This study aims to understand the epidemic distribution characteristics,antimicrobial resistance,virulence genes,and biofilm adhesion ability of Enterococcus in yaks on the Tibetan plateau.Three hundred and forty-six fresh yak fecal samples and 311 milk samples were collected from four provinces on the Tibetan plateau(Xizang,Sichuan,Gansu,Qinghai),totaling 657 sam-ples.Bacterial isolation and identification were conducted,followed by 16S rDNA gene detection and the construction of a systematic evolutionary tree.The isolated strains were tested for antimi-crobial resistance and virulence genes using PCR,and sensitivity tests were performed using 18 types of antibiotics.The biofilm adhesion ability of the isolated bacteria was determined using an improved semi-quantitative crystal violet staining method.The results showed that the total isola-tion rate of Enterococcus was 32.27％,with Sichuan having the highest at 60.23％,followed by Gansu,Qinghai,and Tibet autonomous region at 42.70％,23.47％,and 18.31％respectively.In terms of sample types,the isolation rate in fecal samples was 36.71％,and in milk samples,it was 27.33％.Through PCR amplification,bands of approximately 1 400 bp were obtained,and 5 strains were selected for evolutionary analysis,forming a separate cluster.Among the 212 isolated strains,a high resistance to clindamycin,quinupristin-dalfopristin,linezolid,levofloxacin,and erythromycin was observed,with various resistance phenomena,accounting for 60.85％.Only 5 out of 12 resist-ant genes were detected,namely erm(B),tet(L),tet(O),tet(M),and ant(6)-Ia.All 13 virulence genes were detected in Enterococcus,with detection rates in the range of 5.19％to 95.76％,where cpd was 95.75％,gelE was 91.98％,efaA was 86.79％,asal was 86.32％,and the rest ranged from 5.19％to 55.66％.The fsr virulence gene was not detected in Enterococcus from milk sources.Among the isolated strains,3.30％showed medium adhesive ability,48.58％showed weak adhesive ability,and 48.11％showed no adhesive ability.The above research revealed the preva-lence of yak derived Enterococcus,the carrying status of resistance and virulence genes,and the correlation between biofilm phenotypes,laying the foundation for mastering research data on yak-derived Enterococcus in the Tibetan plateau.

This study aims to understand the epidemic distribution characteristics,antimicrobial resistance,virulence genes,and biofilm adhesion ability of Enterococcus in yaks on the Tibetan plateau.Three hundred and forty-six fresh yak fecal samples and 311 milk samples were collected from four provinces on the Tibetan plateau(Xizang,Sichuan,Gansu,Qinghai),totaling 657 sam-ples.Bacterial isolation and identification were conducted,followed by 16S rDNA gene detection and the construction of a systematic evolutionary tree.The isolated strains were tested for antimi-crobial resistance and virulence genes using PCR,and sensitivity tests were performed using 18 types of antibiotics.The biofilm adhesion ability of the isolated bacteria was determined using an improved semi-quantitative crystal violet staining method.The results showed that the total isola-tion rate of Enterococcus was 32.27％,with Sichuan having the highest at 60.23％,followed by Gansu,Qinghai,and Tibet autonomous region at 42.70％,23.47％,and 18.31％respectively.In terms of sample types,the isolation rate in fecal samples was 36.71％,and in milk samples,it was 27.33％.Through PCR amplification,bands of approximately 1 400 bp were obtained,and 5 strains were selected for evolutionary analysis,forming a separate cluster.Among the 212 isolated strains,a high resistance to clindamycin,quinupristin-dalfopristin,linezolid,levofloxacin,and erythromycin was observed,with various resistance phenomena,accounting for 60.85％.Only 5 out of 12 resist-ant genes were detected,namely erm(B),tet(L),tet(O),tet(M),and ant(6)-Ia.All 13 virulence genes were detected in Enterococcus,with detection rates in the range of 5.19％to 95.76％,where cpd was 95.75％,gelE was 91.98％,efaA was 86.79％,asal was 86.32％,and the rest ranged from 5.19％to 55.66％.The fsr virulence gene was not detected in Enterococcus from milk sources.Among the isolated strains,3.30％showed medium adhesive ability,48.58％showed weak adhesive ability,and 48.11％showed no adhesive ability.The above research revealed the preva-lence of yak derived Enterococcus,the carrying status of resistance and virulence genes,and the correlation between biofilm phenotypes,laying the foundation for mastering research data on yak-derived Enterococcus in the Tibetan plateau.

