Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.
Humans ; Denture, Complete ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture Design/methods* ; Consensus ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

With the rapid development of competitive sports, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is on the rise. Such injuries may shorten athletes′ career and lead to other long-term adverse consequences. Although athletes generally recover well after ACL reconstruction, many still struggle to return to their pre-injury performance levels. Advances in the understanding of ACL anatomy and injury mechanisms, along with the evolution of surgical techniques and rehabilitation methods, have provided more individualized and tailored options for athletes following ACL injuries. However, there is currently no consensus in China regarding surgical and rehabilitation strategies for competitive athletes aiming to return to sports after ACL injuries. To this end, the Sports Medicine Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Trauma jointly formulated the Expert consensus on surgical treatment and rehabilitation for competitive sports athletes returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament injury ( version 2025), and presented 14 recommendations covering surgical indications, preoperative rehabilitation, surgical timing, surgical strategies and postoperative rehabilitation strategies, aiming to improve the surgical treatment and rehabilitation system for ACL injuries in competitive athletes and facilitate their return to high-level sports performance after injury.

With the rapid development of competitive sports, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is on the rise. Such injuries may shorten athletes′ career and lead to other long-term adverse consequences. Although athletes generally recover well after ACL reconstruction, many still struggle to return to their pre-injury performance levels. Advances in the understanding of ACL anatomy and injury mechanisms, along with the evolution of surgical techniques and rehabilitation methods, have provided more individualized and tailored options for athletes following ACL injuries. However, there is currently no consensus in China regarding surgical and rehabilitation strategies for competitive athletes aiming to return to sports after ACL injuries. To this end, the Sports Medicine Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Trauma jointly formulated the Expert consensus on surgical treatment and rehabilitation for competitive sports athletes returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament injury ( version 2025), and presented 14 recommendations covering surgical indications, preoperative rehabilitation, surgical timing, surgical strategies and postoperative rehabilitation strategies, aiming to improve the surgical treatment and rehabilitation system for ACL injuries in competitive athletes and facilitate their return to high-level sports performance after injury.

Objective To explore the strategy of intrathoracic anastomosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma when the proximal esophagus is dilated to different degrees and explore its mechanism. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients who underwent esophagectomy between 2014 and 2017 in West China Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups including a significant dilatation group with inner mucosal phase diameter (IMPD)≥17.9 mm and a non-significant dilatation group with IMPD<17.9 mm. And the patients were divided into two groups (a layered manual anastomosis group and a stapled anastomosis group) according to anastomosis method and propensity score matching was applied to adjust for potential confounders. Results We finally included 654 patients. There were 206 patients with 158 males and 48 females at average age of 62.21±7.72 years in the layerd manual analstomosis group and 448 patietns with 377 males and 71 females at average age of 62.57±8.42 years in the stapled anastomosis group. We also used Masson trichrome staining to assess the collagen fiber content in the esophagus. Compared with layered manual anastomosis, the incidence of anastomotic leakage was higher in the significant dilatation group than that in the stapled anastomosis group (original cohort: 3.8% vs. 10.7%, P=0.093; propensity score-matched cohort: 1.4% vs. 15.3%, P=0.004). And there was no significant difference in anastomotic leakage b etween layered manual anastomosis and stapled anastomosis in the non-significant dilatation group (original cohort: 4.7% vs. 4.2%, P=0.830; propensity score-matched cohort: 4.8% vs. 4.0%, P=0.206). Moreover, the average collagen fiber area ratio was significantly lower in the significant dilation group than that in the non-significant dilatation group (P=0.045). Conclusion There is a significant reduction in collagen fibers in the proximal esophageal wall tissue of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with a IMPD≥17.9 mm. Intrathoracic layered manual anastomosis effectively reduces postoperative anastomotic leakage in these patients.

