Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of therapeutic whole blood exchange combined with lymphoplasmapheresis in the treatment of refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of AIHA patients who underwent therapeutic whole blood exchange combined with lymphoplasmapheresis at our hospital from March 2022 to May 2025. Efficacy was assessed by comparing changes in hemoglobin, platelet count, and bilirubin levels before and after treatment. Safety was evaluated by analyzing vital signs before and after the procedure, parameters during the exchange, and adverse reactions. Results: A total of 12 AIHA patients were enrolled, completing 19 exchange procedures. The number of procedures per patient ranged from 1 to 3. The median treatment duration was 67 (65-73) minutes, with a median exchange volume of 2 025 (1 851-2 121) mL, comprising 4.5 (4-6) units of red blood cells and 1 350 (1 200-1 400) mL of plasma. Ten patients achieved partial remission, one achieved complete remission, and one showed no response, yielding an response rate of 91% (11/12). After a single session, hemoglobin increased significantly by 17.58±9.85 g/L (P<0.01), while platelets counts decreased by 45 (17.5, 79)×10 /L (P<0.05), and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed a significant elevation (P<0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were observed in total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, white blood cell count, or heart rate. During the procedures, 4 adverse reactions occurred in 3 patients: one child experienced severe heart rate fluctuation twice consecutively, and two adults developed plasma allergies. All reactions resolved spontaneously without pharmacological intervention. Conclusion: The combination of therapeutic whole blood exchange and lymphoplasmapheresis appears to be a safe and effective treatment for refractory AIHA patients.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Tongluo Mingmu capsules in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy with blood stasis， collateral obstruction， and Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome. MethodA randomized， double-blind， positive-control， and multi-center clinical trial design method was used. 416 patients with diabetic retinopathy with blood stasis， collateral obstruction， and Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome in four test centers were included （the ratio of the treatment group to the control group was 3∶1）. On the basis of standardized hypoglycemic treatment， the treatment group was given both four Tongluo Mingmu capsules and two Calcium Dobesilate capsule agents three times a day， while the control group were given both two Calcium Dobesilate capsules and four Tongluo Mingmu capsule agents three times a day. The course of treatment was 12 weeks. The curative effect of Tongluo Mingmu capsules was evaluated by comparing the comprehensive curative effect of diabetic retinopathy， traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） syndrome score， corrected visual acuity， fundus changes， fundus fluorescence angiography， and other curative effect indexes before and after treatment in the two groups. At the same time， general examination， laboratory examination， and adverse events were performed to evaluate the safety of the drug. ResultThe baseline demographic data and disease characteristics of the treatment group and the control group were balanced and comparable， with the difference not statistically significant. After 12 weeks of treatment， the total effective rate of the comprehensive curative effect of diabetic retinopathy in the treatment group （61.0%， 189/310） was better than that in the control group （44.1%， 45/102）， and the difference was statistically significant （χ²=8.880， P<0.01）. The total effective rate of TCM syndromes in the treatment group （88.4%， 259/293） was better than that in the control group （69.9%， 65/93）， and the difference was statistically significant （χ²=17.927， P<0.01）. The disappearance rate of dry eyes （χ²=8.305）， dull complexion （χ²=4.053）， lassitude （χ²=10.267）， shortness of breath （χ²=8.494）， and dry stool （χ²=8.657） in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group， and the difference between the groups was statistically significant （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In terms of improving corrected visual acuity （χ²=8.382）， fundus changes （χ²=6.026） ， the treatment group was significantly better than the control group （P<0.05）. During the trial， the incidence of adverse events in the treatment group and the control group was 1.3% and 2.9%， respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups. In addition， there were no serious adverse events and adverse events leading to withdrawal in both groups. ConclusionTongluo Mingmu capsules can improve the comprehensive curative effect of diabetic retinopathy and enhance the efficacy of TCM syndromes， visual acuity， fundus changes， and fundus fluorescein angiography， with great safety. Therefore， it can provide a new alternative therapeutic drug for patients with diabetic retinopathy.