The integration of multi-source data and the establishment of early warning indicator systems constitute pivotal elements for advancing surveillance and early warning capacities in respiratory infectious diseases. Given the multifaceted transmission mechanisms and complex contributing factors inherent in respiratory infectious diseases, surveillance datasets and associated early warning indicators demonstrate notable heterogeneity and sophisticated interrelationships. Furthermore, as surveillance and early warning requirements significantly vary across diverse epidemiological scenarios, accurate assessment of the value and applicability of distinct data types and indicators is imperative. This paper systematically reviews and synthesizes recent advancements in surveillance data and early warning indicators for respiratory infectious diseases, drawing on both domestic and international research. Particular attention is dedicated to analyzing the applicability and efficacy of various data types and indicators within multiple practical contexts, aiming to provide robust theoretical frameworks and methodological guidance to facilitate the development of resilient and efficient surveillance and early warning systems for respiratory infectious diseases.

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of a self-developed extraoral scanning system based on photogrammetry technology, and to provide evidence for advancing the development and clinical application evaluation of domestically produced scanning devices.Methods:This research group developed a photogrammetry-based implant extraoral scanning system with customized scan bodies. Two distinct edentulous implant resin models were designed and three-dimensional (3D)-printed by Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, containing 6 (Model 1) and 8 (Model 2) abutment analogs respectively. Reference data acquisition was performed using a high-precision denture 3D scanner with scan caps mounted on the analogs. Specialized scan bodies were then mounted on the analogs for 3D positional data acquisition using both the self-developed system (experimental group) and the clinically established system (control group). Each system conducted 10 repeated scans per model. Trueness was assessed through root mean square error (RMSE), linear deviation (LD), and angular deviation (AD) relative to reference data, while precision was determined through intra-group RMSE analysis. Systematic comparisons included inter-group performance on identical models and intra-group variability across different models.Results:For Model 1, the experimental group showed statistically significant advantages over controls in intra-group RMSE [(3.10±0.71) μm vs (4.61±1.51) μm, P<0.001], reference-data RMSE [(21.48±0.60) μm vs (32.50±0.63) μm, P<0.001], linear deviation [23.64 (32.35) μm vs 44.86 (55.73) μm, P<0.001], and angular deviation [0.29° (0.29°) vs 0.23° (0.33°), P<0.001]. In Model 2, significant improvements were observed in intra-group RMSE [(4.47±1.58) μm vs (6.21±2.07) μm, P<0.001], reference-data RMSE [(38.84±0.86) μm vs (43.69±1.34) μm, P<0.001], and linear deviation [37.95 (50.68) μm vs 49.71 (58.89) μm, P<0.001]. Both groups exhibited model-dependent variability, with RMSE of precision and trueness of both groups, linear deviation of experimental group, angular deviation of control group showing statistically significant increases (all P<0.001) corresponding to abutment analog quantity. Conclusions:The self-developed scanning system demonstrates superior accuracy in 3D positional acquisition of abutment analogs compared to the contral group system, with implant number identified as a critical determinant of extraoral scanning accuracy.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the influence of the dimensional stability of 3D printed resin master model on the replication accuracy of implant replicas. METHODS: Ten digital impressions of patients undergoing continuous crowns or fixed bridge restoration supported by two implants were obtained, and resin models with implant replicas were 3D printed. Scanning rods were fixed on the replicas 3, 7, and 14 days after printing. The 3D, linear, and angular deviations of the scanning rods at different times were analyzed through Geomagic Wrap 2021 software. RESULTS: The position of the replicas shifted mesiolingually, in the same direction as the shrinkage of the model. From day 7 onward, the 3D, distance linear, and angular deviations of the replicas (scanning rod) significantly increased compared with those on the 3rd day (P<0.05). On the 14th day, the changes were even more pronounced, with the above deviations showing statistical significance (P<0.05) compared with those for the 3-day and 7-day groups. No statistical difference in height linear deviation was observed among the groups. CONCLUSIONS The insufficient dimensional stability of 3D printed resin models can lead to changes in the relative position and angle of the replicas, thereby affecting the accuracy of the replicas in recreating the implant's position. Complete manufacturing of prosthesis is recommended within 7 days after the model is printed.
Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Humans ; Dental Implants ; Models, Dental ; Dental Impression Technique ; Crowns

