Objective:To describe the epidemiological characteristics and trends of leukemia incidence in Qidong between 1972 and 2021, and provide guidelines for prevention and control measures and strategies.Methods:The cancer registry data was collected and analyzed on leukemia incidence during 1972—2021 in Qidong by sex, age and time. Crude incidence rate (CR), China age-standardized rate (ASRC), world age-standardized rate (ASRW), and average annual change percentage (AAPC) was calculated by Joinpoint software. Age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to analyze the influence of age, period and birth cohort on the changes in the incidence trend of leukemia patients.Results:From 1972 to 2021, there were 2 948 patients with leukemia in Qidong, accounting for 2.00% of all cancer new cases, CR of leukemia was 5.26/10 5, ASRC was 4.34/10 5, ASRW was 4.35/10 5. The truncated incidence of 35—64 years old was 5.29/10 5, the cumulative incidence rate between the ages of 0 and 74 years old was 0.40%, the cumulative risk was 0.40%. There were 1 608 male patients, the CR, ASRC, and the ASRW were 5.81/10 5, 4.88/10 5 and 4.85/10 5. The number of female patients were 1 340, and the CR, ASRC, and the ASRW were 4.71/10 5, 3.86/10 5 and 3.91/10 5, respectively. Temporal trends indicated significant upward trends in ASRC among both gender, males and females with AAPC values of 1.41% ( P＜0.001), 1.15% ( P＜0.001), and 1.73% ( P＜0.001), respectively. The results of the APC model showed that the average net drift value of leukemia incidence in all age groups was 1.57% (95% CI, 1.24%-1.89%), and the highest value of local drift was 3.20% (95% CI, 1.63%-4.78%) in the 80~ years old group. The incidence of leukemia increased with age. With the passage of time, the risk of leukemia incidence increased gradually compared with the rate ratio of leukemia incidence (risk ratio [ RR], 1.00) in 1992—1996, the RR of leukemia incidence increased from 0.70 during 1972—1976 to 1.57 during 2017—2021. The later the cohort was born, the greater the risk of leukemia incidence compared with the relative risk of leukemia incidence ( RR, 1.00) in 1952—1956 cohort, the RR of leukemia incidence increased from 0.24 in the 1892—1896 cohort to 2.73 in the 2017—2021 cohort. Conclusions:The incidence of the leukemia has presented a rising trend in the past fifty years. Leukemia incidence increased with age, and the period and cohort effects on the risk of incidence increase. Further research is needed to investigate the risk factors related to leukemia.

Objective To analyze the trend of heart disease death and the life expectancy without cause of death in Qidong City, Jiangsu Province from 1990 to 2019, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of heart disease. Methods Data on heart disease deaths among residents in Qidong City from 1990 to 2019 were collected through the Qidong City Death Registration and Monitoring System. The crude mortality rate (CR) and Chinese age-standardized mortality rate (CASR), potential years of life loss (PYLL), average years of life loss (AYLL), potential life loss years rate (PYLLR), life expectancy, and life expectancy without cause of death were calculated, and the annual percentage change (APC) was used to analyze the trend of heart disease death. Using SAS9.2 software, the death trend prediction was conducted by the ARIMA model in time series analysis. Results From 1990 to 2019, 27,762 residents died of heart disease in Qidong City, with a CR of 81.20/100 000 and an APC of 3.734%. There were 12 358 deaths of heart disease in men, with a CR of 73.24/100 000 and an APC of 3.86%, while there were 15 404 deaths of heart disease in women, with a CR of 88.95/100 000 and an APC of 3.63%. CR showed an upward trend (all P < 0.001). The PYLL for heart disease was 66 192.00 person-years, the AYLL was 13.23 person-years, and the PYLLR was 2.16‰. The life expectancy loss from heart disease was gradually increasing: 0.89 years in 1990 to 1.85 years in 2019, with an APC of 0.405% (P<0.001, a statistically significant trend). The prediction results showed that in 2029, the life expectancy after heart disease would reach 88.17 years. Conclusion From 1990 to 2019, the crude mortality rate of heart disease in Qidong City has showed an increasing trend, leading to an increasing loss of life due to heart disease year by year. The mortality rate and life loss of heart disease in women are higher than those in men. Targeted intervention measures should be further adopted to reduce the mortality rate of heart disease among residents in Qidong.