Objective:To review the research advance on post-spaceflight recuperation and rehabilitation strategies. Literature resource and selection 　Relevant literatures on post-flight rehabilitation and convalescence of astronauts published in domestic and abroad. Literature quotation 　Twenty-nine references were cited. Literature synthesis 　The long-term spaceflight environment results in adaptive modifications of multiple systems of astronaut′s body. These modifications can have a negative impact on astronauts′ physical health and overall productivity. Post-spaceflight rehabilitation is an important measure to ensure the health of astronauts. By employing physical therapy and exercise training, combining with natural healing factors, and implementing phased reconditioning plan, astronauts can quickly readapt to the gravity environment, restore physical functions, and achieve a good physical and mental state in preparation for the next spaceflight mission. Conclusions:It is urgent to develop individualized exercise prescriptions by effectively enhance post-spaceflight rehabilitation outcomes, and to establish reasonable evaluation indicators.

Objective:To review the research advance on post-spaceflight recuperation and rehabilitation strategies. Literature resource and selection 　Relevant literatures on post-flight rehabilitation and convalescence of astronauts published in domestic and abroad. Literature quotation 　Twenty-nine references were cited. Literature synthesis 　The long-term spaceflight environment results in adaptive modifications of multiple systems of astronaut′s body. These modifications can have a negative impact on astronauts′ physical health and overall productivity. Post-spaceflight rehabilitation is an important measure to ensure the health of astronauts. By employing physical therapy and exercise training, combining with natural healing factors, and implementing phased reconditioning plan, astronauts can quickly readapt to the gravity environment, restore physical functions, and achieve a good physical and mental state in preparation for the next spaceflight mission. Conclusions:It is urgent to develop individualized exercise prescriptions by effectively enhance post-spaceflight rehabilitation outcomes, and to establish reasonable evaluation indicators.

OBJECTIVE To explore the regulatory effects of baicalin on the proliferation and migration of human periodontal ligament stem cells （hPDLSCs） induced by lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and Janus protein tyrosine kinase 2 （JAK2）/signal transduction and transcription activator 3 （STAT3） signaling pathways. METHODS hPDLSCs were divided into control group， LPS group， different concentration baicalin groups （0.1， 1 and 10 mg/L）. ELISA method and CCK-8 assay were used to determine the contents of cell inflammatory factors [interleukin 6 （IL-6）， IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）] and cell viability， so as to screen the optimal concentration of baicalin for follow-up pathway validation experiments. The cells were then divided into control group， LPS group， optimal baicalin concentration group and inhibitor group （10 μg/mL LPS+1 mg/L baicalin +3 μmol/L JAK2/STAT3 pathway inhibitor AG490）. After treated for 24 h， the proliferation rate of hPDLSCs， apoptosis rate， migration rate， invasion cell number， mRNA and protein expressions of Cyclin D1 and caspase-3， the expression of JAK2/STAT3 pathway-related proteins were all detected. RESULTS According to cell inflammatory factors and cell viability， 1 mg/L was selected as the optimal concentration of baicalin. Compared with control group， cell proliferation rate， migration rate， invasion cell number， Cyclin D1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly decreased in LPS group， while cell apoptosis rate， caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression， p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 protein expression were significantly increased （P＜0.05）. After treated with 1 mg/L baicalin， the above indexes were reversed significantly （P＜0.05）. The improvement of above indexes in the inhibitor group was more obvious （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Baicalin can promote the proliferation， migration and invasion of LPS-induced hPDLSCs and inhibit their apoptosis and inflammation by blocking the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Objective To establish a UHPLC method for the determination of zolpidem tartrate tablets after radiation, and to investigate the effect of different radiation doses on the content of zolpidem tartrate tablets. Methods Ultra high performance liquid chromatography was used. The content of zolpidem tartrate tablets irradiated by γ-ray was determined. Using C₁₈ column, acetonitrile methanol-0.05 mol/L phosphoric acid solution (the pH value as 5.5 with triethylamine) (18∶26∶56) was used as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.7 ml/min, and the detection wavelength was 254 nm. Results The method validation showed good linearity in the concentration range of 5-80 μg/ml (r=0.999 6); The average recovery was 98.2%, RSD was 1.72%, and the repeatability was 0.87%. The contents of zolpidem tartrate were 105.1%, 106.4%, 102.7% and 105.4% under 0, 8, 25 and 80 kGy radiation. Conclusion UHPLC has accurate results with short analysis cycle in this study. It is suitable for the determination of zolpidem tartrate tablets after radiation. The content of zolpidem tartrate tablets remained basically unchanged after radiation.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) through anterolateral approach in treatment of middle-distal humeral shaft fracture.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 21 patients with middle-distal humeral shaft fracture admitted to 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from August 2015 to March 2018, including 12 males and 9 females, aged 18-68 years [(31.3±3.6)years]. All were closed fracture. According to AO classification, the fracture were classified as type A in 6 patients, type B in 10 and type C in 5. All patients were treated with anterolateral minimally invasive plate fixation. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay were recorded. The fracture healing was observed after operation. The visual analogue scale (VAS), University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder rating scale, and Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) were used to evaluate the effectiveness before operation and at 2 weeks, 3 months and 12 months after operation.Results:All patients were followed up for 12-26 months [(18.2±2.4)months]. The operation time was 50-82 minutes [(68.2±19.4)minutes], with intraoperative blood loss of 40-95 ml [(60.2±21.3)ml]. The hospital stay was 6-16 days [(6.8±1.2)days]. There was no iatrogenic vascular or nerve injury during operation. The patients with radial nerve injury before operation were all adventitia contusion. The nerve function returned to normal within 3 months after operation. All fractures were healed within 5-10 months [(5.3±1.2)months]. At 2 weeks, 3 months and 12 months after operation, the VAS [(3.6±0.8)points, (2.1±0.4)points, (1.8±0.3)points] was lower than that before operation [(8.3±1.6)points] ( P<0.05); UCLA shoulder rating scale [(31.2±1.5)points, (33.6±0.8)points, (34.6±0.5)points] was higher than that before operation [(28.4±2.3)points] ( P<0.05); and MEPS [(80.2±3.4)points, (93.4±2.2)points, (96.4±3.5)points] was higher than that before operation [(60.5±4.5)points] ( P<0.05). At the last follow-up, the UCLA shoulder rating scale and MEPS showed excellent results. Conclusion:For middle and lower humeral shaft fracture especially for the fracture line relatively distal to the shaft, MIPO technique through anterolateral approach can attain satisfactory results in terms of pain, range of motion of shoulder and elbow joint, and joint function.