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and potential risk factors associated with postoperative spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) following anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients who underwent ACSS for cervical spondylosis at Peking University Third Hospital between March 2013 and February 2022. Patients who developed postoperative SEH were categorized as the SEH group, while those in the cohort without SEH were randomly selected as the non-SEH group by individually matching with the same operator, same gender, same surgery year, and similar age (±5 years) at a ratio of 4 ∶ 1. The general condition, preoperative comorbidities, anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy, preoperative coagulation and platelet counts, American society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, cervical spondylosis classification, preoperative modified Japanese Orthopaedic Society score and cervical disability index score, surgical modality, surgical segment levels, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament among the surgical level, surgery duration, estimated blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, preoperative mean arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure during postoperative awakening periods, hospital stay and hospitalization cost were compared between the two groups. A bivariate Logistic regression model was applied to screen out the independent risk factors and calculate the odds ratios of indicators associated with SEH. Receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to describe the discrimination ability of the indicators. RESULTS: A total of 85 patients were enrolled in the study, including 17 patients in the SEH group and 68 patients in the non-SEH group. Seventeen patients with SEH underwent hematoma evacuation, and all of them were successfully treated and discharged from the hospital. Corpectomy (OR=7.247; 95%CI: 1.962-26.766; P=0.003) and the highest mean arterial pressure during awakening (OR=1.056; 95%CI: 1.002-1.113; P=0.043) were independent risk factors for SEH. The AUC values were 0.713 (95%CI: 0.578-0.848) and 0.665 (95%CI: 0.51-0.82) respectively. The patients with SEH had longer hospital stays (P < 0.001) and greater hospitalization costs (P=0.035). CONCLUSION Corpectomy and elevated maximum mean arterial pressure during awakening are independent risk factors for the development of postoperative SEH following ACSS. High-risk patients should be closely monitored during the perioperative period.
Humans ; Risk Factors ; Cervical Vertebrae/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Hematoma, Epidural, Spinal/epidemiology* ; Incidence ; Male ; Female ; Postoperative Complications/etiology* ; Spondylosis/surgery* ; Logistic Models ; Length of Stay ; Middle Aged

ObjectiveTo confirm the clinical efficacy and safety of Yishen Yangxin Anshen tablets in the treatment of insomnia （heart-blood deficiency and kidney-essence insufficiency syndrome）. MethodA randomized block， double-blind， placebo-controlled， multi-center clinical trial design method was adopted， and a total of 480 patients with insomnia due to deficiency of heart blood and insufficiency of kidney essence （treatment group-control group 3∶1） from seven hospitals （Guang'anmen Hospital， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， The First Clinical Hospital， Jilin Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）， The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of TCM， The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine， Henan Province Hospital of TCM， Hebei General Hospital， The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine） were enrolled. The treatment group was given Yishen Yangxin Anshen tablets and the control group received placebo tablets （4 tablets/time， 3 times/day， 4 weeks of administration， 4 weeks of follow-up after drug withdrawal）. The sleep dysfunction rating scale （SDRS） score， pittsburgh sleep quality index （PSQI） score， TCM， polysomnography （PSG） indicators from four hospital （Guang'anmen Hospital， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， Henan Province Hospital of TCM， Hebei General Hospital， The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine）， and other efficacy indicators were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Through general physical examination， laboratory examination， and observation of adverse events， the safety of the drugs was evaluated. ResultThe baseline indexes of the two groups showed no significant difference and thus the two groups were comparable. After treatment， the total score of SDRS in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group （P<0.01）. After drug withdrawal for 4 weeks， the total score of SDRS demonstrated no significant change in the treatment group as compared with that at the end of treatment， indicating that the rebound change of curative effect was not obvious. After treatment， the total score of PSQI in the treatment group decreased as compared with that in the control group （P<0.01）， and the change of total score of PSQI in the treatment group was statistically significant （P<0.05） after drug withdrawal for 4 weeks but small， indicating that the rebound change of curative effect was not obvious. After treatment， the total effective rate about the TCM symptoms in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group （χ²=137.521，P<0.01）. After treatment， the disappearance rates of single indexes in the treatment group， such as difficulty in falling asleep， easily waking up after sleeping， early awakening， short sleep time， dreamfulness， palpitation， forgetfulness， dizziness， mental fatigue， and weakness of waist and knee， increased compared with those in the control group （P<0.01）. After treatment， the treatment group demonstrated fewer awaking times （AT）， longer total sleep time （TST）， lower ATA/TST ratio， and higher sleep efficiency （%） than the control group （P<0.05）. No abnormal value or aggravation related to drugs was observed in either group. The incidence of adverse events in the treatment group and the control group was 5.57% and 8.40% respectively. No serious adverse events or adverse events leading to withdrawal happened in either group. ConclusionYishen Yangxin Anshen tablets is effective and safe for patients with insomnia of deficiency of heart-blood and insufficiency of kidney-essence.

