Objective To explore the network structure of anxiety,depression and sleep among individuals under long-term high-altitude exposure.Methods A total of 303 subjects who had resided at high altitudes for more than 6 months on end were selected.The insomnia severity index(ISI),patient health questionnaire(PHQ-9),and generalized anxiety disorder scale(GAD-7)were employed to assess insomnia,depression and anxiety before network analysis was conducted to identify the central and bridge nodes in the symptom network.Results The incidence of moderate or severe depression,anxiety and insomnia were 38.9％[95％confidence interval(CI):33.4％-44.5％],23.1％(95％CI:18.3％-27.9％),and 18.5％(95％CI:14.1％-22.9％),respectively."Noticeability of sleep problems by others"had the highest expected influence centrality,followed by"sleep maintenance""uncontrollable worry""restlessness"and"sleep problems".Five bridge symptoms were identified:"sad mood""sleep problems""restlessness""feeling afraid"and"trouble relaxing".Conclusion Sleep-related symptoms play a crucial role in the overall network structure,serving as both central and bridge nodes.Additionally,the"feeling down or depressed"acts as a bridge node and holds importance in the comorbidity network of anxiety and depression.Targeting these key symptoms through intervention and prevention strategies may improve the psychological well-being of individuals with long-term residence in high-altitude regions.

Objective:To investigate the embryo development and clinical pregnancy outcomes in patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on data from 4 080 cycles of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer treatments performed at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from August 2019 to August 2021. Patients were divided into OHSS group ( n=524) and non-OHSS group (control group, n=3 556) based on whether OHSS occurred, and the OHSS group was further divided into OHSS combined with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) subgroup ( n=231) and OHSS combined with non-PCOS subgroup ( n=293) based on the presence of PCOS. General information, embryo developmental data and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results:1) Patients in the OHSS group [(30.7±3.6) years] were younger than those in control group [(31.5±4.8) years, P<0.001], and the number of retrieved oocytes (28.2±5.7), rates of high-quality embryos [52.7% (4 982/9 463)], blastocyst formation [54.0% (5 059/9 371)], biochemical pregnancy [75.0% (393/524)], clinical pregnancy [69.5% (364/524)], and live birth [58.0% (304/524)] were significantly higher in the OHSS group than in control group [12.5±6.7, 49.8% (14 042/28 204), 51.4% (14 279/27 797), 59.5% (2 115/3 556), 54.1% (1 924/3 556), 43.6% (1 550/3 556), respectively; all P<0.001]. 2) Patients in the OHSS combined with PCOS subgroup [(30.2±3.1) years] were younger than those in the OHSS combined with non-PCOS subgroup [(31.1±4.0) years, P=0.009], and the estradiol level [165.0 (101.0, 222.5) pmol/L] was higher than that in the OHSS combined with non-PCOS subgroup [141.0 (81.0,202.0) pmol/L, P=0.005]; rates of high-quality embryos [56.3% (2 413/4 284)], blastocyst formation [67.1% (2 846/4 239)], and high-quality blastocysts [57.7% (2 445/4 239)] were also significantly higher in the OHSS combined with PCOS subgroup than in the OHSS combined with non-PCOS subgroup [49.6% (2 569/5 179), 60.3% (3 092/5 132), 50.9% (2 614/5 132), respectively; all P<0.001]. Conclusion:There is a certain correlation between OHSS and female age. The occurrence of OHSS does not affect embryo development and does not increase adverse pregnancy outcomes in infertile patients. The presence of PCOS does not affect the pregnancy outcomes of OHSS patients. However, in ART, we still strive to avoid the occurrence of adverse events such as OHSS as much as possible.

