Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.
Humans ; Denture, Complete ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture Design/methods* ; Consensus ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Objective To explore the strategy of intrathoracic anastomosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma when the proximal esophagus is dilated to different degrees and explore its mechanism. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients who underwent esophagectomy between 2014 and 2017 in West China Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups including a significant dilatation group with inner mucosal phase diameter (IMPD)≥17.9 mm and a non-significant dilatation group with IMPD<17.9 mm. And the patients were divided into two groups (a layered manual anastomosis group and a stapled anastomosis group) according to anastomosis method and propensity score matching was applied to adjust for potential confounders. Results We finally included 654 patients. There were 206 patients with 158 males and 48 females at average age of 62.21±7.72 years in the layerd manual analstomosis group and 448 patietns with 377 males and 71 females at average age of 62.57±8.42 years in the stapled anastomosis group. We also used Masson trichrome staining to assess the collagen fiber content in the esophagus. Compared with layered manual anastomosis, the incidence of anastomotic leakage was higher in the significant dilatation group than that in the stapled anastomosis group (original cohort: 3.8% vs. 10.7%, P=0.093; propensity score-matched cohort: 1.4% vs. 15.3%, P=0.004). And there was no significant difference in anastomotic leakage b etween layered manual anastomosis and stapled anastomosis in the non-significant dilatation group (original cohort: 4.7% vs. 4.2%, P=0.830; propensity score-matched cohort: 4.8% vs. 4.0%, P=0.206). Moreover, the average collagen fiber area ratio was significantly lower in the significant dilation group than that in the non-significant dilatation group (P=0.045). Conclusion There is a significant reduction in collagen fibers in the proximal esophageal wall tissue of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with a IMPD≥17.9 mm. Intrathoracic layered manual anastomosis effectively reduces postoperative anastomotic leakage in these patients.

The clinical features,imaging data and prognosis of 2 patients with spinal cord infarction were summarized.Both patients presented with acute onset paraplegia and urinary retention.Spinal MRI showed high T2 signal and limited diffusion in the spinal cord.Patient 1 had spinal inflammatory changes and disc calcification and herniation at the T6 level.Cervical disc herniation was found in case 2 and the spinal lesions were all adjacent to the spinal infarct plane,but could not directly cause acute or chronic spinal cord compression.The clinical manifestations of two patients were acute stroke events.After the diagnosis of spinal cord infarction was confirmed,anti-platelet aggregation or anticoagulation and rehabilitation therapy were given,and the limb function of the patients gradually recovered to close to normal.The incidence of fibrocartilage embolism(FCE)associated with spinal disc disease is rare,and there is no consensus on treatment.This case provides experience and broadens thinking for the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of spinal cord infarction.

Objective To study the mechanical response of tibial prostheses and the distal tibial cancellous bone after implantation of radial and axial functionally graded materials(FGM)into the ankle joint.Methods Three FGM were used:titanium alloy-bioactive glass composite FGM(FGM-Ⅰ),titanium(Ti)alloy-ideal bone elastic composite FGM(FGM-Ⅱ),and Ti alloy-hydroxylapatite composite FGM(FGM-Ⅲ).A three-dimensional finite element model of total ankle arthroplasty(TAA)was established,and the simulation software ABAQUS was used for secondary development based on Fortra.By changing the volume fraction,the mechanical properties of the FGM tibial prosthesis can be adjusted both axially and radially.The stress distributions of the tibial prosthesis and cancellous bone after FGM axial and radial tibial component implantation in the standing position were analyzed.Results Compared with Ti alloy tibial prosthesis,three kinds of FGM could effectively reduce the stress concentration on the tibial prosthesis,and the overall effect of FGM-Ⅲ tibial prosthesis was better than that of FGM-Ⅰ and FGM-Ⅱ tibial prosthesis;the radial distribution of FGM could effectively reduce the maximum von Mises stress of the prosthesis.For the tibial cancellous bone,the three types of FGM radial tibial prostheses and FGM-Ⅲ axial tibial prostheses could effectively increase the distal stress,thus,relieving the stress shielding on the cancellous bone;the FGM-Ⅲ radial tibial prosthesis was the most effective in improving the stress level of the cancellous bone.Conclusions FGM-Ⅲ radial ankle prosthesis can effectively reduce the stress concentration phenomenon and the stress shielding effect on the prosthesis to prolong its life,with potential application prospects.

