Objective: To understand the allocation and use of safety seats for preschool children and explore its related factors, so as to provide a scientific reference for promoting the usage of safety seats. Methods: A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 3 143 parents of preschool children aged 3 to 6 from six kindergartens in Shunyi District, Beijing from January 3 to 10, 2022. An online questionnaire survey was conducted to collect and evaluate the equipment and use of child safety seats in different characteristics of preschool children, as well as their scores of health beliefs. Multiple factor Logistic regression analysis was used to investigated the related factors of safety seat configuration and use. Results: The equipping rate and usage rate of safety seats for preschool children were 66.56% and 58.45%, respectively. The proportion of equipped and used safety seats for preschool children in core families (69.52%, 62.23%) were higher than that in large families (64.35%, 55.62%), only child families ( 72.39 %, 64.87%) were higher than non only child families (61.49%, 52.86%), and urban families (71.63%, 63.04%) were higher than rural families (52.31%, 45.51%) ( χ 2=9.23, 13.86; 41.72, 46.44; 101.96 ,76.97,all P <0.05) . As the educational level of parents ( χ 2 trend =154.23,98.76) and annual income of the family ( χ 2 trend =155.78,127.69) rised, the reporting rates of the equipped and used child safety seats in the family also increased(all P <0.05 ). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of different dimensions of health beliefs for the provision ( t =-20.22-18.16) and use ( t =24.32-24.17) of safety seats for preschool children(all P <0.05). After adjusting for child sex, child age, family annual income, parental education level, family type, whether the child was an only child, and place of residence，multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that preschool children with higher perceived susceptibility score( OR =1.11, 1.08), higher self efficacy score( OR =1.23, 1.33), and higher suggestive factors score( OR =1.08, 1.12) were more likely to have and use safety seats in their families, while preschool children with higher perceived impairments score( OR =0.82, 0.80) were less likely to have and use safety seats in their families (all P <0.05). Conclusions The installation rate of child safety seats needs to be improved, and there is also a certain gap in their use after installation. Parents of preschool children should improve susceptibility and self efficacy to safety seat equipment and use, and perceptual barriers should be reduced.

As the core vehicle for preserving and transmitting traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） academic thought and clinical experience， the establishment of a robust quality evaluation system for TCM clinical case reports is a crucial component in the current standardization and modernization of TCM. Based on the practical experience of constructing the China Clinical Cases Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of critical challenges， including insufficient authenticity and unfocused evaluation criteria. It proposed a three-dimensional evaluation framework grounded in the structure-process-outcome logic， encompassing three dimensions of authenticity and standardization， characteristics and advantages， application and translational impact. This framework integrated 12 key evaluation indicators in a systematic manner. The model preserved the academic characteristics of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment， while aligning with modern scientific research standards， achieving a balance between individualized TCM experience and standardized evaluation. Concurrently， this study provided theoretical foundations and methodological guidance for evaluating the quality of TCM clinical cases， contributing significantly to the inheritance of TCM knowledge， evidence-based practice， and the reform of talent evaluation mechanisms.

Objective To explore the recognition capabilities of electronic nose combined with machine learning in identifying the breath odor map of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome elements. Methods The study design was a single-center observational study. General data and four diagnostic information were collected from 108 patients with pulmonary nodules admitted to the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM from April 2023 to March 2024. The patients' TCM disease location and nature distribution characteristics were analyzed using the syndrome differentiation method. The Cyranose 320 electronic nose was used to collect the odor profiles of oral exhalation, and five machine learning algorithms including random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) were employed to identify the exhaled breath profiles of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules and different TCM syndromes. Results (1) The common disease locations in pulmonary nodules were ranked in descending order as liver, lung, and kidney; the common disease natures were ranked in descending order as Yin deficiency, phlegm, dampness, Qi stagnation, and blood deficiency. (2) The electronic nose combined with the RF algorithm had the best efficacy in identifying the exhaled breath profiles of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules, with an AUC of 0.91, accuracy of 86.36%, specificity of 75.00%, and sensitivity of 92.85%. (3) The electronic nose combined with RF, LR, or XGBoost algorithms could effectively identify the different TCM disease locations and natures of pulmonary nodules, with classification accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity generally exceeding 80.00%.Conclusion Electronic nose combined with machine learning not only has the potential capabilities to differentiate the benign and malignant pulmonary nodules, but also provides new technologies and methods for the objective diagnosis of TCM syndromes in pulmonary nodules.

