Objective:To explore the role of the gut microbiota in the effect of orlistat on pancreatic exocrine function in mice.Methods:Sixty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into normal drinking water group and antibiotic group by using random number table method. In antibiotic group, vancomycin hydrochloride 0.5 g/L, ampicillin sodium 1 g/L, neomycin sulfate 1 g/L and metronidazole 1 g/L were added to the drinking water, which were administrated in combination for 2 weeks. The normal drinking water group and the antibiotic group were fed by normal diet (ND group, AND group), high-starch diet (HSD group, AHSD group), and high-fat diet (HFD group, AHFD group), respectively. The six groups were then gavaged with orlistat (O, 50 mg/kg) twice a day on the basis of the same diet, and were designated as ND+O group, AND+O group, HSD+O group, AHSD+O group, HFD+O group and AHFD+O group. The corresponding control groups were gavaged with the same amount of sterilized water, and the antibiotic group continued to drink antibiotic water. The intervention lasted for 12 weeks. Body weight and pancreatic weight were measured and recorded, and the pancreatic-to-body weight ratio was calculated. Blood samples were collected for the detection of inflammatory factor IL-6 and TNF α by ELISA. Pancreatic tissues were harvested for hematoxylin-eosin staining and subsequent pathological evaluation. Proteins were extracted from pancreatic tissues, and Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression levels of pancreatic lipase and amylase.Results:In condition of normal diet and high fat diet, the body weights in the HFD group, HFD+O group, AHFD group [(37.22±4.49), (32.36±1.12), (33.64±2.52)g], were higher than that of ND group, ND+O group and AND group [(29.46±2.48), (27.48±1.98), (24.78±1.50)g], respectively; while the body weight of HFD+O group and AHFD+O group[(32.36±1.12), (27.82±0.61)g] were greatly lower than that of HFD group and AHFD group [(37.22±4.49), (33.64±2.52)g], respectively and body weight of ANFD+O group decreased to the level of normal diet group. In condition of normal diet, high fat diet and high starch diet, the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio was significantly higher in ND+O group (7.51±1.51)mg/g than ND group (5.19±1.06)mg/g, in HSD+O group and AHSD+O group [(6.68±0.34), (6.80±0.72)mg/g] higher than HSD group (4.37±0.91), in HFD+O group and AHFD+O group [(6.43±0.20), (6.67±0.53)mg/g] higher than HFD group (4.58±0.42)mg/g. The pancreatic acinar cells in mice from the ND+O, AND, AND+O, HSD+O, AHSD, AHSD+O, HFD+O, AHFD, and AHFD+O groups had significantly higher density of zymogen granules and exhibited larger eosinophilic stained area. The expression of pancreatic lipase was higher in AND+O group (1.96±0.39) than ND group and ND+O group [(1.00±0.28), (1.16±0.49)], in AHSD+O group (1.70±0.36) than HSD group (0.83±0.15), in AHFD+O group (1.71±0.45) than HFD group and HFD+O group [(0.89±0.23), (0.98±0.17)]. All the differences above were statistically significant (all P values <0.05). Conclusions:The gut microbiota can reduce the damage of orlistat to exocrine function of the pancreas and has a protective effect on the exocrine function of the pancreas.

