Objective: To translate the Menopause Perception Scale (MPS) into Chinese, and evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the MPS. Methods: The MPS was translated back-translated, culturally adapted and pre-tested according to the Brislin translation model to develop the Chinese version of MPS. The menopausal women from five communities were selected using simple random sampling to assess the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of MPS. Content validity was evaluated based on expert ratings, criterion-related validity was evaluated using the Chinese version of the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) as the criterion. Structural validity was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's α, and split-half reliability and test-retest reliability were calculated. Results: Totally 430 questionnaires were allocated, and 414 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 96.28%. The Chinese version of the MPS consisted of 18 items across four dimensions: acceptance, sexual perception, normalization, and support perception. The item-level content validity index ranged from 0.833 to 1.000, and the scale-level content validity index average was 0.924. The correlation coefficients between the scores of each dimension and the total scores of the Chinese version of the MPS and the Chinese version of the MRS ranged from 0.529 to 0.790 (all P<0.05). Exploratory factor analysis extracted four common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 64.502%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed good model fit, with a root mean square error of approximation of 0.052, root mean square residual of 0.053, comparative fit index of 0.958, Tucker-Lewis index of 0.950, goodness of fit index of 0.908, incremental fit index of 0.958, and relative fit index of 0.884. The Cronbach's α of the Chinese version of the MPS was 0.916, the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.845, and the test-retest reliability was 0.906. Conclusion The Chinese version of the MPS demonstrates good reliability and validity, and can be used to assess the perceptions and attitudes of menopausal women in China toward menopause.

BACKGROUND: Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is indicated as a broad-spectrum medicine for a variety of diseases, including cancer and cardiac disease. While the role of ATO in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) has not been reported. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the effects of ATO on HIRI. METHODS: In the present study, we established a 70% hepatic warm I/R injury and partial hepatectomy (30% resection) animal models in vivo and hepatocytes anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) models in vitro with ATO pretreatment and further assessed liver function by histopathologic changes, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cell counting kit-8, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 was transfected to evaluate the role of ERK1/2 pathway during HIRI, followed by ATO pretreatment. The dynamic process of autophagic flux and numbers of autophagosomes were detected by green fluorescent protein-monomeric red fluorescent protein-LC3 (GFP-mRFP-LC3) staining and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: A low dose of ATO (0.75 μmol/L in vitro and 1 mg/kg in vivo ) significantly reduced tissue necrosis, inflammatory infiltration, and hepatocyte apoptosis during the process of hepatic I/R. Meanwhile, ATO obviously promoted the ability of cell proliferation and liver regeneration. Mechanistically, in vitro  studies have shown that nontoxic concentrations of ATO can activate both ERK and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-serine/threonine kinase (PI3K-AKT) pathways and further induce autophagy. The hepatoprotective mechanism of ATO, at least in part, relies on the effects of ATO on the activation of autophagy, which is ERK-dependent. CONCLUSION Low, non-toxic doses of ATO can activate ERK/PI3K-AKT pathways and induce ERK-dependent autophagy in hepatocytes, protecting liver against I/R injury and accelerating hepatocyte regeneration after partial hepatectomy.
Animals ; Arsenic Trioxide ; Autophagy/physiology* ; Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control* ; Mice ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/physiology* ; Arsenicals/therapeutic use* ; Oxides/therapeutic use* ; Liver/metabolism* ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of sleep interruption(SI)cycles on emotional behavior in ICR mice,and to establish a mouse model of comorbid anxiety and depression induced by SI.Methods Seventy-two male ICR mice(4～5 weeks old)were divided randomly into a blank group and a model group.Mice in the model group were subjected to SI stress modeling for 1,2,and 3 weeks,respectively.After modeling,emotional behaviors were evaluated using open-field,elevated plus maze,light-dark box,marble-burying,and forced-swimming tests.Serum corticosterone levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Mice in the model group buried significantly more marbles after 1 week of SI stress,compared with the blank group(P＜0.05).After 2 weeks of stress,mice in the model group also showed a significant decrease in the number of crossings in the light-dark box(P＜0.05)and a significant increase in the number of marbles buried(P＜0.01)compared with the control group.After 3 weeks of stress,mice in the model group showed a significant increase in the number of marbles buried(P＜0.05),a significant decrease in the number of crossings in the light-dark box(P＜0.05),and a significant increase in immobility time in the forced-swim test(P＜0.01).Conclusions ICR mice exhibited significant anxiety-related behaviors after 2 weeks of SI modeling and significant anxiety-and depressive-related behavioral changes after 3 weeks.Three weeks of SI stress can be used to establish a model of comorbid anxiety and depression.