BACKGROUND: T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif domains (TIGIT), an inhibitory receptor expressed on T cells, plays a dysfunctional role in antiviral infection and antitumor activity. However, it is unknown whether TIGIT expression on T cells influences the immunological effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inactivated vaccines. METHODS: Forty-five people living with HIV (PLWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for more than two years and 31 healthy controls (HCs), all received a third dose of a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine, were enrolled in this study. The amounts, activation, proportion of cell subsets, and magnitude of the SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response of TIGIT + CD4 + and TIGIT + CD8 + T cells were investigated before the third dose but 6 months after the second vaccine dose (0W), 4 weeks (4W) and 12 weeks (12W) after the third dose. RESULTS: Compared to that in HCs, the frequency of TIGIT + CD8 + T cells in the peripheral blood of PLWH increased at 12W after the third dose of the inactivated vaccine, and the immune activation of TIGIT + CD8 + T cells also increased. A decrease in the ratio of both T naïve (T N ) and central memory (T CM ) cells among TIGIT + CD8 + T cells and an increase in the ratio of the effector memory (T EM ) subpopulation were observed at 12W in PLWH. Interestingly, particularly at 12W, a higher proportion of TIGIT + CD8 + T cells expressing CD137 and CD69 simultaneously was observed in HCs than in PLWH based on the activation-induced marker assay. Compared with 0W, SARS-CoV-2-specific TIGIT + CD8 + T-cell responses in PLWH were not enhanced at 12W but were enhanced in HCs. Additionally, at all time points, the SARS-CoV-2-specific responses of TIGIT + CD8 + T cells in PLWH were significantly weaker than those of TIGIT - CD8 + T cells. However, in HCs, the difference in the SARS-CoV-2-specific responses induced between TIGIT + CD8 + T cells and TIGIT - CD8 + T cells was insignificant at 4W and 12W, except at 0W. CONCLUSIONS TIGIT expression on CD8 + T cells may hinder the T-cell immune response to a booster dose of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, suggesting weakened resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in PLWH. Furthermore, TIGIT may be used as a potential target to increase the production of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 + T cells, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of vaccination.