Objective:To describe the epidemiological characteristics and trends of leukemia incidence in Qidong between 1972 and 2021, and provide guidelines for prevention and control measures and strategies.Methods:The cancer registry data was collected and analyzed on leukemia incidence during 1972—2021 in Qidong by sex, age and time. Crude incidence rate (CR), China age-standardized rate (ASRC), world age-standardized rate (ASRW), and average annual change percentage (AAPC) was calculated by Joinpoint software. Age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to analyze the influence of age, period and birth cohort on the changes in the incidence trend of leukemia patients.Results:From 1972 to 2021, there were 2 948 patients with leukemia in Qidong, accounting for 2.00% of all cancer new cases, CR of leukemia was 5.26/10 5, ASRC was 4.34/10 5, ASRW was 4.35/10 5. The truncated incidence of 35—64 years old was 5.29/10 5, the cumulative incidence rate between the ages of 0 and 74 years old was 0.40%, the cumulative risk was 0.40%. There were 1 608 male patients, the CR, ASRC, and the ASRW were 5.81/10 5, 4.88/10 5 and 4.85/10 5. The number of female patients were 1 340, and the CR, ASRC, and the ASRW were 4.71/10 5, 3.86/10 5 and 3.91/10 5, respectively. Temporal trends indicated significant upward trends in ASRC among both gender, males and females with AAPC values of 1.41% ( P＜0.001), 1.15% ( P＜0.001), and 1.73% ( P＜0.001), respectively. The results of the APC model showed that the average net drift value of leukemia incidence in all age groups was 1.57% (95% CI, 1.24%-1.89%), and the highest value of local drift was 3.20% (95% CI, 1.63%-4.78%) in the 80~ years old group. The incidence of leukemia increased with age. With the passage of time, the risk of leukemia incidence increased gradually compared with the rate ratio of leukemia incidence (risk ratio [ RR], 1.00) in 1992—1996, the RR of leukemia incidence increased from 0.70 during 1972—1976 to 1.57 during 2017—2021. The later the cohort was born, the greater the risk of leukemia incidence compared with the relative risk of leukemia incidence ( RR, 1.00) in 1952—1956 cohort, the RR of leukemia incidence increased from 0.24 in the 1892—1896 cohort to 2.73 in the 2017—2021 cohort. Conclusions:The incidence of the leukemia has presented a rising trend in the past fifty years. Leukemia incidence increased with age, and the period and cohort effects on the risk of incidence increase. Further research is needed to investigate the risk factors related to leukemia.

Objective: To investigate the survival rate and changing trends of kidney cancer patients in Qidong City from 1972 to 2016, so as to provide insights into kidney cancer control. Methods: Data pertaining to the incidence of kidney cancer in Qidong City from 1972 to 2016 were captured from the Qidong Municipal Cancer Registration System, and the final follow-up period was December 31, 2021. The observed survival rate, relative survival rate and standardized relative survival rate of kidney cancer were calculated to analyze the survival of kidney cancer, and the trends in survival were analyzed among kidney cancer patients from 1972 to 2016 using annual percent change (APC). Results: A total of 554 kidney cancer patients were reported in Qidong City from 1972 to 2016. The 1-, 3- and 5-year observed survival rates, relative survival rates and standardized relative survival rates were 62.27%, 50.54% and 44.04%; 64.31%, 55.71% and 51.93%; and 61.71%, 51.90%, and 51.68%, respectively. The 5-year observed survival rate, relative survival rate and standardized relative survival rate of kidney cancer appeared a tendency towards a rise in Qidong City from 1972 to 2016, with APC of 2.83% (t=4.303, P=0.004), 2.82% (t=3.978, P=0.005) and 3.96% (t=5.898, P=0.001), and the 5-year relative survival rate of kidney cancer was comparable between men and women (53.05% vs. 50.40%; χ2=4.872, P=0.676). There was an age-specific 5-year relative survival rate of kidney cancer (χ2=35.144, P<0.001), with the greatest among patients at ages of 35 to 44 years (64.49%) and the lowest at ages of 75 years and older (30.11%). Conclusion The 5-year survival rate of kidney cancer cases appeared a tendency towards a rise in Qidong City from 1972 to 2016. Further specific interventions, depending on age, are needed for management of kidney cancer.