Gastroesophageal reflux is one of the most prevalent postoperative complications in patients with esophageal cancer, mainly manifested as heartburn and acid regurgitation. It can disturb sleep and trigger negative emotions, seriously impairing patients’ postoperative recovery process and long-term quality of life. This article reviews gastroesophageal reflux from five aspects: main clinical manifestations, hazards, assessment tools, influencing factors, and non-pharmacological interventions. It sorts out the advantages and disadvantages of existing assessment scales, analyzes risk factors related to surgery and individual patients, and summarizes the research status of non-pharmacological interventions including posture adjustment, diet modification and exercise. It aims to raise clinical healthcare professionals’ awareness of identifying and managing patients with postoperative reflux, and provide references for conducting assessments and formulating individualized comprehensive intervention schemes.

The integration of multi-source data and the establishment of early warning indicator systems constitute pivotal elements for advancing surveillance and early warning capacities in respiratory infectious diseases. Given the multifaceted transmission mechanisms and complex contributing factors inherent in respiratory infectious diseases, surveillance datasets and associated early warning indicators demonstrate notable heterogeneity and sophisticated interrelationships. Furthermore, as surveillance and early warning requirements significantly vary across diverse epidemiological scenarios, accurate assessment of the value and applicability of distinct data types and indicators is imperative. This paper systematically reviews and synthesizes recent advancements in surveillance data and early warning indicators for respiratory infectious diseases, drawing on both domestic and international research. Particular attention is dedicated to analyzing the applicability and efficacy of various data types and indicators within multiple practical contexts, aiming to provide robust theoretical frameworks and methodological guidance to facilitate the development of resilient and efficient surveillance and early warning systems for respiratory infectious diseases.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the influence of the dimensional stability of 3D printed resin master model on the replication accuracy of implant replicas. METHODS: Ten digital impressions of patients undergoing continuous crowns or fixed bridge restoration supported by two implants were obtained, and resin models with implant replicas were 3D printed. Scanning rods were fixed on the replicas 3, 7, and 14 days after printing. The 3D, linear, and angular deviations of the scanning rods at different times were analyzed through Geomagic Wrap 2021 software. RESULTS: The position of the replicas shifted mesiolingually, in the same direction as the shrinkage of the model. From day 7 onward, the 3D, distance linear, and angular deviations of the replicas (scanning rod) significantly increased compared with those on the 3rd day (P<0.05). On the 14th day, the changes were even more pronounced, with the above deviations showing statistical significance (P<0.05) compared with those for the 3-day and 7-day groups. No statistical difference in height linear deviation was observed among the groups. CONCLUSIONS The insufficient dimensional stability of 3D printed resin models can lead to changes in the relative position and angle of the replicas, thereby affecting the accuracy of the replicas in recreating the implant's position. Complete manufacturing of prosthesis is recommended within 7 days after the model is printed.
Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Humans ; Dental Implants ; Models, Dental ; Dental Impression Technique ; Crowns

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the accuracy of a self-developed extraoral scanning system based on four-camera stereophotogrammetric technology in the acquisition of three-dimensional positional information on dental implants and conduct a comparative study involving an intraoral scanning system. METHODS: With the use of an in vitro edentulous jaw model with implants, extraoral (experimental group) and intraoral (control group) scanning systems were employed to obtain STL (Standard Tessellation Language) datasets containing three-dimensional morphological and positional information on scan bodies. In addition, a dental model scanner was used to obtain reference data. The three-dimensional morphological, linear, and angular deviations between groups and reference data were analyzed using Geomagic Wrap 2021 software to compare trueness and precision. RESULTS: The extraoral scanning system demonstrated superior trueness in three-dimensional morphological, linear, and angular deviations compared with the intraoral scanning system, with statistically significant differences (P<0.001). The extraoral scanning system also showed a higher precision in three-dimensional morphological deviation (P<0.001). As the number of implants increased, the extraoral scanning system exhibited increased three-dimensional morphological and linear deviations (P<0.001) but maintained a stable angular deviation. The intraoral scanning system displayed significant increases in three-dimensional morphological, linear, and angular deviations with the increase in the number of implants (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The stereophotogrammetry-based extraoral scanning system outperforms intraoral scanning system in terms of the accuracy for multi-unit implant positioning and provides a novel approach for attaining a fully digital workflow for implant rehabilitation in edentulous jaws.
Jaw, Edentulous ; Humans ; Dental Impression Technique ; Dental Implants ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods* ; Photogrammetry/methods* ; Models, Dental