Humans ; Antibodies, Viral ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; COVID-19/complications* ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology* ; HIV Infections/complications* ; Receptors, Immunologic ; SARS-CoV-2

Objective:To examine the characteristics of blood lipid profile and the correlation with clinic-pathological features of pancreatic cancer patients.Methods:The clinical and pathological data of 265 pancreatic cancer patients who received radical surgical treatment at Department of General Surgery,Qilu Hospital,Shandong University from January 2013 to September 2020 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Among the 265 pancreatic cancer patients,there were 170 males and 95 females,with age of (61.0±9.6)years(range:28 to 86 years). General information,lipid indicators and clinic-pathological information were collected from electronic medical record system,and follow-up information gained by telephone. According to level of serum lipid in pancreatic cancer patients,265 patients were divided into dyslipidemia group( n=115) and normal lipid group( n=150). Pearson χ 2,Student′s t tests, variance analysis or univariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between dyslipidemia and clinico-pathological characteristics of pancreatic cancer,respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to assessed the influence of dyslipidemia on prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. Results:In 265 pancreatic cancer patients,115(43.4%)of them had dyslipidemias,and the most common form was increase of triglyceride(TG)(72.2%). In pancreatic cancer with dyslipidemias group,patients with body mass index ≥25 kg/m 2 had higher proportion than normal lipid group(36.1%(26/72) vs. 21.2%(21/99),χ2=4.643, P=0.031); The proportion of carcinoma located at head of pancreas(83.5%(96/115) vs. 40.7%(61/150),χ2=49.412, P<0.01), staging of T1/T2(79.1%(91/115) vs. 60.7%(91/150),χ2=10.316, P<0.01) and lymphatic metastasis(36.5%(42/115) vs. 22.7%(34/150),χ2=6.007, P<0.01) were higher. In patients of pancreatic cancer, dyslipidemias were closely associated with tumor location( OR=10.529, P<0.01)and body mass index( OR=3.671, P=0.008). Serum lipid profile results showed that TG,total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein(HDL) disorders were associated with tumor location( P<0.05). TG disorder had association with body mass index( P<0.05), and HDL disorder had association with tumor stage( P<0.05). Moreover, the result of survival analysis showed that dyslipidemia was not a factor to impact the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients underwent surgery( P>0.05). Conclusions:In pancreatic cancer patients,TG disorder was the most common type of dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia has closely association with clinicopathologic features,including tumor location,body mass index,tumor stage. However,dyslipidemia had little effect on prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients.

Objective:To examine the characteristics of blood lipid profile and the correlation with clinic-pathological features of pancreatic cancer patients.Methods:The clinical and pathological data of 265 pancreatic cancer patients who received radical surgical treatment at Department of General Surgery,Qilu Hospital,Shandong University from January 2013 to September 2020 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Among the 265 pancreatic cancer patients,there were 170 males and 95 females,with age of (61.0±9.6)years(range:28 to 86 years). General information,lipid indicators and clinic-pathological information were collected from electronic medical record system,and follow-up information gained by telephone. According to level of serum lipid in pancreatic cancer patients,265 patients were divided into dyslipidemia group( n=115) and normal lipid group( n=150). Pearson χ 2,Student′s t tests, variance analysis or univariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between dyslipidemia and clinico-pathological characteristics of pancreatic cancer,respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to assessed the influence of dyslipidemia on prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. Results:In 265 pancreatic cancer patients,115(43.4%)of them had dyslipidemias,and the most common form was increase of triglyceride(TG)(72.2%). In pancreatic cancer with dyslipidemias group,patients with body mass index ≥25 kg/m 2 had higher proportion than normal lipid group(36.1%(26/72) vs. 21.2%(21/99),χ2=4.643, P=0.031); The proportion of carcinoma located at head of pancreas(83.5%(96/115) vs. 40.7%(61/150),χ2=49.412, P<0.01), staging of T1/T2(79.1%(91/115) vs. 60.7%(91/150),χ2=10.316, P<0.01) and lymphatic metastasis(36.5%(42/115) vs. 22.7%(34/150),χ2=6.007, P<0.01) were higher. In patients of pancreatic cancer, dyslipidemias were closely associated with tumor location( OR=10.529, P<0.01)and body mass index( OR=3.671, P=0.008). Serum lipid profile results showed that TG,total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein(HDL) disorders were associated with tumor location( P<0.05). TG disorder had association with body mass index( P<0.05), and HDL disorder had association with tumor stage( P<0.05). Moreover, the result of survival analysis showed that dyslipidemia was not a factor to impact the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients underwent surgery( P>0.05). Conclusions:In pancreatic cancer patients,TG disorder was the most common type of dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia has closely association with clinicopathologic features,including tumor location,body mass index,tumor stage. However,dyslipidemia had little effect on prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients.