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Qinggan Jianpi Huoxue prescription（QGJPHXP） on the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages in rats with hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride（CCl₄）. MethodA rat hepatic fibrosis model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 40% CCl₄-olive oil suspension twice a week at the dosage of 2.0 mL·kg^-1 for 8 weeks. After the model was successfully established， these rats were randomly divided into the model group， QGJPHXP group（32.084 g·kg^-1） and Biejiajian pills（BJJP） group（0.925 5 g·kg^-1）， with 12 rats in each group. The blank group was injected intraperitoneally with the same amount of olive oil. The rats in the administration groups were given the corresponding solution according to the dose， and the blank and model groups were given the same dose of purified water， once a day. After 4 weeks of continuous administration， the liver tissues of rats were taken and stained with hematoxylin-eosin（HE） and Masson to observe the pathological changes. The serums were collected to detect the alanine aminotransferase（ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase（AST） levels. Interleukin（IL）-6， IL-12， IL-10， IL-1β， transforming growth factor-β₁（TGF-β₁） and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） levels in liver tissues were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The expression levels of CD86 and CD206 were detected by immunohistochemistry（IHC）. Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase（iNOS）， arginase-1（Arg-1）， phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase（p-p38 MAPK）， nuclear transcription factor-κB p65（NF-κB p65） in liver tissues of rats. ResultCompared with the blank group， the hepatic cell plate was irregularly arranged, and local inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrous hyperplasia were observed， while the serum levels of ALT and AST were significantly increased in the model group（P<0.01）， and IL-1β， IL-6， IL-12， TGF-β₁， TNF-α， CD86， CD206， iNOS， p-p38 MAPK，p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 levels in liver tissues were obviously increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the levels of IL-10 and Arg-1 were obviously decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， QGJPHXP group reduced the degree of liver cell fibrosis，and serum levels of ALT and AST（P<0.01）， and IL-1β， IL-6， IL-12， TGF-β₁， TNF-α， CD86， iNOS， p-p38 MAPK， p38 MAPK， and NF-κB p65 levels in liver tissues were obviously decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the levels of IL-10， CD206 and Arg-1 were obviously increased in the QGJPHXP group（P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionQGJPHXP has ability to inhibit the activation of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages， induce the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines by M2 macrophages， reduce the release of pro-fibrogenic cytokines， and promote the macrophage polarization of M1 to M2 in liver for tissue repair， thereby serving as an anti-inflammatory and anti-hepatic fibrosis drug.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) on neuronal injury and its potential molecular mechanism.Methods:Cortical neurons were dissected from brain tissues of newborn SD rats and seeded on Poly-L-Lysine coated plates. These neurons were then divided into control group, myelin group and myelin+FGF10 group; after 4 h of culture, neurons in the myelin group were added with a certain content of myelin solution (final concentration: 10 μg/mL), while neurons in the myelin+FGF10 group were added with myelin and FGF10 solution (final concentration: 4.3 nmol/L). One week after culturing, the neuronal apoptosis was detected by TUNEL and flow cytometry; neuronal survival was evaluated by live/dead assay and CCK-8 assay; expressions of apoptosis-related proteins, microtubule related proteins and RAS homologous gene family member A (Rho A)/Rho a-related protein kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway related proteins were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescent double-label staining.Results:Compared with the control group, the myelin group had significantly increased neuronal apoptosis rate by TUNEL, early neuronal apoptosis rate by flow cytometry, activated cysteine proteinase-3 (caspase-3) protein expression and neuronal mortality rate by live/dead assay, and significantly decreased Bcl-2/Bax value, neuronal survival rate by CCK-8 