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of a self-developed extraoral scanning system based on photogrammetry technology, and to provide evidence for advancing the development and clinical application evaluation of domestically produced scanning devices.Methods:This research group developed a photogrammetry-based implant extraoral scanning system with customized scan bodies. Two distinct edentulous implant resin models were designed and three-dimensional (3D)-printed by Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, containing 6 (Model 1) and 8 (Model 2) abutment analogs respectively. Reference data acquisition was performed using a high-precision denture 3D scanner with scan caps mounted on the analogs. Specialized scan bodies were then mounted on the analogs for 3D positional data acquisition using both the self-developed system (experimental group) and the clinically established system (control group). Each system conducted 10 repeated scans per model. Trueness was assessed through root mean square error (RMSE), linear deviation (LD), and angular deviation (AD) relative to reference data, while precision was determined through intra-group RMSE analysis. Systematic comparisons included inter-group performance on identical models and intra-group variability across different models.Results:For Model 1, the experimental group showed statistically significant advantages over controls in intra-group RMSE [(3.10±0.71) μm vs (4.61±1.51) μm, P<0.001], reference-data RMSE [(21.48±0.60) μm vs (32.50±0.63) μm, P<0.001], linear deviation [23.64 (32.35) μm vs 44.86 (55.73) μm, P<0.001], and angular deviation [0.29° (0.29°) vs 0.23° (0.33°), P<0.001]. In Model 2, significant improvements were observed in intra-group RMSE [(4.47±1.58) μm vs (6.21±2.07) μm, P<0.001], reference-data RMSE [(38.84±0.86) μm vs (43.69±1.34) μm, P<0.001], and linear deviation [37.95 (50.68) μm vs 49.71 (58.89) μm, P<0.001]. Both groups exhibited model-dependent variability, with RMSE of precision and trueness of both groups, linear deviation of experimental group, angular deviation of control group showing statistically significant increases (all P<0.001) corresponding to abutment analog quantity. Conclusions:The self-developed scanning system demonstrates superior accuracy in 3D positional acquisition of abutment analogs compared to the contral group system, with implant number identified as a critical determinant of extraoral scanning accuracy.

The integration of multi-source data and the establishment of early warning indicator systems constitute pivotal elements for advancing surveillance and early warning capacities in respiratory infectious diseases. Given the multifaceted transmission mechanisms and complex contributing factors inherent in respiratory infectious diseases, surveillance datasets and associated early warning indicators demonstrate notable heterogeneity and sophisticated interrelationships. Furthermore, as surveillance and early warning requirements significantly vary across diverse epidemiological scenarios, accurate assessment of the value and applicability of distinct data types and indicators is imperative. This paper systematically reviews and synthesizes recent advancements in surveillance data and early warning indicators for respiratory infectious diseases, drawing on both domestic and international research. Particular attention is dedicated to analyzing the applicability and efficacy of various data types and indicators within multiple practical contexts, aiming to provide robust theoretical frameworks and methodological guidance to facilitate the development of resilient and efficient surveillance and early warning systems for respiratory infectious diseases.

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of a self-developed extraoral scanning system based on photogrammetry technology, and to provide evidence for advancing the development and clinical application evaluation of domestically produced scanning devices.Methods:This research group developed a photogrammetry-based implant extraoral scanning system with customized scan bodies. Two distinct edentulous implant resin models were designed and three-dimensional (3D)-printed by Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, containing 6 (Model 1) and 8 (Model 2) abutment analogs respectively. Reference data acquisition was performed using a high-precision denture 3D scanner with scan caps mounted on the analogs. Specialized scan bodies were then mounted on the analogs for 3D positional data acquisition using both the self-developed system (experimental group) and the clinically established system (control group). Each system conducted 10 repeated scans per model. Trueness was assessed through root mean square error (RMSE), linear deviation (LD), and angular deviation (AD) relative to reference data, while precision was determined through intra-group RMSE analysis. Systematic comparisons included inter-group performance on identical models and intra-group variability across different models.Results:For Model 1, the experimental group showed statistically significant advantages over controls in intra-group RMSE [(3.10±0.71) μm vs (4.61±1.51) μm, P<0.001], reference-data RMSE [(21.48±0.60) μm vs (32.50±0.63) μm, P<0.001], linear deviation [23.64 (32.35) μm vs 44.86 (55.73) μm, P<0.001], and angular deviation [0.29° (0.29°) vs 0.23° (0.33°), P<0.001]. In Model 2, significant improvements were observed in intra-group RMSE [(4.47±1.58) μm vs (6.21±2.07) μm, P<0.001], reference-data RMSE [(38.84±0.86) μm vs (43.69±1.34) μm, P<0.001], and linear deviation [37.95 (50.68) μm vs 49.71 (58.89) μm, P<0.001]. Both groups exhibited model-dependent variability, with RMSE of precision and trueness of both groups, linear deviation of experimental group, angular deviation of control group showing statistically significant increases (all P<0.001) corresponding to abutment analog quantity. Conclusions:The self-developed scanning system demonstrates superior accuracy in 3D positional acquisition of abutment analogs compared to the contral group system, with implant number identified as a critical determinant of extraoral scanning accuracy.