OBJECTIVE To establish a pharmaceutical management model for infusion safety in hospitalized inpatients and ensure the safety of drug use. METHODS Our hospital established the standardized management process for infusion scheme， formulated rules for compatibility contraindications in drug combinations. In the form of embedded hospital official account, the infusion scheme and medication guidance WeChat developed by pharmacists are pushed to the mobile phone of inpatients, providing electronic medication guidance services for patients, and forming a pharmaceutical management model for infusion safety of inpatients. RESULTS Our hospital provided a total of 45 291 inpatients with pharmaceutical services including the formulation of individualized infusion scheme and WeChat push infusion scheme and medication guidance as of December 2023. After the implementation of the management model， the intervention rate of pharmacists on the compatibility contraindications in drug combination of long-term medical orders for inpatients increased from 18.25% before implementation to 90.58% （P＜0.01）， and the satisfaction rate of inpatients increased from 87.50% to 94.50% （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The pharmaceutical management model for infusion safety of hospitalized patients integrates pharmaceutical services throughout the entire process of intravenous medication treatment. Pharmacists can participate in the management of infusion usage while providing qualified finished infusion products, achieving closed-loop management of pharmaceutical services, improving the hospital’s pharmaceutical service capabilities and patient satisfaction, and providing guarantees for the safety and effectiveness of patient medication.

[Objective] To use Platelet Additive Solution Ⅲ M to suspend concentrated platelets and evaluate their quality at different storage periods, in order to investigate the optimal ratio of Ⅲ M to plasma in the medium for storing concentrated platelets. [Methods] Disposable plastic blood bags with platelet storage bags were used to collect whole blood from healthy voluntary blood donors, and concentrated platelets were collected by plasma-rich method, with a volume of about 50 mL and ≥4.0×10¹⁰ platelets contained in each bag. According to the Platelet Addictive Solution ⅢM/plasma volume ratio in the medium of suspended platelets, the platelets were divided into 3 groups: control group (plasma only), experimental group 1(Platelet Addictive Solution ⅢM/plasma volume ratio of 6.5∶3.5) and experimental group 2 (low plasma group, Platelet Addictive Solution ⅢM/plasma volume ratio of 9∶1), each group of 50 samples. Three groups of platelets were stored at (22±2) ℃ at a flat-bed shaker, and 5 mL were sampled by sterile connection at day 1, 3, 5 and 7 respectively to detect platelet count, pH value, lactate dehydrogenase, CD62P positive rate and Annexin V positive rate. All the data were analyzed with SPSS24.0 software. One-way ANOVA was employed to compare the differences among three groups. In order to pairwise comparisons between means of multiple samples, Bonferroni method was applied. [Results] With the extension of storage time, the platelet count decreased and the Annexin V positive rate increased in the 3 groups, and the difference of the 3 groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The pH value decreased in the 3 groups, with values at day 1, 3, 5 and 7 of 7.44±0.13 vs 7.44±0.14 vs 7.41±0.11, 7.31±0.68 vs 7.43±0.23 vs 7.22±0.12, 7.30±0.15 vs 7.42±0.14 vs 7.17±0.12, 7.29±0.33 vs 7.26±0.18 vs 7.04 ± 0.12, respectively. The pH decline in the control group and experiment group 1 was minor, with no statistically significant difference, but experiment group 2 showed relatively larger decreases in day 5 and day 7, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). LDH concentrate was elevated in 3 groups (mmol/L), with values at day 1,3,5 and 7 of 169.62±99.33 vs 105.80±150.71 vs 77.14±105.38, 225.10±112.86 vs 116.00±72.77 vs 94.42±88.74, 249.42±79.55 vs 119.00±53.51 vs 118.35±80.39, 253.34±86.95 vs 147.71±90.71 vs 124.68±128.68 respectively. Compared with the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Experimental group1 had the smallest increase; CD62P positive rate increased in 3 groups (%), with values at day 1, 3, 5 and 7 of 26.22±11.74 vs 23.48±12.48 vs 40.49±11.86, 41.29±8.36 vs 33.53±25.64 vs 50.42±22.36, 59.59±10.13 vs 36.39±23.10 vs 50.94±20.50, 72.92±15.44 vs 55.54±23.65 vs 61.89±18.82 respectively. Compared with the control group, the increase in experiment group1 was smaller, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). [Conclusion] Platelet Addictive Solution ⅢM/plasma volume ratio of 6.5∶3.5 is superior to traditional plasma in maintaining platelet quality during the in vitro preservation period of platelets.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-utility of switching to gemcitabine maintenance therapy for patients with unresectable malignant mesothelioma after first-line chemotherapy from the perspective of China’s healthcare system. METHODS A partitioned survival model was constructed based on data from the NVALT19 trial， with a cycle length of 21 days， a time horizon of 10 years， and a discount rate of 5%. Key model outputs included total costs， quality-adjusted life year （QALY）， incremental costs， and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio （ICER）， etc. Cost-utility analysis was conducted to evaluate the cost- effectiveness of gemcitabine maintenance therapy （gemcitabine group） plan versus best supportive care （supportive care group） plan for the patients with unresectable malignant mesothelioma after first-line chemotherapy. Sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS Compared with the supportive care group plan， the gemcitabine group plan had an ICER of 54 860.50 yuan/QALY， which was significantly lower than the willingness-to-pay （WTP） threshold （3 times China’s 2023 per capita gross domestic product， 268 077 yuan/QALY）， indicating that gemcitabine group plan was cost-effective. One-way sensitivity analysis revealed that end-of-life care costs and adverse event management costs in the gemcitabine group had the greatest impact on ICER. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed gemcitabine group plan was 100% cost-effective when WTP exceeded 270 000 yuan/QALY. CONCLUSIONS From the perspective of China’s healthcare system， switching to gemcitabine maintenance therapy after first-line chemotherapy is cost-effective for unresectable malignant mesothelioma.

