Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.
Humans ; Denture, Complete ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture Design/methods* ; Consensus ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Background:To compare the efficacy and safety of monthly administrations of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists LY01005 and Zoladex ? in Chinese patients with premenopausal breast cancer. Methods:From October 2020 to November 2021, 188 premenopausal breast cancer patients were enrolled in 34 hospitals and randomized 1:1 to receive either LY01005 or Zoladex ? every 28 days for a total of three injections. All patients concomitantly received oral tamoxifen (TAM). The primary efficacy endpoint was cumulative probability of maintaining menopausal level [oestradiol (E2) ≤30 pg/ml] from day 29 to day 85. The second efficacy endpoint included changes in E2, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) compared with the baseline. Pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety were analyzed. The study also evaluated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of LY01005. Results:A total of 188 patients were randomised and 187 patients received either LY01005 or Zoladex ?. Cumulative probabilities of maintaining menopausal level (E2≤30 pg/ml) from day 29 to day 85 were 93.1% for LY01005 and 86.3% for Zoladex ?. The between-group difference was 6.8% (95% CI: -2.3%, 15.9%) and primary efficacy in the LY01005 group was not inferior to that in the Zoladex ? group. Changes in E2, LH, and FSH levels compared with the baseline were equivalent between the two groups (E2: 89.34% to 90.23% vs. 82.11% to 85.02%; LH: 88.89% to 95.52% vs. 89.70% to 97.02%; FSH: 75.36% to 80.85% vs.73.07% to 80.24%, respectively). After three consecutive doses of LY01005, the LH and FSH levels of the subjects showed a transient increase after the first dose, reached a peak on the second day and then started to decrease. The LH and FSH reached a lower level and remained at or below that level until the 85th day. Both treatments were well-tolerated. Conclusion:LY01005 is as effective as Zoladex ? in suppressing E2 to menopausal levels in Chinese patients with premenopausal breast cancer, with a similar safety profile.

Objective:To measure the medical service efficiency of county-level TCM hospitals in China in 2023,and systematically analyze the efficiency spatial distribution characteristics,in order to provide references for promoting the high-quality development of county-level TCM hospitals.Methods:The super-efficiency Slack Based Measure(SBM)model was used to measure the medical service efficiency of county-level TCM hospitals,and the overall network space characteristics,individual network space characteristics and clustering characteristics of efficiency distribution of county-level TCM hospitals in various provinces were analyzed with social network analysis method.Results:The medical service efficiency level of county-level TCM hospitals in China was not high,and the connection between hospitals was weak.Due to the remote location of some hospitals,breaking the administrative division to export medical and health resources to the outside world is easy to increase the cost of hospital management,and the independence is strong.However,there are still some dual-way spillover and reception effects between hospitals,which tend to develop harmoniously between provinces.Conclusion:All provincial and county-level TCM hospitals should develop according to local conditions,use the spatial correlation characteristics to gradually narrow the gap between hospitals,and achieve coordinated development.At the same time,urban agglomerations can be used to break the restriction of administrative divisions and strengthen cooperation among counties.For hospitals with weak competitiveness and remote location,resource advantages can be utilized to exert agglomeration effect and improve the overall regional medical service efficiency.

Objective:From the perspective of policy tools,it aimed to explore the policy focuses for promoting the high-quality development of compact county medical communities.Methods:It utilized content analysis method to encode and quantify the policy texts of county medical community.Results:A total of 107 policy documents on the construction of county medical community were screened,and 319 codes were obtained.The classification statistics showed that authoritative tools accounted for 34.80%,persuasive tools accounted for 30.41%,capacity-building tools accounted for 15.99%,system transformation tools accounted for 11.60%,and incentive tools accounted for 7.21%.Conclusion:The policy tools for building county medical communities in China are becoming increasingly diversified,but the strategies for using these tools still need to be strengthened.The government should gradually change the application strategy of authoritative tools and persuasive tools,further strengthen the supervision function of the government,and increase the intensity of policy publicity and guidance.At the same time,policies should strengthen the effective utilization of capacity-building tools,system transformation tools,and incentive tools,so as to establish the long-term mechanism of compact county medical communities,form scientific effective sustainable incentive mechanism,and promote the developmint in healthy,long and sustainable cooperative direction.