Neuropathic pain is a clinical symptom with complex mechanisms and high incidence. The commonly used analgesics have limited efficacy and can cause serious side effects. The theory of chronic pain entering collaterals was proposed by YE Tianshi， a famous physician focusing on warm diseases in the Qing dynasty， on the basis of the ancient therapies for pain. This theory is particularly suitable for the diagnosis and treatment of neuropathic pain in view of the clinical course and manifestations. The chronic neuropathic pain can enter the Yin collateral in deeper sites. The pathogenesis of neuropathic pain is summarized as a deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality. The root cause is the dysfunction of Zang-Fu organs， mainly the liver, kidney and heart， while the superficial causes are phlegm and stasis caused by the obstructed Qi and blood movement due to the consumption of Qi and blood in collaterals. Accordingly， the therapies such as dispelling blood stasis， resolving phlegm， and dredging collaterals should be adopted. This paper expounds the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） pathogenesis and treatment of neuropathic pain， enriching the knowledge and providing new ideas for the TCM prevention and treatment of this disease as a collateral disease.

OBJECTIVE: The current fertilization methods for Chinese yam are uneconomic and unfriend to environment. A rational one is very important to achieve desired balance of high yield of Chinese yam, economic and friend to environment. Here, we studied the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers on the yield of 'Qinfeng' Chinese yam in shallow-groove directional cultivation. METHODS: The experiments were conducted in Dehua County, Fujian Province, China using a "3414" optimal design. Overall, three fertilizer factors (N, P, and K) were evaluated at the following four levels: 0, no fertilizer; 1, 0.5-fold the typical rate; 2, typical fertilization rate; and 3, 1.5-fold the typical rate. There were 14 different fertilization treatments. RESULTS: Treatment 6 (N₂P₂K₂) produced the longest (75.6 cm) and thickest tubers (4.9 cm) with the highest tuber fresh weight (1311.9 g) and yield (41 015.9 kg/hm²), whereas, treatment 1 produced the shortest (65.6 cm) and thinnest tubers (3.9 cm) with the lowest fresh weight (953.4 g) and yield (28 532.8 kg/hm²) among the 14 fertilizer combinations. The experimental data could be fitted to single-variable quadratic and binary quadratic models but not to a ternary quadratic polynomial model. Appropriate N, P, and K fertilizer application rates increased Chinese yam yield. However, excessive fertilization lowered the yield. Chinese yam yield was significantly and strongly correlated with the amounts of N, P, and K fertilizer applied. CONCLUSION Based on the single variable quadratic and binary quadratic models, we propose that the quantities of N, P, and K fertilizer used to grow 1 hm² 'Qinfeng' Chinese yam should be 360-388.3, 90-100.95, and 416.3-675 kg, respectively.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) on neuronal injury and its potential molecular mechanism.Methods:Cortical neurons were dissected from brain tissues of newborn SD rats and seeded on Poly-L-Lysine coated plates. These neurons were then divided into control group, myelin group and myelin+FGF10 group; after 4 h of culture, neurons in the myelin group were added with a certain content of myelin solution (final concentration: 10 μg/mL), while neurons in the myelin+FGF10 group were added with myelin and FGF10 solution (final concentration: 4.3 nmol/L). One week after culturing, the neuronal apoptosis was detected by TUNEL and flow cytometry; neuronal survival was evaluated by live/dead assay and CCK-8 assay; expressions of apoptosis-related proteins, microtubule related proteins and RAS homologous gene family member A (Rho A)/Rho a-related protein kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway related proteins were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescent double-label staining.Results:Compared with the control group, the myelin group had significantly increased neuronal apoptosis rate by TUNEL, early neuronal apoptosis rate by flow cytometry, activated cysteine proteinase-3 (caspase-3) protein expression and neuronal mortality rate by live/dead assay, and significantly decreased Bcl-2/Bax value, neuronal survival rate by CCK-8 method, value of acetylated tubulin/Tyr-tubulin (Ace/Tyr-tubulin), Tau protein expression and Ace/Tyr-tubulin fluorescent intensity ratio, and statistically increased Rho A and ROCK protein expressions and Rho A fluorescent intensity ( P<0.05). Compared with the myelin group, the myelin+FGF10 group had significantly decreased neuronal apoptosis rate by TUNEL, early neuronal apoptosis rate by flow cytometry and activated caspase-3 protein expression, significantly increased Bcl-2/Bax value, neuronal survival rate by CCK-8 method, Ace/Tyr-tubulin value, Tau protein expression and Ace/Tyr-tubulin fluorescent intensity ratio, and statistically decreased Rho A and ROCK protein expressions and Rho A fluorescent intensity ( P<0.05). Conclusion:FGF10 maintains microtubule stability in neurons likely through inhibiting Rho A/ROCK axis to antagonize myelin-induced apoptosis and improve the neuronal survival.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs with covalently closed structures, which have important functions in plants. However, their biogenesis, degradation, and function upon treatment with gibberellins (GAs) and auxins (1-naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA) remain unknown. Here, we systematically identified and characterized the expression patterns, evolutionary conservation, genomic features, and internal structures of circRNAs using RNase R-treated libraries from moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) seedlings. Moreover, we investigated the biogenesis of circRNAs dependent on both cis- and trans-regulation. We explored the function of circRNAs, including their roles in regulating microRNA (miRNA)-related genes and modulating the alternative splicing of their linear counterparts. Importantly, we developed a customized degradome sequencing approach to detect miRNA-mediated cleavage of circRNAs. Finally, we presented a comprehensive view of the participation of circRNAs in the regulation of hormone metabolism upon treatment of bamboo seedlings with GA and NAA. Collectively, our study provides insights into the biogenesis, function, and miRNA-mediated degradation of circRNAs in moso bamboo.
RNA, Circular/metabolism* ; Multiomics ; Poaceae/metabolism* ; Seedlings/genetics* ; Hormones/metabolism* ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

