Objective:To compare the diagnostic efficacy of 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-617 PET/CT and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in detecting extraprostatic extension (EPE) and seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) in prostate cancer. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 113 patients with localized prostate cancer who underwent both 68Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT and mpMRI at Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, from May 2018 to May 2024 prior to radical prostatectomy (RP). The median age of the patients was 66.0 (61.3, 71.0) years old, with a median body mass index of 28.86 (19.01, 24.77) kg/m 2, and a median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 13.50(9.26, 21.99) ng/ml. The pathological results after RP were used as the gold standard to compare the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the two imaging modalities in diagnosing EPE and SVI. Additionally, the diagnostic value of combining both imaging modalities was explored, employing a parallel strategy where a positive result from either modality was deemed positive, and only when both tests were negative was the result considered negative. Results:Pathological results after RP indicated EPE in 46 cases (40.71%) and SVI in 11 cases (9.70%). In diagnosing EPE, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 68Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT were 17.39% (8/46), 97.01% (65/67), 80.00% (8/10), and 63.11% (65/103), respectively, while for mpMRI they were 34.78% (16/46), 83.58% (56/67), 59.26% (16/27), and 65.12% (56/86), respectively. The sensitivity of mpMRI was significantly higher than that of 68Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT ( P=0.048), while the specificity was the opposite ( P=0.008). When combining both imaging modalities, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 45.65% (21/46), 80.60% (54/67), 61.76% (21/34), and 68.35% (54/79), respectively. In diagnosing SVI, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 68Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT were 27.27% (3/11), 96.08% (98/102), 42.86% (3/7), and 92.45% (98/106), respectively, while for mpMRI they were 36.36% (4/11), 88.24% (90/102), 25.00% (4/16), and 92.78% (90/97), respectively. The specificity of 68Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT was significantly higher than that of mpMRI ( P=0.033). When combining both imaging modalities, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 45.45% (5/11), 85.29% (87/102), 25.00% (5/20), and 93.55% (87/93), respectively. Conclusions:mpMRI has higher sensitivity in diagnosing EPE and SVI in prostate cancer, while 68Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT shows higher specificity. The combined use of both imaging modalities can increase diagnostic sensitivity but may reduce specificity. PSMA PET/MRI may be a more accurate diagnostic tool for discerning EPE and SVI.