Objective:To measure the medical service efficiency of county-level TCM hospitals in China in 2023,and systematically analyze the efficiency spatial distribution characteristics,in order to provide references for promoting the high-quality development of county-level TCM hospitals.Methods:The super-efficiency Slack Based Measure(SBM)model was used to measure the medical service efficiency of county-level TCM hospitals,and the overall network space characteristics,individual network space characteristics and clustering characteristics of efficiency distribution of county-level TCM hospitals in various provinces were analyzed with social network analysis method.Results:The medical service efficiency level of county-level TCM hospitals in China was not high,and the connection between hospitals was weak.Due to the remote location of some hospitals,breaking the administrative division to export medical and health resources to the outside world is easy to increase the cost of hospital management,and the independence is strong.However,there are still some dual-way spillover and reception effects between hospitals,which tend to develop harmoniously between provinces.Conclusion:All provincial and county-level TCM hospitals should develop according to local conditions,use the spatial correlation characteristics to gradually narrow the gap between hospitals,and achieve coordinated development.At the same time,urban agglomerations can be used to break the restriction of administrative divisions and strengthen cooperation among counties.For hospitals with weak competitiveness and remote location,resource advantages can be utilized to exert agglomeration effect and improve the overall regional medical service efficiency.

Objective:From the perspective of policy tools,it aimed to explore the policy focuses for promoting the high-quality development of compact county medical communities.Methods:It utilized content analysis method to encode and quantify the policy texts of county medical community.Results:A total of 107 policy documents on the construction of county medical community were screened,and 319 codes were obtained.The classification statistics showed that authoritative tools accounted for 34.80%,persuasive tools accounted for 30.41%,capacity-building tools accounted for 15.99%,system transformation tools accounted for 11.60%,and incentive tools accounted for 7.21%.Conclusion:The policy tools for building county medical communities in China are becoming increasingly diversified,but the strategies for using these tools still need to be strengthened.The government should gradually change the application strategy of authoritative tools and persuasive tools,further strengthen the supervision function of the government,and increase the intensity of policy publicity and guidance.At the same time,policies should strengthen the effective utilization of capacity-building tools,system transformation tools,and incentive tools,so as to establish the long-term mechanism of compact county medical communities,form scientific effective sustainable incentive mechanism,and promote the developmint in healthy,long and sustainable cooperative direction.

Background:To compare the efficacy and safety of monthly administrations of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists LY01005 and Zoladex ? in Chinese patients with premenopausal breast cancer. Methods:From October 2020 to November 2021, 188 premenopausal breast cancer patients were enrolled in 34 hospitals and randomized 1:1 to receive either LY01005 or Zoladex ? every 28 days for a total of three injections. All patients concomitantly received oral tamoxifen (TAM). The primary efficacy endpoint was cumulative probability of maintaining menopausal level [oestradiol (E2) ≤30 pg/ml] from day 29 to day 85. The second efficacy endpoint included changes in E2, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) compared with the baseline. Pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety were analyzed. The study also evaluated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of LY01005. Results:A total of 188 patients were randomised and 187 patients received either LY01005 or Zoladex ?. Cumulative probabilities of maintaining menopausal level (E2≤30 pg/ml) from day 29 to day 85 were 93.1% for LY01005 and 86.3% for Zoladex ?. The between-group difference was 6.8% (95% CI: -2.3%, 15.9%) and primary efficacy in the LY01005 group was not inferior to that in the Zoladex ? group. Changes in E2, LH, and FSH levels compared with the baseline were equivalent between the two groups (E2: 89.34% to 90.23% vs. 82.11% to 85.02%; LH: 88.89% to 95.52% vs. 89.70% to 97.02%; FSH: 75.36% to 80.85% vs.73.07% to 80.24%, respectively). After three consecutive doses of LY01005, the LH and FSH levels of the subjects showed a transient increase after the first dose, reached a peak on the second day and then started to decrease. The LH and FSH reached a lower level and remained at or below that level until the 85th day. Both treatments were well-tolerated. Conclusion:LY01005 is as effective as Zoladex ? in suppressing E2 to menopausal levels in Chinese patients with premenopausal breast cancer, with a similar safety profile.