Objective The main purpose of this study is to compare the embryo development and clinical outcomes of women in different age groups undergoing in vitro fertilization(IVF)processes using gonadotrophin-releasing hormone(GnRH)antagonist protocol,GnRH agonist long protocol,and early follicular phase protocol.We aim to provide reliable reference for future clinical treatments.Methods We conducted a detailed analysis of patients who underwent treatment between January 2021 and February 2023.1)In the overall patient population,we comprehensively compared the basic characteristics,the embryo development,and the clinical outcomes of patients treated with three different ovarian stimulation protocols,including the GnRH antagonist protocol group(n=4 173),the agonist long protocol group(n=2 410),and the early follicular phase long protocol group(n=341).2)We divided the overall population into three age groups,one group for patients under 30 years old(n=2 576),one for patients aged 30-35(n=3 249),and one for patients older than 35 years old(n=1 099).Then,we compared the three stimulation protocols based on the group division.We separately compared the embryo development and clinical outcomes of patients using the three stimulation protocols in the under 30 years old,the 30-35 years old,and the over 35 years old age groups.With this analysis,we aimed to explore the response of different age groups to different stimulation protocols and their impact on the success rate of IVF.Results 1)In the overall population,we found that the average number of oocytes retrieved in the GnRH agonist long protocol group was significantly higher than that in the GnRH antagonist protocol group([13.85±7.162]vs.[13.36±7.862],P=0.022 4),as well as the early follicular phase long protocol group([13.85±7.162]vs.[11.86±6.802],P<0.000 1).Patients in the GnRH antagonist protocol group not only had a significantly lower starting dose of gonadotrophin(Gn)compared to the other two groups(P<0.05)but also had a significantly lower number of days of Gn use(P<0.05).The blastocyst formation rate in the GnRH antagonist protocol group was the highest among the three groups,significantly higher compared to the GnRH agonist long protocol group(64.91% vs.62.35%,P<0.000 1)and the early follicular phase long protocol group(64.91% vs.61.18%,P=0.000 1).However,there were no significant differences in the clinical pregnancy rates or the live birth rates among the three groups treated with different ovarian stimulation protocols(P>0.05).2)In the<30 age group,the blastocyst formation rate in the GnRH antagonist protocol group was the highest among the three groups,significantly higher compared to the GnRH agonist long protocol group(66.12% vs.63.33%,P<0.000 1)and the early follicular phase long protocol group(66.12% vs.62.13%,P=0.009 4).In the 30-35 age group,the blastocyst formation rate in the GnRH antagonist protocol group was the highest among the three groups,significantly higher compared to the GnRH agonist long protocol group(64.88% vs.62.93%,P=0.000 9)and the early follicular phase long protocol group(64.88% vs.60.39%,P=0.001 1).In the>35 age group,the blastocyst formation rate in the GnRH antagonist protocol group was significantly higher than that in the GnRH agonist long protocol group(59.83% vs.56.51%,P=0.009 3),while there was no significant difference compared to that of the early follicular phase long protocol group(P>0.05).In the three age groups,we found that there were no significant differences in clinical pregnancy rate,live birth rate,and neonatal outcome indicators(fetal weight and Apgar score)among the three stimulation protocols(antagonist protocol,GnRH agonist long protocol,and early follicular phase long protocol)(P>0.05).The findings showed no significant differences between clinical and neonatal outcomes in patients of all ages,regardless of the ovarian stimulation protocol,suggesting that the three ovarian stimulation protocols have similar therapeutic effects in patients of different ages.The results of this study have important implications for the selection of an appropriate ovarian stimulation protocol and the prediction of treatment outcomes.Conclusion In the younger than 30 and 30-35 age groups,the GnRH antagonist protocol showed a more significant advantage over the GnRH agonist long protocol and the early follicular phase long protocol.This suggests that for younger and middle-aged patients,the antagonist protocol may lead to better outcomes during ovarian stimulation.In the older than 35 age group,while the antagonist protocol still outperformed the GnRH agonist long protocol,there was no significant difference compared to the early follicular phase long protocol.This may imply that with increasing age,the early follicular phase long protocol may have effects similar to the antagonist protocol to some extent.The advantages of the antagonist protocol lie in its ability to reduce stimulation duration and the dosage of GnRH,while enhancing patient compliance with treatment.This means that patients may find it easier to accept and adhere to this treatment protocol,thereby improving treatment success rates.Particularly for older patients,the use of the antagonist protocol may significantly increase the blastocyst formation rate,which is crucial for improving the success rates.Although there were no significant differences in the clinical outcomes of patients treated with the three protocols in each age group,further research is still needed to validate these findings.Future multicenter studies and increased sample sizes may help comprehensively assess the efficacy of different stimulation protocols.Additionally,prospective studies are needed to further validate these findings and determine the optimal treatment strategies.