Objective:To investigate the role of mechanosensor Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) in urothelial cells in inducing bladder dysfunction in a partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) model.Methods:Ten female C57BL/6 mice were included in this study and randomly divided into pBOO and sham groups based on body weight using a stratified pairing method, with 5 mice in each group. The pBOO group underwent proximal urethral ligation surgery, while the sham group underwent a sham operation. Two weeks after surgery, the urinary pattern was analyzed using the urine spot test. The significant increase in urine spot numbers indicated the successful establishment of the pBOO model. The mice were then sacrificed, and bladder tissues were weighed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) to observe morphological changes. The bladder urothelial layer was further isolated, and total cell proteins were extracted to detect the expression levels of YAP1 protein using Western blotting. Mouse immortalized bladder urothelial cells were divided into three experimental groups: the negative control (NC) group, which was treated with YAP1-NC lentivirus; the overexpression (OE) group, which was treated with YAP1-OE lentivirus to induce YAP1 protein overexpression; and the verteporfin treatment (VP) group, which was treated with verteporfin on the basis of the OE group. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to verify the transcription and expression levels of YAP1 protein, the co-transcriptional activator TEAD4 protein, and the phosphorylated protein DRP1-616 (at serine 616) of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1). An ATP detection kit was used to measure the ATP release concentration in the NC, OE, and VP groups. The interaction between YAP1 and TEAD4 was investigated using co-immunoprecipitation, and the expression of the mitochondrial marker translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (Tom20) was observed using immunofluorescence staining.Results:The results of the urine spot test showed that the number of urine spots on the filter paper in the pBOO group was higher than that in the sham group within 6 hours [(283.0±9.1) spots vs. (3.7±0.3) spots, P<0.01], and the urine spots were scattered. The bladder wet weight in the pBOO group was significantly higher than that in the sham group [(105.70±6.84) mg vs. (22.33±1.20) mg, P<0.01]. Histological observations revealed reduced bladder mucosal folds and increased detrusor muscle thickness in the pBOO group. The expression of YAP1 protein in the bladder urothelial cells of the pBOO group was significantly upregulated compared to the sham group [(1.26±0.08) vs. (0.50±0.04), P<0.01]. In vitro experiments showed that compared to the NC group, the OE group had significantly increased expression of DRP1-616 [(0.94±0.05) vs. (0.33±0.01), P<0.01] and higher ATP release concentration [(24.45±0.16) μmol/mg vs. (19.67±0.42) μmol/mg, P<0.01]. In contrast, the VP group had significantly decreased expression of DRP1-616 [(0.29±0.04) vs. (0.94±0.05), P<0.01] and lower ATP release concentration [(10.55±0.01) μmol/mg vs. (24.45±0.16) μmol/mg, P<0.01] compared to the OE group. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments using YAP1 and TEAD4 antibodies showed that YAP1 and TEAD4 proteins could interact and form a transcriptional complex to regulate ATP release. Immunofluorescence staining revealed increased expression of Tom20 in the OE group compared to the NC group [(104.20±3.28) vs. (74.51±3.87), P<0.01]. Conclusions:In the pBOO-induced bladder dysfunction model, YAP1 is highly expressed in urothelial cells. YAP1 forms a transcriptional complex with TEAD4 to regulate ATP release by promoting mitochondrial fission via DRP1-616 expression, which is a key mechanism underlying pBOO-induced bladder dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the status quo of indwelling needles use in the hospitals at all lev-els in Chongqing city,and to evaluate the normalization and safety of indwelling needles use by referring to Nursing Practice Standards for Intravenous Therapy.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used in July 2023 to conduct a cross-sectional survey on the use of indwelling needles in the hospitals at all levels in Chongqing city.Results A total of 30 807 patients in 77 hospitals were included,among them 62.67%used indwelling needles.The closed type indwelling needles accounted for 88.87%and the safety type indwelling needles accounted for 41.74%.Non-needle infusion connectors accounted for 37.78%,and steel needle con-nected with heparin caps accounted for 51.69%.95.66%of puncture site was in the upper limb,the non-cor-rosive drug infusion accounted for 87.57%,and the complications occurrence rate was 2.46%.Among the 6 419 surveyed nurses,75.51%removed indwelling needles based on clinical indications.There were statistically significant differences in the usage rates of closed type indwelling needles and non-needle infusion connectors among hospitals at different levels(P<0.05).There were also statistically significant differences in the inci-dence rates of complication and phlebitis(P<0.05).Conclusion The overall application of indwelling needles in the hospitals at all levels in Chongqing city is generally standardized,but the use of safety type indwelling needles and needle-free infusion connectors still needs to be improved.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.002.].

Objective To explore the effect of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)on gut microbiota and blood ammonia level in patients with decompensated cirrhosis,and to analyze the correlation between the gut microbiota and blood ammonia level.Methods From July 2021 to December 2023,the patients with decompensated cirrhosis and portal hypertension complicated by esophagogastric variceal bleeding and/or refractory ascites,who received TIPS at Zhuhai Hospital of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,were collected.The blood and stool samples were collected before and after TIPS.The changes in blood routine,prothrombin time,liver function,and blood ammonia level were determined.The change of gut microbiota was detected using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing,and Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between the gut microbiota and blood ammonia level.Results In 20 patients,the post-TIPS one-month levels of AST,TBil,DBiL,PT,and blood ammonia were higher than their pre-TIPS values(P＜0.05),and the albumin(Alb)level was lower than the pre-TIPS value(P＜0.05).The post-TIPS 3-month levels of TBil,DBil,PT,and blood ammonia were higher than their pre-TIPS values(P＜0.05).One month after TIPS,the beta diversity of the gut microbiota became significantly different from the pre-TIPS pattern(P＜0.05).After TIPS,the harmful bacteria such as Veillonella,Streptococcus and Haemophilus were significantly reduced,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The correlation analysis of gut microbiota and blood ammonia level showed that in T0 group Colidextribacter was positively correlated with blood ammonia level,while Roxobella was negatively correlated with blood ammonia level;and in T1 group,Colidextribacter and Streptococcus were positively correlated with blood ammonia level,while Coprococcus,Bifidobacterium and Parasutterella were negatively correlated with blood ammonia level,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion In patients with decompensated cirrhosis after receiving TIPS,significant changes in the pattern of gut microbiota occur.Certain correlations exist between the changes of some microbiota and blood ammonia levels.Regulating the intestinal microecology may contribute to reducing blood ammonia level after TIPS.