Objective:It sorts out the relevant policies of China's public hospital salary system reform,summarizes the short-comings of public hospital salary policy in the process of formulation,and provides references for the subsequent adjustment and opti-mization of salary system.Methods:Based on Policy Modeling Consistency(PMC)index model,public hospital salary policies were collected and preprocessed,high-frequency words were extracted by text mining method,and an evaluation index system of sal-ary policies of public hospitals was constructed.By calculating the score of PMC index and first-level variables,the common prob-lems of various policies are analyzed,and specific suggestions were put forward.Results:The average PMC index of 12 public hos-pital compensation policies was 6.00,the overall quality of the policies was good,but there was still much room for improvement.The main common problems are the lack of internal and external linkage,the neglect of the incentive function of non-economic com-pensation and the unreasonable compensation structure.Conclusion:From the perspective of policy,the reform of public hospital salary system is a systematic project.It is suggested to take holistic thinking as the guide in the follow-up policy making process,en-hance the internal and extemal coordination of the policy,attach importance to the incentive role of non-economic compensation and optimize the salary structure,so as to promote the steady operation of the salary system reform of public hospitals.

Objective:It sorts out the relevant policies of China's public hospital salary system reform,summarizes the short-comings of public hospital salary policy in the process of formulation,and provides references for the subsequent adjustment and opti-mization of salary system.Methods:Based on Policy Modeling Consistency(PMC)index model,public hospital salary policies were collected and preprocessed,high-frequency words were extracted by text mining method,and an evaluation index system of sal-ary policies of public hospitals was constructed.By calculating the score of PMC index and first-level variables,the common prob-lems of various policies are analyzed,and specific suggestions were put forward.Results:The average PMC index of 12 public hos-pital compensation policies was 6.00,the overall quality of the policies was good,but there was still much room for improvement.The main common problems are the lack of internal and external linkage,the neglect of the incentive function of non-economic com-pensation and the unreasonable compensation structure.Conclusion:From the perspective of policy,the reform of public hospital salary system is a systematic project.It is suggested to take holistic thinking as the guide in the follow-up policy making process,en-hance the internal and extemal coordination of the policy,attach importance to the incentive role of non-economic compensation and optimize the salary structure,so as to promote the steady operation of the salary system reform of public hospitals.

Objective:It sorts out the relevant policies of China's public hospital salary system reform,summarizes the short-comings of public hospital salary policy in the process of formulation,and provides references for the subsequent adjustment and opti-mization of salary system.Methods:Based on Policy Modeling Consistency(PMC)index model,public hospital salary policies were collected and preprocessed,high-frequency words were extracted by text mining method,and an evaluation index system of sal-ary policies of public hospitals was constructed.By calculating the score of PMC index and first-level variables,the common prob-lems of various policies are analyzed,and specific suggestions were put forward.Results:The average PMC index of 12 public hos-pital compensation policies was 6.00,the overall quality of the policies was good,but there was still much room for improvement.The main common problems are the lack of internal and external linkage,the neglect of the incentive function of non-economic com-pensation and the unreasonable compensation structure.Conclusion:From the perspective of policy,the reform of public hospital salary system is a systematic project.It is suggested to take holistic thinking as the guide in the follow-up policy making process,en-hance the internal and extemal coordination of the policy,attach importance to the incentive role of non-economic compensation and optimize the salary structure,so as to promote the steady operation of the salary system reform of public hospitals.