy and on 1, 3 and 5 days after volume therapy to determine the concentrations of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, cardiac troponin I and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB in serum. The CVP, positive fluid balance, lactic acid, central venous oxygen saturation and urine volume were recorded at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after volume therapy. Left ventricular ejection fraction was recorded at 1, 3 and 5 days after vol-ume therapy. The length of intensive care unit stay and 28-day fatality were recorded. Results Compared with groupⅠ, the CVP and fluid positive balance were significantly decreased at each time point after vol-ume therapy, the concentration of serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide was decreased at 5 days after volume therapy ( P<0. 05) , and no significant difference was found in concentrations of cardiac tropo-nin I and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB in serum, lactic acid, central venous oxygen saturation and urine volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, length of intensive care unit stay or 28-day fatality rate at each time point in groupⅡ( P>0. 05) . Conclusion Cardiopulmonary ultrasound can reduce the volume of liq-uid infused, avoid fluid overload and avoid accentuating myocardial injury when used to guide volume thera-py in the patients with sepsis-induced myocardial injury.

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed in this study to simultaneously determine the contents of eight effective constituents in rat plasma, including baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, berberine hydrochloride, saikosaponin a and saikosaponin d in plasma of gastric ulcer rats, and investigate the pharmacokinetics of Modified Xiaochaihu Granules. Chromatographic separation was conducted on Zorbax SB-C₁₈ column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) with acetonitrile -0.1% formic acid aqueous solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution, at a flow rate of 0.4 mL·min⁻¹ and column temperature of 40 °C. Detection was performed in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with ESI ion source. All calibration curves showed good linearity (>0.996) over a wide concentration range for all constituents. RSDs of intra-day and inter-day precision were all within 15% and the extraction recoveries of all the constituents were in the range of 81.92% to 104.8%. The time to peak (tmax) of these eight constituents was (2.69±2.02), (5.17±2.04), (0.25±0), (0.83±0.26), (0.92±0.20), (0.92±0.20), (0.58±0.20), and (0.083±0) h, respectively; the half-life (t1/2) of them was (7.85±0.34), (10.16±2.21), (6.79±0.21), (8.32±0.48), (11.05±1.78), (11.56±3.46), (15.30±1.84), and (5.54±1.91) h, respectively; the peak concentration (Cmax) of them was (55.02±1.67), (213.66±4.62), (62.61±0.69), (68.43±1.42), (62.22±0.39), (30.17±1.89), (61.79±4.81), and (38.02±1.75) μg·L⁻¹, respectively. This established method is simple and accurate with good repeatability and strong specificity, which could provide modern experimental basis for modified Xiaochaihu granules in clinical treatment of gastric ulcer.

Objective : To explore the effects of mouth floor approach intubation in the treatment of jaw fracture combined with skull base injury. Methods : From Jan. 2014 to Oct. 2015, 7 cases of jaw fracture combined with skull base injury were selected from Medical center of Stomatology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (FSTCM). All cases were treated with mouth floor approach intubation, because they were not suitable to be given the oral or nasal intubation anesthesia. Results : All the patients healed well after operation, and there was no tube accident or other complications. Conclusions For patients of jaw fracture combined with skull base injury, the mouth floor approach intubation could be recommended as a supplementary choice for traditional intubation methods.