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the accuracy of a self-developed extraoral scanning system based on four-camera stereophotogrammetric technology in the acquisition of three-dimensional positional information on dental implants and conduct a comparative study involving an intraoral scanning system. METHODS: With the use of an in vitro edentulous jaw model with implants, extraoral (experimental group) and intraoral (control group) scanning systems were employed to obtain STL (Standard Tessellation Language) datasets containing three-dimensional morphological and positional information on scan bodies. In addition, a dental model scanner was used to obtain reference data. The three-dimensional morphological, linear, and angular deviations between groups and reference data were analyzed using Geomagic Wrap 2021 software to compare trueness and precision. RESULTS: The extraoral scanning system demonstrated superior trueness in three-dimensional morphological, linear, and angular deviations compared with the intraoral scanning system, with statistically significant differences (P<0.001). The extraoral scanning system also showed a higher precision in three-dimensional morphological deviation (P<0.001). As the number of implants increased, the extraoral scanning system exhibited increased three-dimensional morphological and linear deviations (P<0.001) but maintained a stable angular deviation. The intraoral scanning system displayed significant increases in three-dimensional morphological, linear, and angular deviations with the increase in the number of implants (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The stereophotogrammetry-based extraoral scanning system outperforms intraoral scanning system in terms of the accuracy for multi-unit implant positioning and provides a novel approach for attaining a fully digital workflow for implant rehabilitation in edentulous jaws.
Jaw, Edentulous ; Humans ; Dental Impression Technique ; Dental Implants ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods* ; Photogrammetry/methods* ; Models, Dental

The integration of multi-source data and the establishment of early warning indicator systems constitute pivotal elements for advancing surveillance and early warning capacities in respiratory infectious diseases. Given the multifaceted transmission mechanisms and complex contributing factors inherent in respiratory infectious diseases, surveillance datasets and associated early warning indicators demonstrate notable heterogeneity and sophisticated interrelationships. Furthermore, as surveillance and early warning requirements significantly vary across diverse epidemiological scenarios, accurate assessment of the value and applicability of distinct data types and indicators is imperative. This paper systematically reviews and synthesizes recent advancements in surveillance data and early warning indicators for respiratory infectious diseases, drawing on both domestic and international research. Particular attention is dedicated to analyzing the applicability and efficacy of various data types and indicators within multiple practical contexts, aiming to provide robust theoretical frameworks and methodological guidance to facilitate the development of resilient and efficient surveillance and early warning systems for respiratory infectious diseases.

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of a self-developed extraoral scanning system based on photogrammetry technology, and to provide evidence for advancing the development and clinical application evaluation of domestically produced scanning devices.Methods:This research group developed a photogrammetry-based implant extraoral scanning system with customized scan bodies. Two distinct edentulous implant resin models were designed and three-dimensional (3D)-printed by Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, containing 6 (Model 1) and 8 (Model 2) abutment analogs respectively. Reference data acquisition was performed using a high-precision denture 3D scanner with scan caps mounted on the analogs. Specialized scan bodies were then mounted on the analogs for 3D positional data acquisition using both the self-developed system (experimental group) and the clinically established system (control group). Each system conducted 10 repeated scans per model. Trueness was assessed through root mean square error (RMSE), linear deviation (LD), and angular deviation (AD) relative to reference data, while precision was determined through intra-group RMSE analysis. Systematic comparisons included inter-group performance on identical models and intra-group variability across different models.Results:For Model 1, the experimental group showed statistically significant advantages over controls in intra-group RMSE [(3.10±0.71) μm vs (4.61±1.51) μm, P<0.001], reference-data RMSE [(21.48±0.60) μm vs (32.50±0.63) μm, P<0.001], linear deviation [23.64 (32.35) μm vs 44.86 (55.73) μm, P<0.001], and angular deviation [0.29° (0.29°) vs 0.23° (0.33°), P<0.001]. In Model 2, significant improvements were observed in intra-group RMSE [(4.47±1.58) μm vs (6.21±2.07) μm, P<0.001], reference-data RMSE [(38.84±0.86) μm vs (43.69±1.34) μm, P<0.001], and linear deviation [37.95 (50.68) μm vs 49.71 (58.89) μm, P<0.001]. Both groups exhibited model-dependent variability, with RMSE of precision and trueness of both groups, linear deviation of experimental group, angular deviation of control group showing statistically significant increases (all P<0.001) corresponding to abutment analog quantity. Conclusions:The self-developed scanning system demonstrates superior accuracy in 3D positional acquisition of abutment analogs compared to the contral group system, with implant number identified as a critical determinant of extraoral scanning accuracy.