Objective To study the effect and duration of point-of-use filters on the improvement of endoscopic fi-nal rinse water quality.Methods The final rinse water end at the gastroscope manual cleaning workstation in the Endoscopy Centre of the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University was selected to install a tap ter-minal filter;five specimens of final rinse water were collected consecutively before the installation,immediately after the installation,and 1-11 weeks after the installation.At each sampling time,the staff responsible for clea-ning and disinfecting were asked whether the flow rate of discharged water could satisfy the working demand;the final rinse water was inoculated on R2A culture medium with membrane filter method,bacterial colony forming unit(CFU)was calculated after 30℃ incubation for 5 days.Results The qualified rates of endoscopic final rinse water before point-of-use filter installation was 0,immediately after and 1-9 weeks after installation were both 100％,10 and 11 weeks after installation were 80.0％and 20.0％,respectively.The mean CFU of endoscopic final rinse wa-ter before point-of-use filter installation was 102 CFU/100 mL,immediately after and 1-9 weeks after installation were both ≤2 CFU/100 mL,10 and 11 weeks after installation were 8 and 18 CFU/100 mL,respectively.The feedback from the cleaning and disinfection staff before installation,immediately after installation,and 1-11 weeks after installation indicated that the flow rate of discharged water gradually slowed down over time,but could still meet the work requirements.Conclusion The point-of-use filter can quickly and effectively improve the quality of endoscopic final rinse water,with use duration of up to 9 weeks after installation;Its biggest advantage is that it can serve as the final barrier to all integrated measures,playing a supplementary role in case of any problems occu-rring in the front-end process,and ensuring the microbial quality of the final rinse water to the greatest extent possible.

Objective:To compare the effectiveness of sacral nerve electric stimulation (SNES) and sacral nerve magnetic stimulation (SNMS) in treating patients with refractory neurogenic bladder (NB).Methods:Forty-six patients with NB after a spinal cord or cauda equina injury were randomly divided into an SNMS group and an SNES group, each of 23. In addition to basic bladder intervention, the SNMS group was treated with SNMS in the sacral 3 (S3) nerve root area once a day for 21 minutes, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. The SNES group received 24h uninterrupted SNES treatment for 4 consecutive weeks. The bladder pressure-volume assessment indexes, voiding diary indexes, and scores on the Chinese version of the Simplified Health Assessment Scale (SF-Qualiveen) were compared between the two groups before and after 4 weeks of treatment.Results:After the treatment, the safe bladder capacity, average daily number of micturitions, average daily single micturition volume, average daily single maximum micturition volume, average daily number of catheterizations, and average daily single maximum catheterization volume of both groups had improved significantly. After the treatment, the maximum intravesical pressure of the bladder (storage period), bladder compliance, average daily single catheterization volume, and SF-Qua-liveen scores of the SNES group had improved significantly. And that group′s average safe bladder capacity, bladder compliance, daily number of micturitions and average daily single catheterization volume were significantly better than the SNMS group′s averages. The SNES group′s average maximum intravesical bladder pressure and average SF-Qualiveen score were also significantly better.Conclusion:Both SNMS and SNES can improve urine storage and voiding for those with refractory NB in the short term, but SNES is clinically more effective and better improves patients′ life quality.