OBJECTIVE：To study the anti-inflammatory effects of water extract from Inner Mongolia medicine Agi （i. e. the aerial part of Artemisia frigida ），and to preliminarily explore its mechanism. METHODS ：Totally 60 mice were randomly divided into model control group （water），aspirin group （positive control ，0.4 g/kg），Agi water extract high-dose ，medium-dose and low-dose groups （60.0，30.0，15.0 g/kg，by crude medicine ），with 12 mice in each group. After intragastric administration for consecutive 5 d，the ear swelling of mice was induced by 2，4-dinitrochlorobenzene. Another 60 mice were grouped and admini- stered by the same way ，and the foot swelling of mice was induced by carrageenan. The ear swelling degree and inhibitory rate ， paw swelling rate were calculated to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Agi water extract. The contents of TNF-α，IL-1β and PGE2 in plantar inflammatory tissue induced by carrageenan in mice were determined by ELISA. The content of MDA was determined by thiobarbituric acid trace method and NO by nitrate reductase method. RESULTS ：Compared with model control group，the degrees of ear swelling of mice were decreased significantly in aspirin group and Agi water extract high-dose ， medium-dose，low-dose groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），and the inhibitory rates of ear swelling were 72.3％，71.1％，52.6％， 36.8％，respectively；the paw swelling rates of mice in aspirin group and Agi high-dose，medium-dose groups were decreased significantly，while those were decreased significantly in Agi water extract low-dose group 0.5 h and 4.0 h after inducing inflammation（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；the contents of TNF-α，IL-1β，PGE2，NO and MDA in plantar inflammatory tissue of mice in aspirin group and Agi water extract high-dose ，medium-dose groups were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS：Inner Mongolia medicine Agi water extract has obvious anti-inflammatory effects on ear swelling induced by 2，4-dinitrochlorobenzene and paw swelling induced by carrageenan ，and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of TNF-α， IL-1β and PGE2 generation，the reduction of NO and MDA excessive release in inflammatory tissues.

