ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on pulmonary function, exercise endurance and clinical symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MethodsRandomized controlled trials on the effect of TEAS on COPD were systematically searched in CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP Database, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library from inception to March, 2025. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted data. The methodological quality of the included researches was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 5.1.0 risk-of-bias tool and the PEDro scale. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4. ResultsA total of eleven studies involving 542 patients were included. Scores of PEDro scale ranged from five to nine. TEAS significantly improved forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) (MD = 0.19, 95%CI 0.08 to 0.29, P < 0.001), FEV₁/forced vital capacity (MD = 5.15, 95%CI 4.21 to 6.09, P < 0.001), FEV₁% predicted (MD = 8.46, 95%CI 5.71 to 11.22, P < 0.001), peak expiratory flow (MD = 0.18, 95%CI 0.05 to 0.31, P = 0.006), and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score (MD = -3.60, 95%CI -4.81 to -2.40, P < 0.001). Distance of 6-minute walk test increased significantly (MD = 25.97, 95%CI 7.88 to 44.05, P = 0.005), however, after sensitivity analysis, the magnitude of improvement was limited and did not reach the minimal clinically important difference threshold. Subgroup analysis showed that multi-acupoint intervention was more effective than single-acupoint intervention (MD = 0.29 vs. 0.12), and one to two weeks of intervention was the most effective (MD = 0.37). TEAS combined with conventional medication or exercise training showed synergistic benefits. ConclusionTEAS helps improve pulmonary function and clinical symptoms in patients with COPD. TEAS combined with conventional interventions may produce synergistically enhanced effects.

Organoid technology， a rapidly advancing three-dimensional （3D） cell culture platform， can closely mimic the microarchitecture and functions of human digestive organs， effectively overcoming the limitations of conventional two-dimensional cell models and animal experiments. By systematically summarizing the distinctive strengths of organoid technology in simulating digestive physiological and pathological states， constructing digestive system disease models， enabling high-throughput drug screening， and facilitating personalized treatment， this review explored the potential applications of organoids in identifying active components of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） formulas， evaluating in vitro pharmacokinetics and toxicological parameters， and investigating multi-target synergistic mechanisms. By integrating cutting-edge engineering technologies， organoids are expected to provide a more scientific research platform for TCM， accelerate the modernization of its mechanistic studies， and enhance its scientific value and global impact.

The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis(UC)is still unclear,and the pathogenesis based on intestinal mucosal immune imbalance is now widely recognized."Spleen as the defense"refers to the function of the spleen to protect the body and defend against pathogenic factors,which is highly consistent with modern mucosal immunology theory.The abnormal function of"Spleen as the defense"is the key reason for the immune imbalance of UC intestinal mucosa.In this paper,"spleen as the defense"as the starting point,to explore the mechanism of UC intestinal mucosal immune dysfunction,to consolidate the theoretical basis for the treatment of UC based on spleen,and to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of UC from the perspective of restoring intestinal mucosal immune homeostasis.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs).Methods Clinical and pathological data of the 32 GISTs cases treated over the recent 5 years in our hospital were reviewed retrospectively.Results Stomach was the most frequent site for GISTs.Abdominal pain was the most common symptom.Before operation,81.3%(26/32) of the cases were misdiagnosed.All of the cases underwent surgical resection.10 recurrent GIST patients received a second resection,and 8 patients(underwant) three or more resections.Follow-up was made from six months to 5 years,and 8 patients died.Conclusions The diagnosis of GISTs is difficult and mainly depends on histopathology and(immunohistochemistry).Surgical resection is the principal treatment of GISTs.Reoperation is effective for the treatment of recurrent cases.