Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in children and adolescents. The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease published the Atopic Dermatitis Treatment Guideline in 2008, which has been helpful in atopic dermatitis treatment until now. Various reports on the development and effectiveness of new drugs have suggested that there is a need to develop and revise old treatment guidelines. Part 1 aimed to provide evidence-based recommendations for skin care management and topical treatment for atopic dermatitis. Part 2 focuses on systemic treatment, novel therapeutics, and adjuvant therapy. The goal of this guideline is intended to assist front-line doctors treating pediatric and adolescent atopic dermatitis patients make safer, more effective, and more rational decisions regarding systemic treatment, novel therapeutics, and adjuvant therapy by providing evidence-based recommendations with a clear level of evidence and benefit regarding treatment.

Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in children and adolescents. The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease published the Atopic Dermatitis Treatment Guideline in 2008, which has been helpful in atopic dermatitis treatment until now. Various reports on the development and effectiveness of new drugs have suggested that there is a need to develop and revise old treatment guidelines. Part 1 aimed to provide evidence-based recommendations for skin care management and topical treatment for atopic dermatitis. Part 2 focuses on systemic treatment, novel therapeutics, and adjuvant therapy. The goal of this guideline is intended to assist front-line doctors treating pediatric and adolescent atopic dermatitis patients make safer, more effective, and more rational decisions regarding systemic treatment, novel therapeutics, and adjuvant therapy by providing evidence-based recommendations with a clear level of evidence and benefit regarding treatment.

Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in children and adolescents. The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease published the Atopic Dermatitis Treatment Guideline in 2008, which has been helpful in atopic dermatitis treatment until now. Various reports on the development and effectiveness of new drugs have suggested that there is a need to develop and revise old treatment guidelines. Part 1 aimed to provide evidence-based recommendations for skin care management and topical treatment for atopic dermatitis. Part 2 focuses on systemic treatment, novel therapeutics, and adjuvant therapy. The goal of this guideline is intended to assist front-line doctors treating pediatric and adolescent atopic dermatitis patients make safer, more effective, and more rational decisions regarding systemic treatment, novel therapeutics, and adjuvant therapy by providing evidence-based recommendations with a clear level of evidence and benefit regarding treatment.

Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in children and adolescents. The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease published the Atopic Dermatitis Treatment Guideline in 2008, which has been helpful in atopic dermatitis treatment until now. Various reports on the development and effectiveness of new drugs have suggested that there is a need to develop and revise old treatment guidelines. Part 1 aimed to provide evidence-based recommendations for skin care management and topical treatment for atopic dermatitis. Part 2 focuses on systemic treatment, novel therapeutics, and adjuvant therapy. The goal of this guideline is intended to assist front-line doctors treating pediatric and adolescent atopic dermatitis patients make safer, more effective, and more rational decisions regarding systemic treatment, novel therapeutics, and adjuvant therapy by providing evidence-based recommendations with a clear level of evidence and benefit regarding treatment.

Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in children and adolescents. The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease published the Atopic Dermatitis Treatment Guideline in 2008, which has been helpful in atopic dermatitis treatment until now. Various reports on the development and effectiveness of new drugs have suggested that there is a need to develop and revise old treatment guidelines. Part 1 aimed to provide evidence-based recommendations for skin care management and topical treatment for atopic dermatitis. Part 2 focuses on systemic treatment, novel therapeutics, and adjuvant therapy. The goal of this guideline is intended to assist front-line doctors treating pediatric and adolescent atopic dermatitis patients make safer, more effective, and more rational decisions regarding systemic treatment, novel therapeutics, and adjuvant therapy by providing evidence-based recommendations with a clear level of evidence and benefit regarding treatment.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive complication among patients with diabetes and the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are known to play a role in kidney disease, thus this study aimed to determine their role in the development of diabetic kidney disease using diabetic murine models. Results: Protein and histological analyses revealed that db/db mice and streptozotocin DN models expressed no significant NET-related proteins, myeloperoxidase, citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), neutrophil elastase, and lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D (Ly6G). However, the inflamed individuals in the DN model showed that citH3 and Ly6G were highly deposited in the renal system based on immunohistochemistry images. In vitro, NET treatment did not induce apoptosis in glomerular endothelial and renal tubular epithelial cells. NET inhibition by DNase administration demonstrated no significant changes in cell apoptosis. Conclusions NET-related proteins were only expressed in the DN model with tubulointerstitial inflammation. Our study revealed that NETs are only induced in mice with hyperglycemia-induced inflammation.

