During habitation on low-Earth-orbit (LEO) space stations, astronauts are exposed to a combination of orbital microgravity, space radiation, an enclosed and artificially controlled cabin environment, altered sleep-wake rhythms, and sustained operational and psychosocial demands. These factors can modify sensorimotor inputs, body-fluid distribution, arousal state, and task-related neural processing, thereby affecting brain function and behavior. Because evidence from real spaceflight remains limited by small samples, heterogeneous mission durations, and different measurement time points, this review integrates findings from real human spaceflight with relevant ground-based analog studies while treating real orbital studies as the primary source of evidence. We focus on electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERPs), structural and functional neuroimaging, and sensorimotor and cognitive outcomes, with particular attention to the direction, anatomical distribution, temporal course, and possible physiological significance of the reported changes. EEG studies indicate that long-duration spaceflight is associated with increased resting-state beta activity, particularly in sensorimotor and frontotemporal regions, together with state-dependent alterations in beta-band functional connectivity. In contrast, alpha source power and functional connectivity associated with the default mode network are reduced during long-duration missions, and some of these effects may persist into the early postflight period. Task-related electrophysiological findings further suggest that sustained mental workload can weaken frontocentral theta-temporoparietal gamma phase-amplitude coupling, whereas in-flight decision-making is accompanied by reduced P300 amplitude and reorganization of feedback-related potentials. Short-duration missions, however, have shown relative preservation of posterior dominant rhythms and some ERP measures, indicating that mission duration, recording state, and task demands substantially influence the observed electrophysiological phenotype. Neuroimaging provides complementary evidence at structural and network levels. Long-duration spaceflight has been associated with upward brain displacement, ventricular and cerebrospinal fluid expansion, regional gray- and white-matter remodeling, and alterations in white-matter structural connectivity. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies further indicate reorganization of vestibular-sensorimotor, visual, and default mode networks. Some network changes recover after return to Earth, whereas others may remain detectable for months. Importantly, most MRI measurements are obtained after landing rather than in orbit; therefore, postflight findings may reflect a mixture of in-flight adaptation, the rapid transition back to 1 g, and subsequent readaptation rather than a single spaceflight effect. Behavioral evidence is most consistent for sensorimotor function. Early after return, astronauts frequently show impaired postural control, gait, spatial orientation, and coordination, consistent with reweighting among vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive information. By comparison, simple cognition and some critical operational tasks are often preserved. More subtle or high-load processes-including sustained attention, feedback evaluation, temporal processing, error monitoring, and metacognitive calibration may be more sensitive than global cognitive performance. This dissociation between neural change and preserved behavior suggests that altered brain activity should not automatically be interpreted as functional deterioration. Integrating the available modalities, we propose that LEO space-station habitation is better characterized by system-specific and stage-dependent neural adaptation than by a generalized increase or decline in brain function. The most coherent cross-modal pattern involves sensorimotor reorganization: reduced gravitational reference and weight-bearing feedback under microgravity may drive reweighting of vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive inputs, accompanied by changes in beta activity and vestibular-sensorimotor networks and followed by transient postflight sensorimotor deficits. A second major process involves fluid-related structural remodeling, in which cephalad fluid shifts and altered hydrostatic gradients may contribute to changes in cerebrospinal fluid spaces, ventricular volume, and brain tissue configuration. Resting-state and cognitive electrophysiological changes likely represent additional adjustments in network regulation and resource allocation, but their functional interpretation remains more dependent on sleep, workload, recording conditions, and individual differences. Future studies should move beyond isolated pre-post comparisons and group averages toward standardized longitudinal designs spanning preflight, multiple in-flight time points, and postflight recovery. Synchronized assessment of brain function, behavior, sleep, and key environmental parameters should be used to characterize individual adaptation trajectories and determine which neural changes reflect successful compensation, which predict delayed recovery, and which have genuine value for brain-health risk prediction and individualized countermeasures.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Aim To investigate the effects of daidzeinDD on the proliferation and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells,with a focus on the possible role of the p53 signaling pathway in this regard. Methods CCK-8 method and flow cytometry were used to detect the effects of soy isoflavone crude extract and DD on the viability and apoptosis of HELF and H1299 cells. Gene microarray was used to detect the changes in gene expression after treatment of H1299 cells with DD. GSEA and differential analysis were used to screen the major pathways and key genes. RT-qPCR and Western blot were performed to verify the differences in mRNA and protein expression of key genesp53 and CASP9 in the major pathways. After p53 inhibitor Pifithrin-α inhibited the expression of p53,the effect of DD on p53 mRNA and protein expression levels was examined,and the proliferative effect on H1299 cells was observed. Results Soy isoflavone crude extract and DD promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of normal lung cells and inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of lung cancer cells. p53 signaling pathway was significantly enriched in the DD-treated groupNES=1.78,P=0.000,and the expressions of p53 and CASP9 genes were found to be significantly up-regulated in the treated group. Compared with the control group,mRNA expression of