Objective:To explore the role of the gut microbiota in the effect of orlistat on pancreatic exocrine function in mice.Methods:Sixty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into normal drinking water group and antibiotic group by using random number table method. In antibiotic group, vancomycin hydrochloride 0.5 g/L, ampicillin sodium 1 g/L, neomycin sulfate 1 g/L and metronidazole 1 g/L were added to the drinking water, which were administrated in combination for 2 weeks. The normal drinking water group and the antibiotic group were fed by normal diet (ND group, AND group), high-starch diet (HSD group, AHSD group), and high-fat diet (HFD group, AHFD group), respectively. The six groups were then gavaged with orlistat (O, 50 mg/kg) twice a day on the basis of the same diet, and were designated as ND+O group, AND+O group, HSD+O group, AHSD+O group, HFD+O group and AHFD+O group. The corresponding control groups were gavaged with the same amount of sterilized water, and the antibiotic group continued to drink antibiotic water. The intervention lasted for 12 weeks. Body weight and pancreatic weight were measured and recorded, and the pancreatic-to-body weight ratio was calculated. Blood samples were collected for the detection of inflammatory factor IL-6 and TNF α by ELISA. Pancreatic tissues were harvested for hematoxylin-eosin staining and subsequent pathological evaluation. Proteins were extracted from pancreatic tissues, and Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression levels of pancreatic lipase and amylase.Results:In condition of normal diet and high fat diet, the body weights in the HFD group, HFD+O group, AHFD group [(37.22±4.49), (32.36±1.12), (33.64±2.52)g], were higher than that of ND group, ND+O group and AND group [(29.46±2.48), (27.48±1.98), (24.78±1.50)g], respectively; while the body weight of HFD+O group and AHFD+O group[(32.36±1.12), (27.82±0.61)g] were greatly lower than that of HFD group and AHFD group [(37.22±4.49), (33.64±2.52)g], respectively and body weight of ANFD+O group decreased to the level of normal diet group. In condition of normal diet, high fat diet and high starch diet, the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio was significantly higher in ND+O group (7.51±1.51)mg/g than ND group (5.19±1.06)mg/g, in HSD+O group and AHSD+O group [(6.68±0.34), (6.80±0.72)mg/g] higher than HSD group (4.37±0.91), in HFD+O group and AHFD+O group [(6.43±0.20), (6.67±0.53)mg/g] higher than HFD group (4.58±0.42)mg/g. The pancreatic acinar cells in mice from the ND+O, AND, AND+O, HSD+O, AHSD, AHSD+O, HFD+O, AHFD, and AHFD+O groups had significantly higher density of zymogen granules and exhibited larger eosinophilic stained area. The expression of pancreatic lipase was higher in AND+O group (1.96±0.39) than ND group and ND+O group [(1.00±0.28), (1.16±0.49)], in AHSD+O group (1.70±0.36) than HSD group (0.83±0.15), in AHFD+O group (1.71±0.45) than HFD group and HFD+O group [(0.89±0.23), (0.98±0.17)]. All the differences above were statistically significant (all P values <0.05). Conclusions:The gut microbiota can reduce the damage of orlistat to exocrine function of the pancreas and has a protective effect on the exocrine function of the pancreas.

Objective:To establish UPLC fingerprint method and 2 contents determination methods of Buddleja officinalis; To provide a reference for improving the quality control standard and evaluation of Buddleja officinalis from different habitats.Methods:UPLC method was used to establish the fingerprints of 17 batches of Buddleja officinalis. The similarity evaluation, clustering analysis, principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to compare the quality differences of Buddleja officinalis from different habitats. The contents of acteoside and linarin in Buddleja officinalis were determined.Results:There were 12 common peaks in UPLC fingerprints of Buddleja officinalis, six of which were identified as echinacoside, acteoside, cynaroside, isoacteoside, linarin, and apigenin. The fingerprint similarity of 17 batches of Buddleja officinalis was more than 0.9; Buddleja officinalis from different habitats were classified into 2 groups. Five differential markers were determined by OPLS-DA analysis. The order of significance was acteoside > peak 3 > echinacoside > isoacteoside > linarin. Edgeworthia chrysantha was identified by the method of fingerprint as counterfeit. The results of content determination showed that the content of Buddleja officinalis in Hubei and Sichuan was the high and stable.Conclusion:The method can effectively analyze the differences of Buddleja officinalis from different habitats, and provide reference for the quality control of Buddleja officinalis.