Objective To study the effect and duration of point-of-use filters on the improvement of endoscopic fi-nal rinse water quality.Methods The final rinse water end at the gastroscope manual cleaning workstation in the Endoscopy Centre of the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University was selected to install a tap ter-minal filter;five specimens of final rinse water were collected consecutively before the installation,immediately after the installation,and 1-11 weeks after the installation.At each sampling time,the staff responsible for clea-ning and disinfecting were asked whether the flow rate of discharged water could satisfy the working demand;the final rinse water was inoculated on R2A culture medium with membrane filter method,bacterial colony forming unit(CFU)was calculated after 30℃ incubation for 5 days.Results The qualified rates of endoscopic final rinse water before point-of-use filter installation was 0,immediately after and 1-9 weeks after installation were both 100％,10 and 11 weeks after installation were 80.0％and 20.0％,respectively.The mean CFU of endoscopic final rinse wa-ter before point-of-use filter installation was 102 CFU/100 mL,immediately after and 1-9 weeks after installation were both ≤2 CFU/100 mL,10 and 11 weeks after installation were 8 and 18 CFU/100 mL,respectively.The feedback from the cleaning and disinfection staff before installation,immediately after installation,and 1-11 weeks after installation indicated that the flow rate of discharged water gradually slowed down over time,but could still meet the work requirements.Conclusion The point-of-use filter can quickly and effectively improve the quality of endoscopic final rinse water,with use duration of up to 9 weeks after installation;Its biggest advantage is that it can serve as the final barrier to all integrated measures,playing a supplementary role in case of any problems occu-rring in the front-end process,and ensuring the microbial quality of the final rinse water to the greatest extent possible.

Objective To explore the roles of the mechanoreceptor Yes-associated protein 1(YAP1)and piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 2(PIEZO2)in mechanotransduction in mouse bladder urothelial cells.Methods Mouse bladder urothelial cells were subjected to mechanical stretching using the FX-6000T cell stretching system and treated with the YAP1-specific inhibitor verteporfin(VP).The expressions of PIEZO2,YAP1 and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)at the mRNA and protein levels,as well as changes in cellular adenosine triphosphatase(ATP)concentration,were detected using reverse transcription quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting(WB).Results After stretching stimulation,under the fluorescence microscope,it was observed that the diameter length of the stretched cells were longer than that before stretching,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The expressions of YAP1,PIEZO2 and CTGF at the mRNA and protein levels were increased in the stretched group compared to those of the non-stretched group(P＜0.05).VP effectively reduced the expressions of YAP1,PIEZO2 and CTGF at the mRNA and protein levels after stretching stimulation(P＜0.05).Stretching stimulation significantly increased the intracellular ATP concentration,while VP was able to inhibit the increase in ATP concentration,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.000 1).Conclusion Stretching stimulation increased the expressions of YAP1 and PIEZO2 in bladder urothelial cells and promoted the release of ATP;verteporfin inhibited the increase in YAP1 activity and the overexpression of PIEZO2 caused by stretching,thereby reducing the release of ATP.It is suggested that mouse bladder urothelial cells may primarily sense mechanical signals through the YAP1-PIEZO2-ATP pathway.

Lens injury is an important etiological factor in the reduction of visual function following ocular trauma.Currently, there are no clear standards for the classification of lens injury, and comprehensive diagnostic tools are lacking.This deficiency leads to numerous controversies and challenges in critical areas, such as diagnosis and preoperative evalution, timing of surgery, surgical strategy, and assessment of postoperative prognosis.Tomographic imaging technology, such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, optical coherence tomography, has introduced a new dimension to the evaluation of lens injury, which is crucial for assessing the transparency, texture, location, morphology, and integrity of the lens, as well as the zonules and nearby intraocular structures.However, the use of tomographic imaging technology is somewhat limited due to the limitations of relying on a single method.With the ongoing advancement of imaging technologies and the rapid development of big data and artificial intelligence, tomographic imaging will become an increasingly essential tool in the future management of lens injury.Our expert group reviewed the epidemiological characteristics and classification of lens injury and the major challenges currently faced in the diagnosis and treatment of lens injury, and provided expert recommendations mainly focusing on the application, shortcomings and limitations of current tomographic imaging technology in the diagnosis and treatment of lens injury, and future development directions.