The clinical features,imaging data and prognosis of 2 patients with spinal cord infarction were summarized.Both patients presented with acute onset paraplegia and urinary retention.Spinal MRI showed high T2 signal and limited diffusion in the spinal cord.Patient 1 had spinal inflammatory changes and disc calcification and herniation at the T6 level.Cervical disc herniation was found in case 2 and the spinal lesions were all adjacent to the spinal infarct plane,but could not directly cause acute or chronic spinal cord compression.The clinical manifestations of two patients were acute stroke events.After the diagnosis of spinal cord infarction was confirmed,anti-platelet aggregation or anticoagulation and rehabilitation therapy were given,and the limb function of the patients gradually recovered to close to normal.The incidence of fibrocartilage embolism(FCE)associated with spinal disc disease is rare,and there is no consensus on treatment.This case provides experience and broadens thinking for the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of spinal cord infarction.

Objective To study the mechanical response of tibial prostheses and the distal tibial cancellous bone after implantation of radial and axial functionally graded materials(FGM)into the ankle joint.Methods Three FGM were used:titanium alloy-bioactive glass composite FGM(FGM-Ⅰ),titanium(Ti)alloy-ideal bone elastic composite FGM(FGM-Ⅱ),and Ti alloy-hydroxylapatite composite FGM(FGM-Ⅲ).A three-dimensional finite element model of total ankle arthroplasty(TAA)was established,and the simulation software ABAQUS was used for secondary development based on Fortra.By changing the volume fraction,the mechanical properties of the FGM tibial prosthesis can be adjusted both axially and radially.The stress distributions of the tibial prosthesis and cancellous bone after FGM axial and radial tibial component implantation in the standing position were analyzed.Results Compared with Ti alloy tibial prosthesis,three kinds of FGM could effectively reduce the stress concentration on the tibial prosthesis,and the overall effect of FGM-Ⅲ tibial prosthesis was better than that of FGM-Ⅰ and FGM-Ⅱ tibial prosthesis;the radial distribution of FGM could effectively reduce the maximum von Mises stress of the prosthesis.For the tibial cancellous bone,the three types of FGM radial tibial prostheses and FGM-Ⅲ axial tibial prostheses could effectively increase the distal stress,thus,relieving the stress shielding on the cancellous bone;the FGM-Ⅲ radial tibial prosthesis was the most effective in improving the stress level of the cancellous bone.Conclusions FGM-Ⅲ radial ankle prosthesis can effectively reduce the stress concentration phenomenon and the stress shielding effect on the prosthesis to prolong its life,with potential application prospects.

Objective:To explore the application value of ventilator management path based on three-dimensional quality evaluation model in ventilator management. Methods:Based on the structure-process-outcome model (referred to as the three-dimensional quality evaluation model),the evaluation index system of ventilator service management was developed. The service quality algorithm was used to conduct comprehensive evaluation of service quality,and the structural optimization,process strengthening and outcome-oriented measures of ventilator equipment service management were developed. A total of 62 ventilators in clinical use in General Hospital of the Western Theater Command of the PLA from January to June 2023 were selected,and the 50 ventilators used from January to March adopted the conventional experience management model (referred to as experience management model),the 50 ventilators (including 38 in use in the experience management model) from April to June adopted the ventilator management path based on three-dimensional quality evaluation model (referred to as the model management model). The self-made satisfaction questionnaire was used to investigate the satisfaction of ventilator patients with equipment service quality,and the comprehensive evaluation difference score of equipment service quality and equipment operation quality of the two management modes were compared. Results:The comprehensive evaluation difference scores of equipment structure service quality,process service quality and outcome service quality of the model management mode were (0.08±0.06) points,(0.11±0.07) points and (0.05±0.04) points,respectively,which were lower than those of the experience management mode,the difference was statistically significant (Z=2.290,2.024,2.724,P<0.05). The average satisfaction of patients on ventilator therapy in the ICU wards of the department of respiratory and critical care medicine,department of intensive care unit,department of emergency and other departments was (95.66±1.74)％,(96.51±1.37)％,(95.93±1.67)％ and (96.56±1.28)％,respectively,which were higher than those of the experience management mode,the difference was statistically significant (Z=3.624,3.854,3.368,2.799,P<0.05). The average start-up operation rate and quality inspection pass rate of ventilator equipment were (95.38±1.67)％and (95.44±1.71)％,respectively,which were higher than those of experience management mode;the average failure rate was (1.23±0.98)％,which was lower than that of experience management mode,the difference was statistically significant (Z=2.219,2.733,3.005,P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of ventilator management path based on three-dimensional quality evaluation model can improve the quality of ventilator clinical service,enhance the satisfaction of clinical service,and improve the operation quality of equipment.