Objective To investigate the effects of acute reserpine-induced pain and depression co-morbidity model on behavior and related inflammatory cytokines in rats. Methods Twelve male 8-week-old SD rats were randomly divided into control group and model group,6 in each group. Rats in the model group were intraperitoneally injected with reserpine(1 mg/kg/d)for 3 days to establish the model. Rats in the con-trol group were injected with the same amount of distilled water. The pain threshold of rats was measured by Von Frey Hairs and Hot Plate Analgesia Test. The depression behavior of rats was evaluated by open-field test,Forced Swimming Test and Sucrose Consumption Test. Serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α content were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with the control group(1d (15. 00±0. 00) g;3d ( 13. 20±4. 03)g),the PWTs of the model group (1d (6. 20±0. 45) g;3d (4. 20±1. 64) g) decreased significantly(t=44. 00,4. 63,both P<0. 05). Compared with the control group (( 8. 82 ± 1. 08) s),the PWTL (( 3. 16 ± 0. 24)s) was significantly reduced on the first day in model group,and the difference was statistically signifi-cant (t=11. 48,P<0. 05). Compared with the control group (( 1 815. 18± 541. 40) cm,(98. 20± 26. 25) s, (87. 78±9. 38)g),the total distance of the open-field test ((948. 91±494. 35)cm)significantly shortened (t=2. 64,P<0. 05),swimming time ((143. 60±21. 45)s) was significantly prolonged (t=-2. 65,P<0. 05), and the sucrose consumption (( 22. 23 ± 6. 97) g) significantly decreased (t=12. 55,P<0. 05) in model group. Compared with the control group (( 285. 80 ± 11. 93) ng/ml, ( 233. 07 ± 8. 47) ng/ml,( 280. 41 ± 14. 31) ng/ml,( 213. 10 ± 33. 87) ng/ml), serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α in model group ((471. 23±24. 15) ng/ml,(364. 82±17. 16) ng/ml,(471. 81± 28. 98) ng/ml,(821. 19±93. 16) ng/ml) increased significantly(F=-15. 39,-15. 39,-13. 24,-13. 72,all P<0. 05). Conclusion A large number of intraperitoneal injections of acute reserpine can cause hyperalgesia,depressive behavior and serum inflamma-tory factors in rats,effectively simulating the symptoms of pain and depression,and can be used as a model of pain and depression comorbidity for biological mechanisms and treatment research.

Objective To investigate the antidepressant effects of Chaihu Shugan Powder(CSP) on depressive rats induced by reserpine and its influences on the kynurenine (KYN),indoleamine 2,3-dioxyge-nase(IDO),interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α). Methods Forty rats with similar behavior results were divide into 4 groups randomly,including Control group(Con),Model group(Res),Flu- oxetine group(Res+Flu) and Chaihu Shugan Powder group(CSP). The depressive rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection reserpine. The rats in Res+Flu group were administered with fluoxetine by intrap-eritoneal and rats in Res+CSP group were administered with CSP by intraperitoneal. After 14 days,the be-havior of rats was measured and then the rats were executed and sampled. The content of tryptophan and kynurenine in raphe nuclei tissue were detected. The mRNA expression level of IDO,IL-6,TNF-α in raphe nuclei tissue were detected. Results ( 1) Compared with Con group (( 81. 81 ± 36. 13) s, ( 83. 51 ± 5. 34)%), the swimming immobility time((150. 50±31. 45)s) in Res group increased(t=68. 7, P<0. 05) and the sucrose perference (59. 73±11. 30)%) in Res group decreased(t=23. 8,P<0. 05). Compared with Res group, the swimming immobility time in Res+Flu group((114. 90± 14. 29) s) and Res+CSP group ((111. 7±11. 34)s) decreased(t=35. 6,35. 8,both P<0. 05). Compared with Res group, the sucrose pref-erence in Res+Flu group((78. 21±10. 07)%) increased(t=18. 3, P<0. 05). (2)Compared with Con group (KYN/TRP:(0. 023±0. 016),IDO mRNA:(1. 00±0. 05),IL-6 mRNA:(1. 00±0. 58),TNF-α mRNA:(1. 00±0. 32)), the activity of IDO(KYN/TRP(0. 039±0. 003)) and the mRNA levels of IDO mRNA(3. 63± 0. 31),IL-6 mRNA(2. 36±0. 23),TNF-α mRNA( 3. 56± 0. 14) of Raphe Nuclei tissue in Res group were significantly increased (t=21. 2,12. 9,38. 3,19. 7,all P<0. 05). Compared with Res group, the activity of IDO(KYN/TRP(0. 030±0. 013)),the mRNA expression levels of IDO mRNA( 1. 56±0. 36),IL-6 mRNA (1. 62±0. 16),TNF-α mRNA(2. 64±0. 20)of Raphe Nuclei tissue in Res+Flu group were significantly de-creased(t=38. 8,15. 8,12. 8,26. 4,all P<0. 05). And compared with Res group,the activity of IDO( KYN/TRP(0. 028±0. 021)) ,the mRNA expression level of IDO mRNA( 1. 33± 0. 29),IL-6 mRNA(1. 36± 0. 34),TNF-α mRNA(1. 93±0. 21)of raphe nuclei tissue in Res+CSP group were also significantly decreased (t=23. 21,17. 3,19. 8,29. 8,all P<0. 05). Compared with Res+Flu group,the level of IDO mRNA and in-flammatory factors' mRNA in Res+CSP group were significantly decreased(t=18. 3,20. 8,31. 5,all P<0. 05). Conclusion Chaihu Shugan Powder has antidepressant effect,and the mechanism is related with de-creasing the inflammatory factors,inhibiting IDO activation and decreasing the IDO mRNA.