Objective To explore the role of serum leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein1(LRG1),neopterin(NPT)and virus antibodies during the progression of viral meningitis(VM)and their value in evaluating the condition and predicting the prognosis of VM in children.Methods A total of 130 pediatric patients with VM admitted to Kaifeng Children's Hospital from August 2020 to February 2023 were selected as the observation group,and at the same time,another 130 pediatric patients with VM symptoms who were diagnosed as non central nervous system infectious diseases by lumbar puncture cerebrospinal fluid examination were selected as the control group.After admission,2 mL peripheral venous blood of children in the two groups was collected,and the levels of serum LRG1 and NPT were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Before treatment,1 mL cerebrospinal fluid sample of children in the two groups was collected by lumbar puncture,and the host specific immuno-globulin G(IgG)against herpes simplex virus-I(HSV-I),cytomegalovirus(CMV),Epstein-Barr virus(EBV),and parain-fluenza virus(PIV)in cerebrospinal fluid was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The levels of serum LRG1 and NPT,as well as the positive rate of virus antibody IgG were compared between the two groups.The VM children were then divided into the severe group(n=54)and mild group(n=76)according to the disease severity,and they were divided into the good prognosis group(n=37)and poor prognosis group(n=93)based on the prognosis.The levels of serum IRG1 and NPT and the positive rate of virus antibody IgG were compared in children with different disease severity and prognosis.The correlation of serum LRG1,NPT and virus antibody with the disease severity or disease progression for pediatric VM was analyzed,and their interactive effects on the disease progression of children with VM were analyzed.The predictive value of serum LRG1,NPT and virus antibody for pediatric VM outcome was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The levels of serum LRG1 and NPT,as well as the positive rate of virus antibody IgG of children in the obser-vation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05);the levels of serum LRG1 and NPT,as well as the positive rate of virus antibody IgG of children in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the mild group(P＜0.05);the levels of serum LRG1 and NPT,as well as the positive rate of virus antibody IgG of children in the poor prognosis group were significantly higher than those in the good prognosis group(P＜0.05).High level of serum LRG1 with high positive rate of virus antibody IgG and high level of serum NPT with high positive rate of virus antibody IgG showed positive interactions in leading to poor prognosis in children with VM odds ratio(OR)=15.238,9.684).The submultiplicative models were applied for the high levels of serum LRG1 with high positive rate of virus antibody IgG(OR=15.238)and high levels of serum NPT with high positive rate of virus antibody IgG(OR=9.684).The area under the curve(AUC)for predicting poor prognosis in children with VM after 2 weeks of treatment by serum LRG1,NPT and virus antibody IgG were 0.786,0.794 and 0.919,respectively,and the AUC for the combined prediction of the three was 0.933;the AUC of LRG1,NPT and positive rate of virus antibody IgG for predicting poor prognosis in children with VM after 2 weeks of treatment was greater than that of the three alone(P＜0.05).Conclusion NPT and LRG1 may be involved in the development of VM.The levels of serum LRG1 and NPT are positively correlated with the severity and progression of VM.The levels of serum NPT and LRG1 and the positive rate of virus antibody IgG have certain value in the disease evaluation and prognosis prediction of VM,and the combination of the three has a higher predictive value for the prognosis of VM.There is a positive interaction between high LRG1 with high positive rate of virus antibody IgG,and high NPT with high positive rate of virus antibody IgG in children with VM.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of bipolar plasmakinetic endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (BEEP) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in a day surgery mode.Methods:The clinical data of 162 BPH patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2021 to June 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into day group(80 cases) and conventional group(82 cases) according to hospitalization mode. In the day group, preoperative screening and anesthesia evaluation was completed during the pre-hospitalization period, and the patient was discharged within 24 hours. The two groups were treated with BEEP, the urethral mucosa was cut at a " Ω" 5 mm proximal to the external sphincter ring in front of the verumontanum. Following the standard of anatomical enucleation of the prostate, the gland tissue was cut out after enucleation. There were no significant differences in age [(63.6±8.9) years vs. (67.5±7.1) years], body mass index [(24.3 ±2.6) kg/m 2vs. (23.0±3.2) kg/m 2], prostate volume [(55.8±16.9) ml vs. (53.7±20.7) ml], preoperative prostate-specific antigen [3.8(1.2, 5.3)ng/ml vs. 3.5(2.1, 5.6)ng/ml], the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) [(25.9±5.2) vs. (26.3±5.9)], the quality of life score (QOL) [(5.0±0.7) vs.(5.0±0.6)], the maximum urine flow rate (Q max) [(8.2±4.5) ml/s vs. (7.9±4.1) ml/s] and residual urine volume (PVR) [49(0, 131) ml vs. 45(11, 106) ml] between the two groups ( P>0.05). The waiting time before admission was [(2.6±1.2) d vs. (5.3±1.5) d], and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The perioperative efficacy indicators, total hospitalization expenses and short-term postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results:In this study, all patients successfully completed the operation. There were no statistical significances in the perioperative indicators between the day group and the conventional group including the operation time [(38.4±15.2) min vs. (40.4±13.9) min], enucleated tissue weight [(34.6±9.6) g vs. (35.4±10.8) g], the decrease value of hemoglobin [(13.0±2.5) g/L vs. (12.0±3.7) g/L] and the decrease value of blood sodium [(2.2±0.9) mmol/L vs. (2.4±1.3) mmol/L]( P>0.05). The significant differences were observed in bladder irrigation time [(16.9±2.1)h vs. (22.7±12.1)h], catheterization time [(18.8±5.1) h vs.(65.6±13.0)h], postoperative hospital stay [(16.8±2.4)h vs. (64.8±6.3)h] and the total hospitalization expenses [(13 282.2±2 236.3) yuan vs. (15 969.3±2 420.6) yuan] between the day group and the conventional group ( P < 0.01). In the day group, 1 case was transferred to the general ward for observation for 1 day. There were no significant differences in the incidence of complications as urinary retention [6.3% (5/80) vs. 3.7% (3/82)], temporary incontinence [2.5% (2/80) vs. 2.4%(2/82)], urethra stricture [7.5% (6/80) vs. 6.1% (5/82)], and hematuria for intervention [1.3% (1/80) vs. 1.2% (1/82)]between the day group and the conventional group ( P > 0.05). After 6 months of follow-up, there were no significant differences in IPSS[(6.7±2.8) vs. (6.1±2.5)], QOL[(1.8±0.9) vs. (2.0±0.8)], Q max [(26.4±5.5)ml/s vs. (25.8±4.6)ml/s] and PVR [7(2, 11)ml vs. 5(4, 8)ml] between the two groups at 6 months after operation ( P > 0.05), but there were significant improvements when compared with those items of preoperation ( P < 0.01). Conclusions:The treatment of BPH with BEEP in the day surgery mode is as safe and effective as that in the conventional surgery mode, with little bleeding, high resection efficiency, definite therapeutic effect and low incidence of complications. BEEP can shorten the length of hospital stay and reduce medical expenses in the day surgery mode, and can be carried out in hospitals with conditions.