Incidence of depression increases in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). We evaluated the association between depression and mortality among older patients with ESKD, which has not been studied previously. Methods: This nationwide prospective cohort study included 487 patients with ESKD aged >65 years, who were categorized into minimal, mild-to-moderate, and severe depression groups based on their Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scores. Predisposing factors for high BDI-II scores and the association between the scores and survival were analyzed. Results: The severe depression group showed a higher modified Charlson comorbidity index value and lower serum albumin, phosphate, and uric acid levels than the other depression groups. The Kaplan-Meier curve revealed a significantly lower survival in the severe depression group than in the minimal and mild-to-moderate depression groups (p = 0.011). Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that severe depression was an independent risk factor for mortality in the study cohort (hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.91; p = 0.041). Additionally, BDI-II scores were associated with modified Charlson comorbidity index (p = 0.009) and serum albumin level (p = 0.004) in multivariate linear regression. Among the three depressive symptoms, higher somatic symptom scores were associated with increased mortality. Conclusion: Severe depression among older patients with ESKD increases mortality compared with minimal or mild-to-moderate depression, and patients with concomitant somatic symptoms require careful management of their comorbidities and nutritional status.

Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common chronic skin inflammatory diseases in children. Appropriate treatment is difficult due to chronic course with frequent exacerbations, especially in children. Treatment requires caution due to a lack of safety data and information regarding the long-term prognosis of management strategies. The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease (KAPARD) published the Atopic Dermatitis Treatment Guidelines in 2008, which has been used to direct atopic dermatitis treatment. Accumulating evidence suggests that the guidelines need to be updated regarding bathing methods (duration of bath, temperature, etc.), wet wrap therapy, and topical treatments in line with environmental changes over time and changes in the management strategies of atopic dermatitis. This KAPARD guidelines for atopic dermatitis applied an adaptation based on a systematic review and analysis of selected literature. They are intended to support front-line doctors treating pediatric and adolescent patients with atopic dermatitis in making reasoned, safe, effective empirical treatment decisions. In Part I of the KAPARD guidelines for atopic dermatitis, we included evidence-based skin care management strategies and topical treatment options.

Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common chronic skin inflammatory diseases in children. Appropriate treatment is difficult due to chronic course with frequent exacerbations, especially in children. Treatment requires caution due to a lack of safety data and information regarding the long-term prognosis of management strategies. The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease (KAPARD) published the Atopic Dermatitis Treatment Guidelines in 2008, which has been used to direct atopic dermatitis treatment. Accumulating evidence suggests that the guidelines need to be updated regarding bathing methods (duration of bath, temperature, etc.), wet wrap therapy, and topical treatments in line with environmental changes over time and changes in the management strategies of atopic dermatitis. This KAPARD guidelines for atopic dermatitis applied an adaptation based on a systematic review and analysis of selected literature. They are intended to support front-line doctors treating pediatric and adolescent patients with atopic dermatitis in making reasoned, safe, effective empirical treatment decisions. In Part I of the KAPARD guidelines for atopic dermatitis, we included evidence-based skin care management strategies and topical treatment options.

Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common chronic skin inflammatory diseases in children. Appropriate treatment is difficult due to chronic course with frequent exacerbations, especially in children. Treatment requires caution due to a lack of safety data and information regarding the long-term prognosis of management strategies. The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease (KAPARD) published the Atopic Dermatitis Treatment Guidelines in 2008, which has been used to direct atopic dermatitis treatment. Accumulating evidence suggests that the guidelines need to be updated regarding bathing methods (duration of bath, temperature, etc.), wet wrap therapy, and topical treatments in line with environmental changes over time and changes in the management strategies of atopic dermatitis. This KAPARD guidelines for atopic dermatitis applied an adaptation based on a systematic review and analysis of selected literature. They are intended to support front-line doctors treating pediatric and adolescent patients with atopic dermatitis in making reasoned, safe, effective empirical treatment decisions. In Part I of the KAPARD guidelines for atopic dermatitis, we included evidence-based skin care management strategies and topical treatment options.