Background and Objectives: The Fractional Flow Reserve and Intravascular UltrasoundGuided Intervention Strategy for Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Intermediate Stenosis (FLAVOUR) trial demonstrated non-inferiority of fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided PCI. We sought to investigate the cost-effectiveness of FFR-guided PCI compared to IVUS-guided PCI in Korea. Methods: A 2-part cost-effectiveness model, composed of a short-term decision tree model and a long-term Markov model, was developed for patients who underwent PCI to treat intermediate stenosis (40% to 70% stenosis by visual estimation on coronary angiography).The lifetime healthcare costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated from the healthcare system perspective. Transition probabilities were mainly referred from the FLAVOUR trial, and healthcare costs were mainly obtained through analysis of Korean National Health Insurance claims data. Health utilities were mainly obtained from the Seattle Angina Questionnaire responses of FLAVOUR trial participants mapped to EQ-5D. Results: From the Korean healthcare system perspective, the base-case analysis showed that FFR-guided PCI was 2,451 U.S. dollar lower in lifetime healthcare costs and 0.178 higher in QALYs compared to IVUS-guided PCI. FFR-guided PCI remained more likely to be cost-effective over a wide range of willingness-to-pay thresholds in the probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Based on the results from the FLAVOUR trial, FFR-guided PCI is projected to decrease lifetime healthcare costs and increase QALYs compared with IVUS-guided PCI in intermediate coronary lesion, and it is a dominant strategy in Korea.