Objective:To investigate the detecting method and clinical characteristics of anti-nodal/paranodal antibodies in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy.Methods:Serum samples were collected from 212 patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy who were admitted to Huashan Hospital of Fudan University or from other clinical centers from January 2018 to July 2021. Autoantibodies (anti-NF155, anti-NF186, anti-CNTN1) and IgG subtypes were detected with cell-based assay. According to the test results, patients were divided into anti-NF155 positive group, anti-NF186 positive group and anti-CNTN1 positive group, clinical characteristics of patients in each group, including limb weakness, superficial sensation and proprioception, tremor, cerebrospinal fluid protein level, brachial plexus magnetic resonance (MRI) were retrospectively analyzed and compared.Results:A total of 23 patients (10.8%,23/212) were positive for anti-NF155 antibody, 12 (5.7%,12/212) for anti-NF186 antibody, and 4 (1.9%,4/212) for anti-CNTN1 antibody. IgG 4 was the predominant subtype in anti-NF155 and anti-CNTN1 groups. In the anti-NF186 group, all cases were IgG positive and antibody subtypes could be detected in 4 cases (4/12). In anti-NF155 group, 23 patients (100%,23/23) had limb weakness and deep sensory disturbance, 19 patients (82.6%,19/23) had superficial sensory disturbance, 22 patients (95.7%,22/23) were symmetrically involved, 18 patients (78.3%,18/23) showed tremor, 19 patients (19/19) showed abnormal in brachial plexus MRI. In anti-NF186 group, 12 patients had limb weakness (12/12), 9 patients (9/12) and 6 patients (6/12) had superficial sensory disturbance and deep sensory disturbance respectively, 8 patients (8/12) were asymmetrically involved, and only 1 patient (1/12) showed tremor, 1 (1/7) showed abnormal brachial plexus MRI. In anti-CNTN1 group, 4 cases showed symmetrical limb weakness and sensory disturbance, 3 patients had tremor, and four patients showed brachial plexus MRI abnormality. There were statistically significant differences in onset age, proprioception, tremor and MRI abnormalities of brachial plexus among the 3 groups ( P<0.01). Conclusions:The clinical characteristics of CIDP patients with anti-NF155, anti-NF186 and anti-CNTN1 antibodies are different. Screening anti-nodal/paranodal antibodies is of great significance for accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients with peripheral neuropathy.