method, value of acetylated tubulin/Tyr-tubulin (Ace/Tyr-tubulin), Tau protein expression and Ace/Tyr-tubulin fluorescent intensity ratio, and statistically increased Rho A and ROCK protein expressions and Rho A fluorescent intensity ( P<0.05). Compared with the myelin group, the myelin+FGF10 group had significantly decreased neuronal apoptosis rate by TUNEL, early neuronal apoptosis rate by flow cytometry and activated caspase-3 protein expression, significantly increased Bcl-2/Bax value, neuronal survival rate by CCK-8 method, Ace/Tyr-tubulin value, Tau protein expression and Ace/Tyr-tubulin fluorescent intensity ratio, and statistically decreased Rho A and ROCK protein expressions and Rho A fluorescent intensity ( P<0.05). Conclusion:FGF10 maintains microtubule stability in neurons likely through inhibiting Rho A/ROCK axis to antagonize myelin-induced apoptosis and improve the neuronal survival.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs with covalently closed structures, which have important functions in plants. However, their biogenesis, degradation, and function upon treatment with gibberellins (GAs) and auxins (1-naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA) remain unknown. Here, we systematically identified and characterized the expression patterns, evolutionary conservation, genomic features, and internal structures of circRNAs using RNase R-treated libraries from moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) seedlings. Moreover, we investigated the biogenesis of circRNAs dependent on both cis- and trans-regulation. We explored the function of circRNAs, including their roles in regulating microRNA (miRNA)-related genes and modulating the alternative splicing of their linear counterparts. Importantly, we developed a customized degradome sequencing approach to detect miRNA-mediated cleavage of circRNAs. Finally, we presented a comprehensive view of the participation of circRNAs in the regulation of hormone metabolism upon treatment of bamboo seedlings with GA and NAA. Collectively, our study provides insights into the biogenesis, function, and miRNA-mediated degradation of circRNAs in moso bamboo.
RNA, Circular/metabolism* ; Multiomics ; Poaceae/metabolism* ; Seedlings/genetics* ; Hormones/metabolism* ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of An'erning granules in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children. MethodA randomized， double-blind， single-simulation， placebo-controlled trial was designed in this study. The children were randomly assigned into an observation group （An'erning granules combined with ceftriaxone sodium） and a control group （An'erning granules placebo combined with ceftriaxone sodium） according to the ratio of 2∶1. The disease cure rate was taken as the main indicator of efficacy， and the safety of An'erning granules was observed. ResultA total of 206 children （137 in the observation group and 69 in the control group） were included in this study. Before treatment， the age， sex， body height， body weight， diagnosis time of pneumonia， and symptom and sign scores had no significant differences between the two groups. After 8 days of continuous medication， the observation group［70.80%（97/137）］ had higher cure rate than the control group［56.52%（39/69）］（χ²=4.17，P<0.05） and total effective rate of chest X-ray ［97.98%（97/99）］ than the control group［86.27%（44/51）］ （χ²=12.98，P<0.01）. The observation group was superior to the control group in the alleviation of TCM syndrome under the condition of 0-3 g dose stratification on day 3 of medication （P<0.01）. The recovery time， time to complete fever abatement， time to fever abatement and expectoration alleviation， rate of conversion to severe case， and reduction in the frequency of antibiotic use showed no significant differences between the two groups. In terms of safety， 13 and 7 adverse events occurred in the observation group and control group， respectively， which were relieved or disappeared after drug withdrawal or symptomatic treatment and showed no significant difference between the two groups. ConclusionIntravenous drip of ceftriaxone sodium combined with An'erning granules is effective in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children. It can accelerate the absorption of pulmonary inflammation， alleviate the clinical symptoms in a short time for young children or the children with mild symptoms， and is safe in clinical application.