Objective:To analyze the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment in fusiform aneurysms at V4 segment of vertebral artery.Methods:Twenty-five patients with fusiform aneurysms at V4 segment of vertebral artery, accepted endovascular treatment in Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from May 2016 to January 2022 were chosen; their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. The short-term (within one month of surgery) and long-term (>8 months of surgery) complications were evaluated, including aneurysm re-bleeding and ischemic stroke. All patients were followed up for 3-21 months; aneurysm recurrence and parent arteries were evaluated by DSA. The prognosis of patients was evaluated by modified Rankin scale (mRS) at the last follow-up (mRS scores of 0-2 as good prognosis).Results:Twenty-six aneurysms involved in 25 patients, including 13 ruptured aneurysms and 13 un-ruptured aneurysms; 7 aneurysms were located at the dominant vertebral artery and 7 aneurysms involved in the origin of posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). In these 13 ruptured aneurysms, 6 (46.15%) were treated with parent artery sacrifice and 7 (53.85%) were with stent-assisted coil embolization; in 13 un-ruptured aneurysms, 9 (69.23%) were treated with stent-assisted coil embolization and 4 (30.77%) were with flow diversion devices (Tubridge). Seven aneurysms (43.75%) used multi-stent in these 16 aneurysms accepted stent-assisted coil embolization. No short-term and long-term re-bleeding or ischemic stroke were noted in all patients. Twenty patients completed DSA follow-up, with a median follow-up time of 8 months; 3 patients had recurrent aneurysms and one had asymptomatic stent occlusion. All 25 patients completed the last follow-up (telephone or outpatient follow-up) in May 2022, and 24 had good prognosis.Conclusion:According to characteristics of dominant vertebral artery and relations between aneurysms and PICA, individualized endovascular treatment can be safe and effective in fusiform aneurysms at V4 segment of vertebral artery.

Autologous ozonized blood transfusion(AOBT) is a therapy of re-transfusion of 100-200 mL of autologous blood after shaking and agitation with appropriate amount of oxygen-ozone in vitro. The oxidation of blood through the strong oxidation of ozone can enhance the non-specific immune response of the body, regulate the internal environment and promote health. This therapy has been increasingly applied in clinical practice, while no unified standard for the operation process in terms of ozone concentration, treatment frequency and treatment course had been established. This operation process of AOBT is primarily explored in order to standardize the operation process and ensure its safety and efficacy.