Quercus acuta Thunb. (Q. acuta) is a subtropical, evergreen, broad-leaved tree with excellent carbonsequestration capacity and ecological adaptability. However, the phytochemical composition of fruits, particularly phenolic marker compounds, has not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, the biological activities of water and ethanol extracts of Q. acuta fruits were evaluated, and a high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD)-based method for the quantification of marker compounds was established and validated. MTT assays showed no cytotoxicity at concentrations of 5–20 μg/mL, and the water extract significantly inhibited UVB-induced MMP-1 expression in HaCaT keratinocytes. Gallic acid and ellagic acid in Q. acuta fruits were confirmed as marker compounds, and the validated method demonstrated excellent linearity (R² > 0.999), recovery, and precision (RSD < 2.0%). Quantitative analysis revealed that the water extract contained higher levels of phenolic compounds compared with the 70% and 100% ethanol extracts. These findings support the stability and biological efficacy of phenolic marker compounds in aqueous environments and suggest the potential industrial applications of Q. acuta fruit extracts.

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes of ocular syphilis in patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. METHODS: A total of 45 eyes from 39 patients with ocular syphilis confirmed by serologic tests were reviewed retrospectively. The included cases were all non-HIV-infected patients presenting with intraocular inflammation from 2002 to 2014 at Kyung Hee University Hospital. Medical records of 45 eyes were analyzed and included best-corrected visual acuity and ophthalmologic examination findings of the anterior and posterior segments to determine the focus of inflammation. Optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography findings as well as both medical and surgical management were also analyzed. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 61.0 years (range, 37 to 89 years). Bilateral ocular involvement occurred in 6 patients (15.4%), and diagnoses at presentation were most frequently related to posterior uveitis (38%), followed by panuveitis (29%) and optic neuritis (11%). Isolated interstitial keratitis and intermediate uveitis were uncommon (4%, both). Twenty-eight eyes (62.2%) were treated with penicillin, and 11 eyes (24.4%) underwent surgical treatment. The mean baseline best corrected visual acuity was 0.79 ± 0.59 (mean ± standard deviation, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) and significantly improved to 0.60 ± 0.63 at the final follow-up after treatment (p = 0.019). Mean visual improvement was significantly greater in the penicillin-treated group (p = 0.001). Visual impairment at the final visit occurred in 11 eyes (24.4%). Among the visual impairment group, 10 eyes (90.1%) had posterior segment-involving uveitis. CONCLUSIONS: Visual outcomes of treated, non-HIV-related ocular syphilis were favorable regardless of time to presentation. Posterior segment-involving uveitis at presentation was associated with poor visual outcome.
Diagnosis ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; HIV ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Keratitis ; Medical Records ; Optic Neuritis ; Panuveitis ; Penicillins ; Retrospective Studies ; Serologic Tests ; Syphilis* ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Uveitis ; Uveitis, Intermediate ; Uveitis, Posterior ; Vision Disorders ; Visual Acuity

Alveolar Bone Loss ; Alveolar Process ; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation ; Bone Regeneration ; Dentistry ; Female ; Humans ; Inlays ; Mandible ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Titanium ; Transplants