Objective To explore the role of serum leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein1(LRG1),neopterin(NPT)and virus antibodies during the progression of viral meningitis(VM)and their value in evaluating the condition and predicting the prognosis of VM in children.Methods A total of 130 pediatric patients with VM admitted to Kaifeng Children's Hospital from August 2020 to February 2023 were selected as the observation group,and at the same time,another 130 pediatric patients with VM symptoms who were diagnosed as non central nervous system infectious diseases by lumbar puncture cerebrospinal fluid examination were selected as the control group.After admission,2 mL peripheral venous blood of children in the two groups was collected,and the levels of serum LRG1 and NPT were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Before treatment,1 mL cerebrospinal fluid sample of children in the two groups was collected by lumbar puncture,and the host specific immuno-globulin G(IgG)against herpes simplex virus-I(HSV-I),cytomegalovirus(CMV),Epstein-Barr virus(EBV),and parain-fluenza virus(PIV)in cerebrospinal fluid was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The levels of serum LRG1 and NPT,as well as the positive rate of virus antibody IgG were compared between the two groups.The VM children were then divided into the severe group(n=54)and mild group(n=76)according to the disease severity,and they were divided into the good prognosis group(n=37)and poor prognosis group(n=93)based on the prognosis.The levels of serum IRG1 and NPT and the positive rate of virus antibody IgG were compared in children with different disease severity and prognosis.The correlation of serum LRG1,NPT and virus antibody with the disease severity or disease progression for pediatric VM was analyzed,and their interactive effects on the disease progression of children with VM were analyzed.The predictive value of serum LRG1,NPT and virus antibody for pediatric VM outcome was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The levels of serum LRG1 and NPT,as well as the positive rate of virus antibody IgG of children in the obser-vation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05);the levels of serum LRG1 and NPT,as well as the positive rate of virus antibody IgG of children in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the mild group(P＜0.05);the levels of serum LRG1 and NPT,as well as the positive rate of virus antibody IgG of children in the poor prognosis group were significantly higher than those in the good prognosis group(P＜0.05).High level of serum LRG1 with high positive rate of virus antibody IgG and high level of serum NPT with high positive rate of virus antibody IgG showed positive interactions in leading to poor prognosis in children with VM odds ratio(OR)=15.238,9.684).The submultiplicative models were applied for the high levels of serum LRG1 with high positive rate of virus antibody IgG(OR=15.238)and high levels of serum NPT with high positive rate of virus antibody IgG(OR=9.684).The area under the curve(AUC)for predicting poor prognosis in children with VM after 2 weeks of treatment by serum LRG1,NPT and virus antibody IgG were 0.786,0.794 and 0.919,respectively,and the AUC for the combined prediction of the three was 0.933;the AUC of LRG1,NPT and positive rate of virus antibody IgG for predicting poor prognosis in children with VM after 2 weeks of treatment was greater than that of the three alone(P＜0.05).Conclusion NPT and LRG1 may be involved in the development of VM.The levels of serum LRG1 and NPT are positively correlated with the severity and progression of VM.The levels of serum NPT and LRG1 and the positive rate of virus antibody IgG have certain value in the disease evaluation and prognosis prediction of VM,and the combination of the three has a higher predictive value for the prognosis of VM.There is a positive interaction between high LRG1 with high positive rate of virus antibody IgG,and high NPT with high positive rate of virus antibody IgG in children with VM.

Autologous ozonized blood transfusion(AOBT) is a therapy of re-transfusion of 100-200 mL of autologous blood after shaking and agitation with appropriate amount of oxygen-ozone in vitro. The oxidation of blood through the strong oxidation of ozone can enhance the non-specific immune response of the body, regulate the internal environment and promote health. This therapy has been increasingly applied in clinical practice, while no unified standard for the operation process in terms of ozone concentration, treatment frequency and treatment course had been established. This operation process of AOBT is primarily explored in order to standardize the operation process and ensure its safety and efficacy.

Objective To study the effects of aneurysmal neck angle on stent displacement after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Methods The CT images of 28 patients were selected to establish preoperative AAA model, postoperative AAA model and covered stent model respectively, and the models were divided into non-severe angulation group ( n = 14) and severe angulation group ( n = 14) according to the preoperative angle of tumor neck. The geometric shape of each model was measured, and the changes of AAA geometric parameters and postoperative stent displacements before and after surgery were analyzed. The displacement force of the model during the first follow-up was calculated by hemodynamic simulation. Results Significant differences were found in tumor length, maximum diameter, displacement force, tumor neck length and tumor volume between two groups of patients (P<0. 05), while there was no significant difference between COG (the center of gravity) displacement and proximal displacement (P> 0. 05). For the incidence of internal leakage, there were 2 cases in non-severe angulation group and 4 cases in severe angulation group (P>0. 05).Conclusions Severe neck angulation can lead to a significant increase in support displacement force and decrease in proximal anchorage zone, and thus increase the possibility of support displacement. It is suggested that doctors should strengthen postoperative follow-up for patients with severe neck angulation and be vigilant of the occurrence of long-term internal leakage in clinic.