Objective:To establish HPLC fingerprints of Aristolochia contorta and honey-processed Aristolochia contorta; To analyze the changes of chemical components before and after honey processing with multivariate statistics; To provide a reference for the study on the toxicity reduction of Aristolochia contorta.Methods:The fingerprints of 11 batches of Aristolochia contorta and honey-processed Aristolochia contorta were established through HPLC. Clustering analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and independent sample t-test were used to compare the changes of chemical components of Aristolochia contorta before and after honey processing.Results:The results showed that there were 14 common peaks in the fingerprints of Aristolochia contorta and Aristolochia contorta. 7 common peaks were identified. Both HCA and PCA could clearly distinguish the samples of Aristolochia contorta before and after honey processing. OPLS-DA found and screened 7 differential markers, and the order of difference significance was peak 3 > peak 7 (7-hydroxy aristolochic acid A) > peak 5 (aristolochic acid C)> peak 8 (aristolochic acid D) > peak 6 > peak 2 (Magnolia alkaloid) > peak 14 (aristolochic acid Ⅰ). After honey processing, the content of chemical components represented by peaks 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 14 decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:This method is simple and specific, which can be used for the fingerprint analysis of Aristolochia contorta and honey-processed Aristolochia contorta, and can effectively distinguish Aristolochia contorta and honey-processed Aristolochia contorta, and provide a reference for the processing research of toxicity reduction of Aristolochia contorta honey processing.

Objective:To establish the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) fingerprint and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) content determination method of Curcumae Radix standard decoction; To predict the quality markers of Curcumae Radix standard decoction combined with network pharmacology.Methods:UPLC method was used to establish the fingerprint of Curcumae Radix standard decoction, and the common peaks were determined. Combined with chemical pattern recognition techniques such as similarity analysis and clustering analysis, Curcumae Radix standard decoction from different producing areas was studied, and curcumol was used as an index to determine the content of 24 batches of Curcumae Radix standard decoction. At the same time, network pharmacology was used to predict potential of curcumol and (1S, 6β)-1β-Methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-7β-(3-oxobutyl) bicyclo [4.1.0] heptan-3-one.Results:A total of 24 batches of Curcumae Radix standard decoction from different habitats were compared and analyzed, and 10 common peaks were calibrated. The similarity of 24 batches of samples ranged from 0.982 to 0.999. Clustering analysis and principal component analysis divided them into three categories. Heat map analysis showed that peak 8 (curcumol) and peak 9 ((1S, 6β)-1β-Methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-7β-(3-oxobutyl) bicyclo [4.1.0] heptan-3-one) were the main components. The content of curcumol in 24 batches of Curcumae Radix standard decoction was 0.69-1.87 mg/g; curcumol and (1S, 6β)-1β-Methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-7β- (3-oxobutyl) bicyclo [4.1.0] heptan-3-one may regulate the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway, calcium signaling, and excitation by regulating neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway, calcium signaling, and excitation. It was preliminarily predicted that curcumol and (1S, 6β)-1β-Methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-7β-(3-oxobutyl) bicyclo [4.1.0] heptan-3-one were potential quality markers of Curcumae Radix.Conclusion:Curcumol and (1S, 6β)-1β-Methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-7β-(3-oxobutyl) bicyclo [4.1.0] heptan-3-one are potential quality markers of Curcumae Radix standard decoction, and the established fingerprint can be used for the quality control of Curcumae Radix standard decoction.

Objective To establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)fingerprint and multi-index content determination method of Siraitiae fructus standard decoction.Methods 15 batches of Siraitiae fructus from different producing areas were collected,Siraitiae fructus standard decoction was prepared according to Technical Requirements for Quality Control and Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules,and the extract rate was calculated.UPLC was used to establish the fingerprint of 15 batches of Siraitiae fructus standard decoction and determine the contents of 11-O-mogroside V,kaempferitrin and mogroside V,which were the main effective components.The chemometrics analysis was used to evaluate the quality of Siraitiae fructus standard decoction and find possible quality markers.Results The extraction rate of 15 batches Siraitiae fructus standard decoction ranged from 24.79％to 34.95％.There were 16 common peaks in the fingerprint,and 4 components were identified.The Siraitiae fructus standard decoction was divided into 2 categories by chemometrics analysis,among which samples from Liuzhou,Guangxi were in one category and samples from Guilin,Guangxi were in another category.Seven differential markers were screened out under the condition of variable importance projection value,and the order was as follows:peak 8＞peak 7＞peak 5＞peak 12(kaempferitrin)＞peak 1＞peak 13＞peak 4.The contents of kaempferitrin,11-O-mogroside V and mogroside V in samples from Guilin,Guangxi were slightly higher than those in samples from Liuzhou,Guangxi.Conclusion The UPLC fingerprint and content determination method established in this study are feasible,which can provide a basis for the quality evaluation of Siraitiae fructus.The results of principal component analysis show that kaempferol is likely to become a quality marker of Siraitiae fructus.

