Purpose: Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is a rare subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Radiation therapy (RT) has served as the primary treatment option for PMBCL; however, its role has been questioned with the advent of intensified immunochemotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the role of consolidative RT in the primary treatment of PMBCL. Methods: This single-center retrospective study analyzed the survival outcomes of 65 patients newly diagnosed with PMBCL. The patients were divided into three treatment groups: (1) EPOCH-R (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab), (2) R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone), and (3) R-CHOP with consolidative RT. Results: The objective response and complete remission rates were 86.2% and 63.1%, respectively, with 3-year pro‑ gression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates of 72% and 81%, respectively. All patients in the R-CHOP + RT group achieved an objective response with better PFS) than those who did not receive consolidative RT (p = 0.028), although there was no significant difference in OS (p = 0.102). Consolidative RT benefited patients with an initially bulky disease or insufficient end-of-treatment response. The predictive value of  18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positronemission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in assessing the treatment response in PMBCL was revali‑ dated, showing that patients who achieved negative end-of-treatment PET-CT had significantly better survival outcomes than others. Conclusions R-CHOP is a useful alternative regimen when intensified chemotherapy is not feasible. Consolidative RT should be considered in cases with an initially bulky disease and insufficient end-of-treatment response.

Background/Aims: Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) remain the cornerstone of anti-inflammatory therapy, targeting both the large and small airways. Methods: This randomized open-label crossover trial included 30 patients receiving step 3 inhaled medication according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Patients received beclomethasone/formoterol (BDP/F) for maintenance and reliever therapy for 6 weeks, followed by budesonide/formoterol (BUD/F) for 6 weeks, or vice versa, with a 4-week washout period in between. Assessments at each visit included the Asthma Control Test (ACT), Asthma Control Questionnaire, Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adult Korean Asthmatics, and pulmonary function test. The primary endpoint was the change in forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25–75% pred). Results: Twenty-four patients (15 females, mean age 39.3 years) completed the study. The changes in FEF25–75% pred were comparable between BDP/F and BUD/F (5.79 ± 38.34 vs. -1.36 ± 14.93, p = 0.399). No significant differences were observed between the BDP/F and BUD/F groups in terms of improvement in asthma control or quality of life. However, in the subgroup of patients with positive methacholine bronchial provocation tests, BDP/F significantly improved ACT scores compared to BUD/F (0.92 ± 2.25 vs. -1.31 ± 3.04, p = 0.044). Conclusions Our study demonstrated that extrafine ICS treatment provided no significant advantage over non-extrafine ICS in improving small airway obstruction or overall asthma control in moderate asthma. This suggests that factors other than particle size may contribute to treatment outcomes.

Purpose: Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is a rare subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Radiation therapy (RT) has served as the primary treatment option for PMBCL; however, its role has been questioned with the advent of intensified immunochemotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the role of consolidative RT in the primary treatment of PMBCL. Methods: This single-center retrospective study analyzed the survival outcomes of 65 patients newly diagnosed with PMBCL. The patients were divided into three treatment groups: (1) EPOCH-R (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab), (2) R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone), and (3) R-CHOP with consolidative RT. Results: The objective response and complete remission rates were 86.2% and 63.1%, respectively, with 3-year pro‑ gression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates of 72% and 81%, respectively. All patients in the R-CHOP + RT group achieved an objective response with better PFS) than those who did not receive consolidative RT (p = 0.028), although there was no significant difference in OS (p = 0.102). Consolidative RT benefited patients with an initially bulky disease or insufficient end-of-treatment response. The predictive value of  18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positronemission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in assessing the treatment response in PMBCL was revali‑ dated, showing that patients who achieved negative end-of-treatment PET-CT had significantly better survival outcomes than others. Conclusions R-CHOP is a useful alternative regimen when intensified chemotherapy is not feasible. Consolidative RT should be considered in cases with an initially bulky disease and insufficient end-of-treatment response.

Background/Aims: Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) remain the cornerstone of anti-inflammatory therapy, targeting both the large and small airways. Methods: This randomized open-label crossover trial included 30 patients receiving step 3 inhaled medication according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Patients received beclomethasone/formoterol (BDP/F) for maintenance and reliever therapy for 6 weeks, followed by budesonide/formoterol (BUD/F) for 6 weeks, or vice versa, with a 4-week washout period in between. Assessments at each visit included the Asthma Control Test (ACT), Asthma Control Questionnaire, Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adult Korean Asthmatics, and pulmonary function test. The primary endpoint was the change in forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25–75% pred). Results: Twenty-four patients (15 females, mean age 39.3 years) completed the study. The changes in FEF25–75% pred were comparable between BDP/F and BUD/F (5.79 ± 38.34 vs. -1.36 ± 14.93, p = 0.399). No significant differences were observed between the BDP/F and BUD/F groups in terms of improvement in asthma control or quality of life. However, in the subgroup of patients with positive methacholine bronchial provocation tests, BDP/F significantly improved ACT scores compared to BUD/F (0.92 ± 2.25 vs. -1.31 ± 3.04, p = 0.044). Conclusions Our study demonstrated that extrafine ICS treatment provided no significant advantage over non-extrafine ICS in improving small airway obstruction or overall asthma control in moderate asthma. This suggests that factors other than particle size may contribute to treatment outcomes.