Background and Objectives: The Fractional Flow Reserve and Intravascular UltrasoundGuided Intervention Strategy for Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Intermediate Stenosis (FLAVOUR) trial demonstrated non-inferiority of fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided PCI. We sought to investigate the cost-effectiveness of FFR-guided PCI compared to IVUS-guided PCI in Korea. Methods: A 2-part cost-effectiveness model, composed of a short-term decision tree model and a long-term Markov model, was developed for patients who underwent PCI to treat intermediate stenosis (40% to 70% stenosis by visual estimation on coronary angiography).The lifetime healthcare costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated from the healthcare system perspective. Transition probabilities were mainly referred from the FLAVOUR trial, and healthcare costs were mainly obtained through analysis of Korean National Health Insurance claims data. Health utilities were mainly obtained from the Seattle Angina Questionnaire responses of FLAVOUR trial participants mapped to EQ-5D. Results: From the Korean healthcare system perspective, the base-case analysis showed that FFR-guided PCI was 2,451 U.S. dollar lower in lifetime healthcare costs and 0.178 higher in QALYs compared to IVUS-guided PCI. FFR-guided PCI remained more likely to be cost-effective over a wide range of willingness-to-pay thresholds in the probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Based on the results from the FLAVOUR trial, FFR-guided PCI is projected to decrease lifetime healthcare costs and increase QALYs compared with IVUS-guided PCI in intermediate coronary lesion, and it is a dominant strategy in Korea.

Background and Objectives: The Fractional Flow Reserve and Intravascular UltrasoundGuided Intervention Strategy for Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Intermediate Stenosis (FLAVOUR) trial demonstrated non-inferiority of fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided PCI. We sought to investigate the cost-effectiveness of FFR-guided PCI compared to IVUS-guided PCI in Korea. Methods: A 2-part cost-effectiveness model, composed of a short-term decision tree model and a long-term Markov model, was developed for patients who underwent PCI to treat intermediate stenosis (40% to 70% stenosis by visual estimation on coronary angiography).The lifetime healthcare costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated from the healthcare system perspective. Transition probabilities were mainly referred from the FLAVOUR trial, and healthcare costs were mainly obtained through analysis of Korean National Health Insurance claims data. Health utilities were mainly obtained from the Seattle Angina Questionnaire responses of FLAVOUR trial participants mapped to EQ-5D. Results: From the Korean healthcare system perspective, the base-case analysis showed that FFR-guided PCI was 2,451 U.S. dollar lower in lifetime healthcare costs and 0.178 higher in QALYs compared to IVUS-guided PCI. FFR-guided PCI remained more likely to be cost-effective over a wide range of willingness-to-pay thresholds in the probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Based on the results from the FLAVOUR trial, FFR-guided PCI is projected to decrease lifetime healthcare costs and increase QALYs compared with IVUS-guided PCI in intermediate coronary lesion, and it is a dominant strategy in Korea.

Background and Objectives: The Fractional Flow Reserve and Intravascular UltrasoundGuided Intervention Strategy for Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Intermediate Stenosis (FLAVOUR) trial demonstrated non-inferiority of fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided PCI. We sought to investigate the cost-effectiveness of FFR-guided PCI compared to IVUS-guided PCI in Korea. Methods: A 2-part cost-effectiveness model, composed of a short-term decision tree model and a long-term Markov model, was developed for patients who underwent PCI to treat intermediate stenosis (40% to 70% stenosis by visual estimation on coronary angiography).The lifetime healthcare costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated from the healthcare system perspective. Transition probabilities were mainly referred from the FLAVOUR trial, and healthcare costs were mainly obtained through analysis of Korean National Health Insurance claims data. Health utilities were mainly obtained from the Seattle Angina Questionnaire responses of FLAVOUR trial participants mapped to EQ-5D. Results: From the Korean healthcare system perspective, the base-case analysis showed that FFR-guided PCI was 2,451 U.S. dollar lower in lifetime healthcare costs and 0.178 higher in QALYs compared to IVUS-guided PCI. FFR-guided PCI remained more likely to be cost-effective over a wide range of willingness-to-pay thresholds in the probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Based on the results from the FLAVOUR trial, FFR-guided PCI is projected to decrease lifetime healthcare costs and increase QALYs compared with IVUS-guided PCI in intermediate coronary lesion, and it is a dominant strategy in Korea.