Objective:To establish UPLC fingerprint method of Buddlejae Flos standard decoction and determination method of acteoside and linarin.Methods:UPLC method was used to establish the fingerprints of 17 batches of Buddlejae Flos standard decoction. Similarity evaluation and clustering analysis were carried out on the fingerprints of Buddlejae Flos standard decoction; the chromatographic peaks of standard decoction were identified by mass spectrometry and compared with the reference materials; the contents of acteoside and linarin in Buddlejae Flos standard decoction were determined by HPLC.Results:There were 11 common peaks in the fingerprint of Buddlejae Flos standard decoction and 6 of them were identified. The similarity of the 17 batch samples was between 0.972 and 0.999. Clustering analysis classified 17 batches of Buddlejae Flos standard decoction into two categories; edgeworthia chrysantha standard decoction was identified by the method of fingerprint as counterfeit; the content determination results showed that the contents of acteoside and linarin in the standard decoction prepared from Buddlejae Flos of in Hubei and Sichuan Provinces were higher than others and were more stable.Conclusion:The method can be used to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Buddlejae Flos standard decoction and provide reference for establishing the quality standard of Buddlejae Flos dispensing granules.

Humans ; Consensus ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy* ; Neuroendocrine Tumors/therapy*

Hereditary thyroxine protein amyloidosis (ATTRv) is one of the most common forms of systemic and ocular amyloidosis, characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance, incomplete penetrance, and diverse manifestations. ATTRv deposition leads to visual impairment and even irreversible visual loss, which has a negative impact on the quality of life of patients. The diagnostic rate of pathological examination and genetic testing in ATTRv patients is low, and the detection rate of systemic amyloid lesions is low. We need to increase our awareness of this disease and gain a deeper understanding of its systemic manifestations and corresponding examination methods; genetic testing is conducted on the proband's family to investigate the relationship between different gene mutations and eye manifestations. In the future, multidisciplinary consultations can be conducted to jointly diagnose and treat patients with ATTRv eye involvement, conducting large-scale and long-term follow-up studies on the early clinical characteristics, treatment plans, efficacy, possible complications, and early prevention, in order to improve clinical diagnosis rate, reduce misdiagnosis rate, and improve patient prognosis.

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a destructive pest native to America and has recently become an invasive insect pest in China. Because of its rapid spread and great risks in China, understanding of FAW genetic background and pesticide resistance is urgent and essential to develop effective management strategies. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of a male FAW (SFynMstLFR) and compared re-sequencing results of the populations from America, Africa, and China. Strain identification of 163 individuals collected from America, Africa and China showed that both C and R strains were found in the American populations, while only C strain was found in the Chinese and African populations. Moreover, population genomics analysis showed that populations from Africa and China have close relationship with significantly genetic differentiation from American populations. Taken together, FAWs invaded into China were most likely originated from Africa. Comparative genomics analysis displayed that the cytochrome p450 gene family is extremely expanded to 425 members in FAW, of which 283 genes are specific to FAW. Treatments of Chinese populations with twenty-three pesticides showed the variant patterns of transcriptome profiles, and several detoxification genes such as AOX, UGT and GST specially responded to the pesticides. These findings will be useful in developing effective strategies for management of FAW in China and other invaded areas.
Animals ; China ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Pesticides ; Spodoptera/genetics* ; Transcriptome