Objective:To explore the relationship between stress perception and problematic short video use among college students, as well as the chain mediating role of mind wandering and self-control.Methods:From October to November 2023, a cross-sectional survey of 434 college students was conducted by the stress perception scale, the problematic short video media use scale, the mind wandering scale and the self-control scale. Common method bias test, descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were performed using SPSS 27.0 statistical software, and Bootstrap method of PROCESS 4.0 macro program was used for chain mediation effect test.Results:The scores of stress perception, mind wandering, self-control and problematic short video use were (38.03±7.28), (16.08±4.71), (64.27±10.34), and (36.80±8.70).Pearson correlation analysis showed that stress perception, mind wandering and problematic short video use were significantly positively correlated ( r=0.35, 0.43, 0.57, all P<0.01). Stress perception, mind wandering and problematic short video use were significantly negatively correlated with self-control ( r=-0.55, -0.59, -0.54, all P<0.01). The mediating effect results showed that direct effect was not significant ( P>0.05), and mind wandering and self-control played complete mediating effects.Stress perception affected the problematic short video use through the following three pathways: the mediating effect size of mind wandering was 0.202 (95% CI=0.134-0.276). The effect size of self-control was 0.133 (95% CI=0.078-0.198). The chain mediating effect size of mind wandering and self-control was 0.069 (95% CI=0.040-0.104). Conclusion:Stress perception can indirectly affect the problematic short video use through the complete chain mediation of mind wandering and self-control.

Objective To provide a comprehensive review of the modeling method of the empty bottle stimulation(EBS)anxiety model,including commonly used experimental animal strains and genders,animal grouping,modeling procedures,modeling duration,primary behavioral evaluation method,and the underlying pathological mechanisms.This aims to offer a reference for the application of the EBS anxiety model in anxiety disorder research.Methods Searches were conducted in databases such as CNKI and PubMed to collect all literature related to the EBS anxiety model,which were then systematically summarized and organized.Results(1)Male adult SD or Wistar rats are predominantly used as experimental animals;(2)The optimal modeling period is 2 weeks;(3)Behavioral evaluations primarily utilize the open field test,elevated plus maze test,and light-dark box test;(4)Pathological mechanisms involve abnormal neurotransmitter metabolism in brain regions such as the hippocampus,prefrontal cortex,and amygdala.Conclusions The EBS anxiety model exhibits an anxiety-like behavioral phenotype and associated neurobiological mechanisms,validating its utility as an animal model for the study of anxiety disorders.However,further exploration and refinement are required for its standardized construction protocol and the understanding of its mechanistic underpinnings.

Objective:To explore the relationship between stress perception and problematic short video use among college students, as well as the chain mediating role of mind wandering and self-control.Methods:From October to November 2023, a cross-sectional survey of 434 college students was conducted by the stress perception scale, the problematic short video media use scale, the mind wandering scale and the self-control scale. Common method bias test, descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were performed using SPSS 27.0 statistical software, and Bootstrap method of PROCESS 4.0 macro program was used for chain mediation effect test.Results:The scores of stress perception, mind wandering, self-control and problematic short video use were (38.03±7.28), (16.08±4.71), (64.27±10.34), and (36.80±8.70).Pearson correlation analysis showed that stress perception, mind wandering and problematic short video use were significantly positively correlated ( r=0.35, 0.43, 0.57, all P<0.01). Stress perception, mind wandering and problematic short video use were significantly negatively correlated with self-control ( r=-0.55, -0.59, -0.54, all P<0.01). The mediating effect results showed that direct effect was not significant ( P>0.05), and mind wandering and self-control played complete mediating effects.Stress perception affected the problematic short video use through the following three pathways: the mediating effect size of mind wandering was 0.202 (95% CI=0.134-0.276). The effect size of self-control was 0.133 (95% CI=0.078-0.198). The chain mediating effect size of mind wandering and self-control was 0.069 (95% CI=0.040-0.104). Conclusion:Stress perception can indirectly affect the problematic short video use through the complete chain mediation of mind wandering and self-control.

