Objective To investigate the mechanism of modified Guizhi Fuling Pills in treating diabetic kidney disease(DKD)through autophagy regulation based on network pharmacology and experimental validation.Methods Active components and action targets of modified Guizhi Fuling Pills were screened via the TCMSP database.DKD-related autophagy targets were obtained from GeneCards,TTD,DrugBank and PharmGKB.A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using STRING,followed by GO functional and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses via DAVID.Molecular docking of key components and core targets was performed using AutoDock Tools 1.5.7.DKD model rats were prepared.The rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,valsartan group(50 mg/kg),and modified Guizhi Fuling Pills low-,medium-and high-dosage group(9.9,19.8 and 39.6 g/kg).After 8-week interventions,body mass and water intake were recorded;fasting blood glucose,24 h urinary total protein(24 hUTP),urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR)were monitored.Renal histopathology was evaluated via HE and Masson staining.Western blot was used to detect protein expressions of AMPK/FOXO1 pathway(p-AMPK,AMPK,FOXO1)and autophagy markers(Beclin-1,p62),while quantitative real-time PCR was used to assess AMPK and FOXO1 mRNA expressions.Results A total of 146 active components of Guizhi Fuling Pills and 33 main targets for treating DKD were screened,with the core targets including FOXO1,BCL2,TP53 and PTEN.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that AMPK/FOXO1 signaling pathway,AGE-RAGE and insulin signaling pathways may play a core regulatory role.Guizhi Fuling Pills could significantly reduce the body mass of DKD rats,reduce water intake,decrease renal index,decrease fasting blood glucose,24 hUTP and UACR(P<0.05,P<0.01),improve renal tissue pathology,increase AMPK,FOXO1,Beclin-1 protein expressions and AMPK,FOXO1 mRNA expressions(P<0.05),and reduce p62 protein expression(P<0.05).Conclusion Modified Guizhi Fuling Pills may exert therapeutic effects on DKD by regulating the AMPK-FOXO1-autophagy axis.

Objective To establish an expert consensus on in-hospital transfer safety management for patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation,providing guidance for clinical medical teams to conduct standardized transfers,reduce transfer risks,and ensure patient safety.Methods Through systematic searching,screening,evaluation,and summary of evidence related to in-hospital transfer safety management for patients on invasive mechanical ventilation,we extracted recommendations to form a preliminary draft of the expert consensus.From July to October 2024,totally 2 rounds of expert consultations,and 2 rounds of expert reviews were conducted,and the content was refined and finalized based on expert feedback.Results The final consensus encompasses 9 aspects,including transfer assessment and decision-making,pre-transfer preparation of medical staff,pre-transfer patient preparation,pre-transfer equipment preparation,pre-transfer medication preparation,monitoring and intervention during transfer,emergency events and management,transfer handover and documentation,and post-transfer management.Conclusion This consensus demonstrates strong practicality and operability,offering professional guidance for enhancing the safety of in-hospital transfers for patients on invasive mechanical ventilation.

Objective To establish an expert consensus on in-hospital transfer safety management for patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation,providing guidance for clinical medical teams to conduct standardized transfers,reduce transfer risks,and ensure patient safety.Methods Through systematic searching,screening,evaluation,and summary of evidence related to in-hospital transfer safety management for patients on invasive mechanical ventilation,we extracted recommendations to form a preliminary draft of the expert consensus.From July to October 2024,totally 2 rounds of expert consultations,and 2 rounds of expert reviews were conducted,and the content was refined and finalized based on expert feedback.Results The final consensus encompasses 9 aspects,including transfer assessment and decision-making,pre-transfer preparation of medical staff,pre-transfer patient preparation,pre-transfer equipment preparation,pre-transfer medication preparation,monitoring and intervention during transfer,emergency events and management,transfer handover and documentation,and post-transfer management.Conclusion This consensus demonstrates strong practicality and operability,offering professional guidance for enhancing the safety of in-hospital transfers for patients on invasive mechanical ventilation.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of modified Guizhi Fuling Pills in treating diabetic kidney disease(DKD)through autophagy regulation based on network pharmacology and experimental validation.Methods Active components and action targets of modified Guizhi Fuling Pills were screened via the TCMSP database.DKD-related autophagy targets were obtained from GeneCards,TTD,DrugBank and PharmGKB.A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using STRING,followed by GO functional and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses via DAVID.Molecular docking of key components and core targets was performed using AutoDock Tools 1.5.7.DKD model rats were prepared.The rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,valsartan group(50 mg/kg),and modified Guizhi Fuling Pills low-,medium-and high-dosage group(9.9,19.8 and 39.6 g/kg).After 8-week interventions,body mass and water intake were recorded;fasting blood glucose,24 h urinary total protein(24 hUTP),urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR)were monitored.Renal histopathology was evaluated via HE and Masson staining.Western blot was used to detect protein expressions of AMPK/FOXO1 pathway(p-AMPK,AMPK,FOXO1)and autophagy markers(Beclin-1,p62),while quantitative real-time PCR was used to assess AMPK and FOXO1 mRNA expressions.Results A total of 146 active components of Guizhi Fuling Pills and 33 main targets for treating DKD were screened,with the core targets including FOXO1,BCL2,TP53 and PTEN.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that AMPK/FOXO1 signaling pathway,AGE-RAGE and insulin signaling pathways may play a core regulatory role.Guizhi Fuling Pills could significantly reduce the body mass of DKD rats,reduce water intake,decrease renal index,decrease fasting blood glucose,24 hUTP and UACR(P<0.05,P<0.01),improve renal tissue pathology,increase AMPK,FOXO1,Beclin-1 protein expressions and AMPK,FOXO1 mRNA expressions(P<0.05),and reduce p62 protein expression(P<0.05).Conclusion Modified Guizhi Fuling Pills may exert therapeutic effects on DKD by regulating the AMPK-FOXO1-autophagy axis.