Objective:To investigate the embryo development and clinical pregnancy outcomes in patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on data from 4 080 cycles of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer treatments performed at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from August 2019 to August 2021. Patients were divided into OHSS group ( n=524) and non-OHSS group (control group, n=3 556) based on whether OHSS occurred, and the OHSS group was further divided into OHSS combined with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) subgroup ( n=231) and OHSS combined with non-PCOS subgroup ( n=293) based on the presence of PCOS. General information, embryo developmental data and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results:1) Patients in the OHSS group [(30.7±3.6) years] were younger than those in control group [(31.5±4.8) years, P<0.001], and the number of retrieved oocytes (28.2±5.7), rates of high-quality embryos [52.7% (4 982/9 463)], blastocyst formation [54.0% (5 059/9 371)], biochemical pregnancy [75.0% (393/524)], clinical pregnancy [69.5% (364/524)], and live birth [58.0% (304/524)] were significantly higher in the OHSS group than in control group [12.5±6.7, 49.8% (14 042/28 204), 51.4% (14 279/27 797), 59.5% (2 115/3 556), 54.1% (1 924/3 556), 43.6% (1 550/3 556), respectively; all P<0.001]. 2) Patients in the OHSS combined with PCOS subgroup [(30.2±3.1) years] were younger than those in the OHSS combined with non-PCOS subgroup [(31.1±4.0) years, P=0.009], and the estradiol level [165.0 (101.0, 222.5) pmol/L] was higher than that in the OHSS combined with non-PCOS subgroup [141.0 (81.0,202.0) pmol/L, P=0.005]; rates of high-quality embryos [56.3% (2 413/4 284)], blastocyst formation [67.1% (2 846/4 239)], and high-quality blastocysts [57.7% (2 445/4 239)] were also significantly higher in the OHSS combined with PCOS subgroup than in the OHSS combined with non-PCOS subgroup [49.6% (2 569/5 179), 60.3% (3 092/5 132), 50.9% (2 614/5 132), respectively; all P<0.001]. Conclusion:There is a certain correlation between OHSS and female age. The occurrence of OHSS does not affect embryo development and does not increase adverse pregnancy outcomes in infertile patients. The presence of PCOS does not affect the pregnancy outcomes of OHSS patients. However, in ART, we still strive to avoid the occurrence of adverse events such as OHSS as much as possible.

During cryopreservation of oocytes, the high toxicity and high permeability of cryoprotectants often result in the imbalance of oxidant-antioxidant system in oocytes especially the increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. As an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger, melatonin can significantly reduce the level of ROS in oocytes by affecting energy metabolism and signal transduction, and protect mitochondrial function. At the same time, it also plays the role of scavenging free radicals in oocytes, and realizes the suppression of intracellular oxidative stress levels during freezing-thawing process, thereby reducing the cryoinjury of oocytes during cryopreservation, ultimately, improving the blastocyst formation rate of frozen-thawed oocytes and the clinical pregnancy rate after embryo transfer. The application of melatonin in oocyte cryopreservation has a positive significance for the research of female fertility preservation. This article reviews the progress of melatonin in oocyte freezing.

During cryopreservation of oocytes, the high toxicity and high permeability of cryoprotectants often result in the imbalance of oxidant-antioxidant system in oocytes especially the increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. As an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger, melatonin can significantly reduce the level of ROS in oocytes by affecting energy metabolism and signal transduction, and protect mitochondrial function. At the same time, it also plays the role of scavenging free radicals in oocytes, and realizes the suppression of intracellular oxidative stress levels during freezing-thawing process, thereby reducing the cryoinjury of oocytes during cryopreservation, ultimately, improving the blastocyst formation rate of frozen-thawed oocytes and the clinical pregnancy rate after embryo transfer. The application of melatonin in oocyte cryopreservation has a positive significance for the research of female fertility preservation. This article reviews the progress of melatonin in oocyte freezing.