Objective To understand the death status, mortality trend, cause of death and life loss of injury and poisoning among residents in Qidong City, Jiangsu Province from 1990 to 2019, and to provide a reference for formulating public health policies. Methods Data on injury and poisoning death of residents in Qidong City from 1990 to 2019 were collected through the death cause registration and monitoring system of Qidong City, Jiangsu Province. Indicators such as crude death rate (CR) and standardized death rate (CASR), average years of lost life (AYLL), and potential years of life lost rate (PYLLR) were calculated. Annual percentage change (APC) was used to analyze the trend of death from injury and poisoning. Results From 1990 to 2019, 18 163 residents in Qidong City, Jiangsu Province died of injuries and poisoning. The CR was 53.12/100 000 (APC=0.74%), and the CASR was 39.43/100 000 (APC=-1.86%). The male CR was 66.90 100 000 (APC=0.75%), and the male CASR was 52.42/100 000 (APC=-1.75%), while the female CR was 39.69/100 000 (APC=0.73%), and the female CASR was 26.63/100 000 (APC=-2.14%). Analysis of the standardized mortality rate showed a downward trend year by year (P<0.001). PYLL caused by injury and poisoning was 318 502.50 person-years (APC=-4.00%), AYLL was 26.02 years/person (APC=-3.26%) and the PYLLR was 10.39‰ (APC=-3.54%). The top five death causes of injury and poisoning are motor vehicle accidents, suicide, drowning, accidental falls and accidental poisoning, accounting for 87.17% of the total deaths from injuries and poisoning. Drowning was the leading cause of death for children aged from 0 to 14. Motor vehicle accidents were the leading cause of death for residents aged from 15 to 64, and accidental falls were the leading cause of death for residents over 65. Conclusion Injury and poisoning are one of the main causes of death among residents in Qidong City, Jiangsu Province. The distribution characteristics of injurie and poisoning deaths of different genders and ages are different. According to their distribution characteristics, targeted and specific measures should be taken to reduce mortality.

Objective:To analyze the survival of pancreatic cancer cases in Qidong County, Jiangsu Province from 1972 to 2016, and provide a basis for the prognosis evaluation and prevention of pancreatic cancer.Methods:Data from a total of 4 341 registered pancreatic cancer patients in Tumor Registry of Qidong from January 1972 to December 2016 were selected, and all the patients were followed up until December 31, 2021. 1-, 3- and 5-year observed survival rate (OSR) and relative survival rate (RSR) were calculated and tested by Hakulinen likelihood ratio test method using SURV (3.01) software. Age-standardized relative survival rate (ARSR) was calculated according to the International Cancer Survival Standard (ICSS). Joinpoint (4.7.0.0) software was used to conduct the annual percentage change (APC) of pancreas cancer survival rate.Results:1-, 3- and 5-year OSR of pancreatic cancer were 13.82%, 5.87% and 4.70%, and 1-, 3- and 5-year RSR were 14.50%, 6.80% and 6.02%, respectively. 1-, 3- and 5-year RSR increased from 11.76%, 4.84% and 3.29% in 1972—1976 to 18.80%, 7.39% and 6.49% in 2012—2016. The uptrends of RSR were statistically significant (χ 2=59.84, P<0.001). 1-, 3- and 5-year RSR for male were 14.31%, 6.40% and 5.82%, and 1-, 3- and 5-year RSR for female were 14.74%, 7.28% and 6.26%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference on RSR between male and female (χ 2=6.68, P=0.463). The 5-year RSR for the age group of 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, and ≥75 years old were 8.14%, 6.74%, 4.69% and 5.24%, respectively, and the survival rate was decreased with age. There was a statistically significant difference on RSR among different age groups (χ 2=19.52, P=0.012). 1-, 3- and 5-year ARSR of pancreas cancer were 14.67%, 6.84% and 6.04%. For male, 1-, 3- and 5-year ARSR were 14.36%, 6.42% and 5.79%, and for female were 15.25%, 7.55% and 6.47%, respectively. Period trend analysis showed that the APC of 1-, 3- and 5-year ARSR was 0.91% ( t=1.94, P=0.094), -0.22% ( t=-0.30, P=0.774) and -0.77% ( t=-0.95, P=0.374) from 1972 to 2016 in Qidong. The APC of 5-year ARSR in male and female were -1.50% ( t=-1.31, P=0.232) and 1.11% ( t=0.37, P=0.722); there were no statistically significant increase or decrease for both male and female among ARSR in nine periods (5 years as a period). The APC of 5-year RSR among 45-54, 55-64, 65-74 and ≥75 years old were 2.46% ( t=0.57, P=0.588), 3.16% ( t=0.87, P=0.413), 0.95% ( t=0.26, P=0.805) and -2.56% ( t=-2.61, P=0.035), respectively. Except for ≥75 years old age group who had a statistically significant downward trend, there were no statistically significant upward trend in the other age groups. Conclusions:The overall survival rate of pancreatic cancer in Qidong from 1972 to 2016 has been at a low level, and it is necessary to introduce a standardized multi-disciplinary treatment mode to improve treatment efficacy and survival rate.