Compared with other postoperative complications following pancreatic resection, chylous leakage is rare in clinical, which could lead to serious morbidity, including malnutrition,immunosuppression and abdominal infection. The main risk factors for chylous leakage after pancreatic resection are the injury of cisterna chyli or lymphatic vessels caused by intraoperative lymph node dissection and early enteral nutrition. The clinical features of chylous leakage are not specific, and the diagnosis mainly depends on the composition analysis of the drainage fluid. The diagnostic criteria generally adopt the expert consensus of the international Study Group on Pancreatic Surgery,but it is only applicable to isolated chylous leakage and there is still no widely accepted diagnostic criteria in most complex cases. Abdominal fluid analysis and abdominal CT scan are the most applied diagnostic methods for chylous leakage after pancreatic resection,while lymphangiography can not only identify the site of leakage,but also has therapeutic value. For its treatment,the"step-up"treatment strategy is typically applied in most patients. Conservative treatments, including drainage,proper diet and applying octreotide, can benefit most patients. Surgical treatment is not commonly used,and its therapeutic value needs to be further verified. Optimizing perioperative management measures and personalized treatment strategies for different patients can effectively prevent postoperative chylous leakage and maximize the clinical benefits of patients who received pancreatic resection.

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor G3(GEP-NET G3) is a novel subtype of neuroendocrine neoplasms proposed in 2019,which has unique biological behavior characteristics. However,there are still many challenges and controversies in its diagnosis and treatment. There are obvious differences between GEP-NET G3 and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) in genetic alterations and molecular profiles. The most frequently mutated genes in NET G3 are MEN1,DAXX/ATRX,while in NEC,TP53 and Rb are the most frequently mutated genes. Currently,the mainstream view is that NET G3 and NEC are two distinct diseases with different genetic backgrounds,and NET G3 will not develop into NEC. Several clinical and pathological factors should be considered to distinguish GEP-NET G3 and NEC,which including patients′ medical history,histopathological morphology of neoplasms,Ki-67 index,immunohistochemical results of TP53,Rb,DAXX/ATRX and other markers. Multidisciplinary treatment,including radical resection,chemotherapy,targeted therapy,peptide receptor radionuclide therapy,immunotherapy should be applied in patients with GEP-NET G3. Overall,given its relatively indolent biological behavior,the therapeutic strategy should be more actively. Although the cure strategy of NET G3 has many similarities with NET G1/2,it is completely different from NEC.

Compared with other postoperative complications following pancreatic resection, chylous leakage is rare in clinical, which could lead to serious morbidity, including malnutrition,immunosuppression and abdominal infection. The main risk factors for chylous leakage after pancreatic resection are the injury of cisterna chyli or lymphatic vessels caused by intraoperative lymph node dissection and early enteral nutrition. The clinical features of chylous leakage are not specific, and the diagnosis mainly depends on the composition analysis of the drainage fluid. The diagnostic criteria generally adopt the expert consensus of the international Study Group on Pancreatic Surgery,but it is only applicable to isolated chylous leakage and there is still no widely accepted diagnostic criteria in most complex cases. Abdominal fluid analysis and abdominal CT scan are the most applied diagnostic methods for chylous leakage after pancreatic resection,while lymphangiography can not only identify the site of leakage,but also has therapeutic value. For its treatment,the"step-up"treatment strategy is typically applied in most patients. Conservative treatments, including drainage,proper diet and applying octreotide, can benefit most patients. Surgical treatment is not commonly used,and its therapeutic value needs to be further verified. Optimizing perioperative management measures and personalized treatment strategies for different patients can effectively prevent postoperative chylous leakage and maximize the clinical benefits of patients who received pancreatic resection.