CASP9 and p53 significantly increased in both HELF and H1299 cells treated with DDP<0.05,and p53 protein expression also increased in HELF cellsP<0.05. After inhibition of p53 expression,DD significantly increased the mRNA expression of p53 in H1299 and HELF cellsP<0.05 and also markedly increased the expression of p53 protein in H1299 cellsP<0.05,and it was observed that DD inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer cells. Conclusions DD inhibits the proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of lung cancer H1299 cells,and the mechanism mainly involves the p53 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the curative effect of refined moxibustion, traditional moxa box moxibustion and Chinese patent medicine on the sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease with METHODS: A total of 150 patients with sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease with RESULTS: After treatment, the TCM symptoms, body signs and comprehensive scores of each group were lower than those before treatment ( CONCLUSION Compared with traditional moxa box moxibustion and Chinese patent medicine treatment, refined moxibustion can better improve the symptoms, body signs and quality of life in patients with the sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease of
Acupuncture Points ; Female ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/therapy* ; Qi ; Quality of Life

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical effect of unilateral approach and bilateral decompression via large channel endoscopic system for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. METHODS: The clinical data of 32 patients with lumbar spinal tenosis treated by unilateral approach and bilateral decompression via large channel endoscopy from February 2018 to February 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 18 males and 14 females, aged 65 to 84 years old with an average of (70.6± 8.4) years. The course of disease was from 1 to 12 years. All 32 cases were accompanied by numbness or pain in the lower limbs, of which 28 cases were accompanied by intermittent claudication. Narrow segments were L RESULTS: All the patients were followed up for 12-24 (17.68±2.43) months and all operations were successfully completed with the operation time of 70-160(85.64±11.94) min. Spinal dural tear occurred in 1 case during the operation, and sensory disturbance in the other side of lower limb in a short period of time occurred in 2 cases, all improved after corresponding treatment. Postoperative imaging showed that the spinal canal was significantly enlarged and the nerve root was fully released. Before operation and 3 days, 3 months, 1 year after operation, VAS scores of low back pain were 4.62 ±1.41, 2.73 ±1.35, 1.21 ±1.17, 1.11 ±0.34, respectively;VAS scores of leg pain were 6.83 ± 1.71, 3.10±1.50, 1.08±0.19, 0.89±0.24, respectively. VAS scores of low back pain and leg pain each time point after operation were obvious improved ( CONCLUSION It is a safe and effective way to treat lumbar spinal stenosis with unilateral approach and bilateral decompression via large channel endoscopic system. It has the advantages of sufficient decompression, less trauma, fast recovery, high safety and low incidence of postoperative complications. It can minimize the damage to the stable structure of the lumbar spine and is an ideal minimally invasive operation for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Decompression, Surgical ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery* ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Stenosis/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To study the effect of Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction and its deficiency tonifying and pathogen eliminating components on renal interstitial fibrosis in UUO rats. Method:A rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was established through ligation of a unilateral ureter. The rats were divided into six groups: sham operation group, model group, benazepril group, Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction group, Buxufang group, and phlegm group, with 24 rats in each group. On the third day after operation, the rats in the Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction group, Buxufang group, and phlegm group were given Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction concentrating agent at a dose of 8.0 g·kg^-1·d^-1, the rats in the benazepril group were given benazepril 1.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1, and the rats in the sham operation group and the model group were given the same volume of saline. On the 7^th, 14^th and 21^st days after operation, the expressions of peripheral cells and relevant signal pathway markers in renal tissue were detected by Western blot and Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) respectively. Result:The stromal damage score and the interstitial collagen accumulation on the 14^th and 21^st days after UUO were significantly lower in the Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction group, Buxu prescription group and Qixie prescription group than those in the model group (P<0.05). Except for the sham operation group, the protein expressions of α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), platelet derived growth factor A (PDGFA), nerve/glial type 2 chondroitin sulfate glycoprotein (NG-2), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), platelet-derived growth factor -β (PDGF-β) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) in the kidney tissues of the 14^th and 21^st days were significantly increased compared with those on the 7^th day (P<0.05). On the 21^st day after surgery, the expressions of NG-2, VEGFA, VEGFR1 and PDGFR-β in renal tissue of Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction group were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, relevant expressions of α-SMA, PDGFA, NG-2, VEGFA, VEGFR1, PDGF-β, and PDGFR-β in kidney tissue of Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction group decreased significantly on the 21^st day after operation (P<0.05), and relative expressions of α-SMA, NG-2, VEGFA, VEGFR1 and PDGFR-β in the Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction group were significantly lower than those in the benazepril group on the 21^st day after surgery (P<0.05). Conclusion:Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction and its deficiency tonifying and pathogen eliminating components have an antagonistic effect on renal interstitial fibrosis in UUO rats. Its mechanism is related to the inhibition of activation of peripheral cells and relevant cell signaling pathways.