Objective:To explore the application value of ventilator management path based on three-dimensional quality evaluation model in ventilator management. Methods:Based on the structure-process-outcome model (referred to as the three-dimensional quality evaluation model),the evaluation index system of ventilator service management was developed. The service quality algorithm was used to conduct comprehensive evaluation of service quality,and the structural optimization,process strengthening and outcome-oriented measures of ventilator equipment service management were developed. A total of 62 ventilators in clinical use in General Hospital of the Western Theater Command of the PLA from January to June 2023 were selected,and the 50 ventilators used from January to March adopted the conventional experience management model (referred to as experience management model),the 50 ventilators (including 38 in use in the experience management model) from April to June adopted the ventilator management path based on three-dimensional quality evaluation model (referred to as the model management model). The self-made satisfaction questionnaire was used to investigate the satisfaction of ventilator patients with equipment service quality,and the comprehensive evaluation difference score of equipment service quality and equipment operation quality of the two management modes were compared. Results:The comprehensive evaluation difference scores of equipment structure service quality,process service quality and outcome service quality of the model management mode were (0.08±0.06) points,(0.11±0.07) points and (0.05±0.04) points,respectively,which were lower than those of the experience management mode,the difference was statistically significant (Z=2.290,2.024,2.724,P<0.05). The average satisfaction of patients on ventilator therapy in the ICU wards of the department of respiratory and critical care medicine,department of intensive care unit,department of emergency and other departments was (95.66±1.74)％,(96.51±1.37)％,(95.93±1.67)％ and (96.56±1.28)％,respectively,which were higher than those of the experience management mode,the difference was statistically significant (Z=3.624,3.854,3.368,2.799,P<0.05). The average start-up operation rate and quality inspection pass rate of ventilator equipment were (95.38±1.67)％and (95.44±1.71)％,respectively,which were higher than those of experience management mode;the average failure rate was (1.23±0.98)％,which was lower than that of experience management mode,the difference was statistically significant (Z=2.219,2.733,3.005,P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of ventilator management path based on three-dimensional quality evaluation model can improve the quality of ventilator clinical service,enhance the satisfaction of clinical service,and improve the operation quality of equipment.

Neuropathic pain is a clinical symptom with complex mechanisms and high incidence. The commonly used analgesics have limited efficacy and can cause serious side effects. The theory of chronic pain entering collaterals was proposed by YE Tianshi， a famous physician focusing on warm diseases in the Qing dynasty， on the basis of the ancient therapies for pain. This theory is particularly suitable for the diagnosis and treatment of neuropathic pain in view of the clinical course and manifestations. The chronic neuropathic pain can enter the Yin collateral in deeper sites. The pathogenesis of neuropathic pain is summarized as a deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality. The root cause is the dysfunction of Zang-Fu organs， mainly the liver, kidney and heart， while the superficial causes are phlegm and stasis caused by the obstructed Qi and blood movement due to the consumption of Qi and blood in collaterals. Accordingly， the therapies such as dispelling blood stasis， resolving phlegm， and dredging collaterals should be adopted. This paper expounds the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） pathogenesis and treatment of neuropathic pain， enriching the knowledge and providing new ideas for the TCM prevention and treatment of this disease as a collateral disease.