Objective To provide a comprehensive review of the modeling method of the empty bottle stimulation(EBS)anxiety model,including commonly used experimental animal strains and genders,animal grouping,modeling procedures,modeling duration,primary behavioral evaluation method,and the underlying pathological mechanisms.This aims to offer a reference for the application of the EBS anxiety model in anxiety disorder research.Methods Searches were conducted in databases such as CNKI and PubMed to collect all literature related to the EBS anxiety model,which were then systematically summarized and organized.Results(1)Male adult SD or Wistar rats are predominantly used as experimental animals;(2)The optimal modeling period is 2 weeks;(3)Behavioral evaluations primarily utilize the open field test,elevated plus maze test,and light-dark box test;(4)Pathological mechanisms involve abnormal neurotransmitter metabolism in brain regions such as the hippocampus,prefrontal cortex,and amygdala.Conclusions The EBS anxiety model exhibits an anxiety-like behavioral phenotype and associated neurobiological mechanisms,validating its utility as an animal model for the study of anxiety disorders.However,further exploration and refinement are required for its standardized construction protocol and the understanding of its mechanistic underpinnings.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of sleep interruption(SI)cycles on emotional behavior in ICR mice,and to establish a mouse model of comorbid anxiety and depression induced by SI.Methods Seventy-two male ICR mice(4～5 weeks old)were divided randomly into a blank group and a model group.Mice in the model group were subjected to SI stress modeling for 1,2,and 3 weeks,respectively.After modeling,emotional behaviors were evaluated using open-field,elevated plus maze,light-dark box,marble-burying,and forced-swimming tests.Serum corticosterone levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Mice in the model group buried significantly more marbles after 1 week of SI stress,compared with the blank group(P＜0.05).After 2 weeks of stress,mice in the model group also showed a significant decrease in the number of crossings in the light-dark box(P＜0.05)and a significant increase in the number of marbles buried(P＜0.01)compared with the control group.After 3 weeks of stress,mice in the model group showed a significant increase in the number of marbles buried(P＜0.05),a significant decrease in the number of crossings in the light-dark box(P＜0.05),and a significant increase in immobility time in the forced-swim test(P＜0.01).Conclusions ICR mice exhibited significant anxiety-related behaviors after 2 weeks of SI modeling and significant anxiety-and depressive-related behavioral changes after 3 weeks.Three weeks of SI stress can be used to establish a model of comorbid anxiety and depression.

[Objective] To summarize the clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics, treatment options and prognosis of the world's first case of prostate ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) complicated with prostate mucinous adenocarcinoma (PMA). [Methods] The clinical and follow-up data of a patient with PDA and PMA treated in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University were retrospectively analyzed, and relevant literature in PubMed and CNKI databases was retrieved. [Results] The patient sought medical attention due to dysuria, frequent urination, urinary urgency and urinary pain for more than half a year, and was admitted to hospital 3 times in total.The initial diagnosis upon the first admission was benign prostatic hyperplasia complicated with prostatic abscess.After 2 months, the patient was readmitted due to worsening symptoms, received transurethral bladder neck incision+ cystoscopy+ transurethral plasma resection of the prostate, and postoperative diagnosis confirmed PDA with local PMA.Three months after surgery, the patient had bleeding.After auxiliary examinations revealed extensive metastasis, he received hormonal therapy.After 9 months, the patient died due to multiple lung metastases. [Conclusion] Early diagnosis has a significant impact on the treatment and prognosis, but there have been no previous reports of PDA combined with PMA, so the lack of specific biomarkers in the early stage has led to missed diagnosis or misdiagnoses.There is no specific treatment for PDA with PMA. Radical prostatectomy was not satisfactory in the treatment of this case.

Objective: To investigate the antidepressant effects of Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix, PR) aqueous extract on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression rat models and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: A total of 40 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control, model, low dose of PR (PR-L, 0.5 g/kg), high dose of PR (PR-H, 1 g/kg), and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) groups, with 8 rats in each group. Except for the rats in control group, those in the other four groups underwent CUMS-induced depression modeling. PR and fluoxetine were administered intragastrically once daily, 30 min prior to the CUMS procedure, for 14 consecutive days until the behavioral tests were performed. After CUMS modeling, the sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT), novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT), forced swim test (FST), and tail suspension test (TST) were employed to assess the pharmacological effects of PR on the mitigation of depressive-like behaviors in rat models. Additionally, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to quantify the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β in the rats. Western blot analysis was also conducted to evaluate the protein expression levels of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and caspase-1 in the hippocampal tissues of the rats. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to observe the morphological changes in ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1positive (Iba-1+) cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of rats with CUMS-induced depression. Result: (i) Treatment with PR-H and fluoxetine resulted in significant enhancements in both the total distance and time the rats moved during tests (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Post-administration of PR-H and fluoxetine also led to statistically significant increase in sucrose preference among rats (P < 0.05). Besides, PR-L, PR-H, and fluoxetine treatment markedly decreased the latency of ingestion (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, and P < 0.01, respectively). As observed from the FST, PR-L, PR-H, and fluoxetine presented antidepressant effects on rats with CUMS-induced depression, leading to the reduction in time of their immobility (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.01, respectively). The results of TST indicated reduced immobility time in rats receiving PR-H and fluoxetine treatment as well (P < 0.01). (ii) Rats in model group showed an increase in the levels of Iba-1+ microglia in their left and right brains in comparison with control group (P < 0.01). However, such increase was negated post PR treatment (P < 0.01). Treatment with PR-L, PR-H, and fluoxetine considerably reduced the levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, P < 0.01). In addition, treatment of PR-L and PR-H effectively counteracted the elevated levels of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1, and markedly down-regulated the expression levels of phosphorylated p65 (p-p65), COX-2, and iNOS in rats’ hippocampus (P < 0.01). Conclusion Collectively, these findings indicate that PR exerts an antidepressant effect on rats with CUMS-induced depression partially through the modulation of the NLRP3 and NF-κB signaling pathways.