Purpose: Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is a rare subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Radiation therapy (RT) has served as the primary treatment option for PMBCL; however, its role has been questioned with the advent of intensified immunochemotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the role of consolidative RT in the primary treatment of PMBCL. Methods: This single-center retrospective study analyzed the survival outcomes of 65 patients newly diagnosed with PMBCL. The patients were divided into three treatment groups: (1) EPOCH-R (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab), (2) R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone), and (3) R-CHOP with consolidative RT. Results: The objective response and complete remission rates were 86.2% and 63.1%, respectively, with 3-year pro‑ gression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates of 72% and 81%, respectively. All patients in the R-CHOP + RT group achieved an objective response with better PFS) than those who did not receive consolidative RT (p = 0.028), although there was no significant difference in OS (p = 0.102). Consolidative RT benefited patients with an initially bulky disease or insufficient end-of-treatment response. The predictive value of  18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positronemission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in assessing the treatment response in PMBCL was revali‑ dated, showing that patients who achieved negative end-of-treatment PET-CT had significantly better survival outcomes than others. Conclusions R-CHOP is a useful alternative regimen when intensified chemotherapy is not feasible. Consolidative RT should be considered in cases with an initially bulky disease and insufficient end-of-treatment response.

Background/Aims: Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) remain the cornerstone of anti-inflammatory therapy, targeting both the large and small airways. Methods: This randomized open-label crossover trial included 30 patients receiving step 3 inhaled medication according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Patients received beclomethasone/formoterol (BDP/F) for maintenance and reliever therapy for 6 weeks, followed by budesonide/formoterol (BUD/F) for 6 weeks, or vice versa, with a 4-week washout period in between. Assessments at each visit included the Asthma Control Test (ACT), Asthma Control Questionnaire, Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adult Korean Asthmatics, and pulmonary function test. The primary endpoint was the change in forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25–75% pred). Results: Twenty-four patients (15 females, mean age 39.3 years) completed the study. The changes in FEF25–75% pred were comparable between BDP/F and BUD/F (5.79 ± 38.34 vs. -1.36 ± 14.93, p = 0.399). No significant differences were observed between the BDP/F and BUD/F groups in terms of improvement in asthma control or quality of life. However, in the subgroup of patients with positive methacholine bronchial provocation tests, BDP/F significantly improved ACT scores compared to BUD/F (0.92 ± 2.25 vs. -1.31 ± 3.04, p = 0.044). Conclusions Our study demonstrated that extrafine ICS treatment provided no significant advantage over non-extrafine ICS in improving small airway obstruction or overall asthma control in moderate asthma. This suggests that factors other than particle size may contribute to treatment outcomes.

Background/Aims: Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) remain the cornerstone of anti-inflammatory therapy, targeting both the large and small airways. Methods: This randomized open-label crossover trial included 30 patients receiving step 3 inhaled medication according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Patients received beclomethasone/formoterol (BDP/F) for maintenance and reliever therapy for 6 weeks, followed by budesonide/formoterol (BUD/F) for 6 weeks, or vice versa, with a 4-week washout period in between. Assessments at each visit included the Asthma Control Test (ACT), Asthma Control Questionnaire, Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adult Korean Asthmatics, and pulmonary function test. The primary endpoint was the change in forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25–75% pred). Results: Twenty-four patients (15 females, mean age 39.3 years) completed the study. The changes in FEF25–75% pred were comparable between BDP/F and BUD/F (5.79 ± 38.34 vs. -1.36 ± 14.93, p = 0.399). No significant differences were observed between the BDP/F and BUD/F groups in terms of improvement in asthma control or quality of life. However, in the subgroup of patients with positive methacholine bronchial provocation tests, BDP/F significantly improved ACT scores compared to BUD/F (0.92 ± 2.25 vs. -1.31 ± 3.04, p = 0.044). Conclusions Our study demonstrated that extrafine ICS treatment provided no significant advantage over non-extrafine ICS in improving small airway obstruction or overall asthma control in moderate asthma. This suggests that factors other than particle size may contribute to treatment outcomes.