OBJECTIVE：To compare the protective effects of different effective components of Astragali radix against DNA damage of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs）induced by ionizing radiation. METHODS ：2 Gy X-rays were used to directly irradiate BMSCs to establish a radiation model. CCK- 8 method was used to detect the effects of different mass concentrations（25，50，75，100 μg/mL）of astragalus polysaccharide ，astragalus saponin and astragalus flavonoids for 1 day before radiation + 1 to 5 days after radiation on the proliferation of BMSCs. The dose concentration and the duration of intervention after radiation were selected. The irradiated BMSCs were divided into radiation group ，astragalus polysaccharide group ，astragalus saponin group and astragalus flavonoids group. The last three groups were treated with appropriate dosage of corresponding drugs before and 2 days after radiation ，and a blank groupwas set for comparison. Cytoplasmic division arrest qq.com micronucleus method was used to detect micronucleus cell rate and cell micronucleus rate after appropriate time of was used to detect th e number of 53BP1 foci in cells after appropriare time of intervention following radiation ；the number of 53BP1 foci were compared among different time points （0.5，2，12，24 h）. RESULTS ：Compared with blank group ，OD values of BMSCs were decreased significantly in radiation group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with radiation group ，the OD values of BMSCs were significantly increased when 50 μ g/mL astragalus polysaccharide，astragalus saponin and astragalus flavonoids continuously intervened radiation for 2-3 days，there was significant difference in other groups at some time point （P＜0.05 or P＜ 0.01）. After consideration ，drug concentration was determined to be 50 μg/mL，and the continuous intervention time was 2 days after radiation. Compared with blank group ，the micronucleus cell rate and cell micronucleus rate of radiation group ，astragalus polysaccharide group ，astragalus saponin group and astragalus flavonoids group increased significantly ，and the number of 53BP1 focus cluster in radiation group and astragalus polysaccharide group increased significantly （P＜0.01）. Compared with radiation group and astragalus flavonoids group ，the micronucleus cell rate ，cell micronucleus rate and the number of 53BP1 focus cluster （continued intervention for 0.5，2，12 h）in the astragalus polysaccharide group and astragalus saponin group were significantly reduced，and the micronucleus cell rate and cell micronucleus rate in the astragalus polysaccharide group were significantly lower than astragalus saponin group （P＜0.05）. 53BP1 focus cluster could not be detected 24 h later （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ： Astragalus polysaccharide and astragalus saponin both have protective effects on BMSCs DNA damage induced by radiation ，and the protective effect of astragalus polysaccharide is better than that of astragalus saponin ；astragalus flavonoids has no protective effect on radiation-induced DNA damage.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS), as the third leading cause of death worldwide, is characterized by its high incidence, mortality rate, high incurred disability rate, and frequent reoccurrence. The neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) against several cerebral diseases have been reported in previous studies, but the underlying mechanisms of action are still unclear. Using a novel in vitro rat cortical capillary endothelial cell-astrocyte-neuron network model, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of GBE and one of its important constituents, Ginkgolide B (GB), against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation and glucose (OGD/R) injury. In this model, rat cortical capillary endothelial cells, astrocytes, and neurons were cocultured so that they could be synchronously observed in the same system. Pretreatment with GBE or GB increased the neuron cell viability, ameliorated cell injury, and inhibited the cell apoptotic rate through Bax and Bcl-2 expression regulation after OGD/R injury. Furthermore, GBE or GB pretreatment enhanced the transendothelial electrical resistance of capillary endothelial monolayers, reduced the endothelial permeability coefficients for sodium fluorescein (Na-F), and increased the expression levels of tight junction proteins, namely, ZO-1 and occludin, in endothelial cells. Results demonstrated the preventive effects of GBE on neuronal cell death and enhancement of the function of brain capillary endothelial monolayers after OGD/R injury in vitro; thus, GBE could be used as an effective neuroprotective agent for AIS/reperfusion, with GB as one of its significant constituents.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; Ginkgolides ; pharmacology ; Glucose ; Lactones ; pharmacology ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Oxygen ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Stroke ; drug therapy

Objective Motility is an important physiological characteristic of a mature sperm.Nerve growth factor(NGF) is a protein essential for the development,maintenance and survival of the peripheral and central nervous systems.NGF and its receptors TrkA and p75 are widely expressed in the testis,accessory reproductive organ,and the epididymal sperms.In the present study,we investigated the role of NGF on human sperm motility.Methods Use 0.1,1 and 10 μmol/L concentrations of NGF,on sperm motility study to investigate the optimal concentration.Use CASA to detect Sperm motility changes every 10 minutes in an hour after 10 μmol/L NGF was added to the semen.Results The parameters of sperm motility increased after NGF incubation had significant difference, in particular,VAP,VSL,VCL,BCF and LIN mean were significantly increased more than 32%.MAD,STR,ALH and WOB mean had no notable difference.Furthermore,NGF promotes the sperm motility in a time- and dose- dependent manner.In addition,the enhancement of NGF on sperm motility was more stronger than those of sperm culture medium.Conclusion Our findings suggest that NGF plays a promoted role in human sperm motility.

In the guidance of system theory, using Multidisciplinary technology to study on the combination of Chinese traditional and western medicine, helps to promote fingding the common points between the Chinese traditional and western medicine. In this article, it intends to create mathematical model and analysis of correlation between Chinese medicinal characteristics and neurobehavioral effects based on literature informatics. The numbers of the Chinese medicines with neurobehavioral effects were worked out within the frame work of 'The China Pharmacopeia' of 2005 edition, from the literature publicized since 1980. The correlation and mathematical model were figured outbetween Chinese medicinal characteristics including traditional functional classification, different tastes as well as channel tropism and immunoregulatory activity based on the statistical software SPSS. The results showed that the neurobehavioral effects was related to the qi-invigorating drugs, yang-invigorating herbs, blood-invigorating herbs, resuscitative drugs and kidney meridian herbs, tastes mild of Chinese medicines (P<0.05). It also accords with the theory of 'Kidney produce marrow' of TCM, The coincidencewas 82.8% between mathematical computing and original classification. There are correlations between Chinese medicinal characteristics and neurobehavioral effects. The mathematical model based on these results can be used for studing of neurobehavioral effects and clinical treatment.
China ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; trends ; Models, Theoretical ; Nervous System Diseases ; Statistics as Topic