ObjectiveTo observe the mechanism of Jiawei Guizhi Fuling decoction （JGFD） in alleviating sciatic nerve injury in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy （PDPN） rats by regulating mitophagy through the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 （PINK1）/Parkin signaling pathway. MethodThe PDPN model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin （STZ）. After modeling， the rats were randomly divided into JGFD high， medium， and low dose groups （JGFD-H， JGFD-M， JGFD-L； 39.6， 19.8， 9.9 g·kg^-1·d^-1， respectively）， a positive drug group （lipoic acid capsules， LA； 50 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， and a model group （PDPN）. A blank control group （CON） was established. Drug intervention was administered continuously for 8 weeks after modeling. Measurements included body weight and fasting blood glucose of PDPN rats at weeks 0， 2， 4， and 8， mechanical pain threshold and thermal pain threshold at weeks 0 and 8， and motor nerve conduction velocity at week 8. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the morphology of sciatic nerve tissue. The ultrastructure of mitochondria and autophagosomes was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression levels of PINK1， Parkin， p62， Beclin-1， and LC3 in sciatic nerve tissue. Additionally， real-time quantitative PCR （Real-time PCR） was performed to detect the mRNA expression levels of PINK1， Parkin， p62， Beclin-1， and LC3 in sciatic nerve tissue. ResultCompared with the CON group， the PDPN group showed a significant decrease in body weight at all time points， a significant increase in fasting blood glucose， significantly shortened mechanical pain and thermal pain thresholds， and significantly reduced motor nerve conduction velocity. The protein and mRNA expression of PINK1， Parkin， Beclin-1， and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3（LC3） in sciatic nerve tissue was significantly reduced， while p62 protein and mRNA expression was significantly increased （P<0.01）. Pathological changes included edema of sciatic nerve fibers， segmental demyelination， loose and disordered arrangement of the myelin sheath layers， significant swelling of mitochondria， reduced electron density， disappearance of cristae， and absence of typical autophagosome and autolysosome structures. Compared with the PDPN group， each JGFD dose group showed a significant increase in body weight and a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The mechanical pain threshold and thermal pain threshold were significantly prolonged， and motor nerve conduction velocity was significantly increased across all JGFD and LA groups. The expression levels of PINK1， Parkin， Beclin-1， and LC3 proteins and mRNA in sciatic nerve tissue were significantly increased， while p62 protein and mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Pathological damage to the sciatic nerve was alleviated to varying degrees， with a relatively intact myelin sheath morphology and intact or slightly edematous outer mitochondrial membrane. Autophagolysosome structures were observed in the JGFD-M and JGFD-H groups. Compared with the LA group， the JGFD-H group showed a significant increase in body weight， a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose， a significant increase in motor nerve conduction velocity， a significant increase in PINK1 protein expression and PINK1， Parkin， and Beclin-1 mRNA expression in sciatic nerve tissue， and a significant decrease in p62 mRNA expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionJGFD may alleviate sciatic nerve injury in PDPN rats by activating mitophagy through the regulation of the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway.

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of single and bilateral lung transplantation in the treatment of end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Chinese and English databases were searched by computer, including PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, EMbase, CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP database and CBM. Case-control studies on single lung transplantation or bilateral lung transplantation for COPD were collected from the inception to July 31, 2022. We evaluated the quality of the literature via Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). All results were analyzed using Review Manager V5.3 and STATA 17.0. Results A total of 8 studies were included covering 14076 patients, including 8326 patients in the single lung transplantation group and 5750 patients in the bilateral lung transplantation group. NOS scores were≥6 points. The results of meta-analysis showed that there was no statistical difference in the postoperative 1-year survival between the two groups (P=0.070). The 2-year survival rate (P=0.002), 3-year survival rate (P<0.001), 5-year survival rate (P<0.001), overall survival rate (P＜0.001), postoperative forced expiratory volume in one second/predicted value (P<0.001), postoperative forced vital capacity (P<0.001), and postoperative 6-minute walking distance (P=0.002) were lower or shorter than those in the bilateral lung transplantation group, the postoperative intubation time (P=0.030) was longer than that in the bilateral lung transplantation group. Bilateral lung transplantation group showed better surgical results. There was no statistical difference in the mortality, obliterative bronchiolitis, length of hospitalization, primary graft dysfunction, or postoperative adverse events (P>0.05). Conclusion Bilateral lung transplantation is associated with better long-term survival and postoperative lung function compared with single lung transplantation. In-hospital mortality and postoperative complications are similar between them.

Objective:To explore the distribution of allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) for children with atopic dermatitis in Tianjin City and provide the evidences of clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the children who were suspected of atopic dermatitis and tested for serum sIgE in the Tianjin Children′s Hospital from March 2021 to February 2023. Using first detection results only, a total of 1 841 serum samples were tested for twenty common allergens. The method was the enzyme-linked immune capture assay. The allergen epidemiological characteristics were statistically analyzed by Chi square test based on the children′s characteristics and factors such as different sexes, ages and seasons by the mass data.Results:Among the 1 841 cases, the results showed that 1 247 (67.73%) were sensitized to at least 1 allergen-sIgE, comprising to 49.86% (918/1 841) to food allergen-sIgE and 47.96% (883/1 841) to aeroallergen-sIgE. The top three food allergens-sIgE were egg 32.10% (591/1 841), milk 25.91% (477/1 841) and wheat flour 14.61% (269/1 841); the top three positive rates of aeroallergens-sIgE were house dust 24.33% (448/1 841), alternaria 20.59% (379/1 841) and dermatophagoides farinae 14.83% (273/1 841). The positive rates of food allergens-sIgE were the highest in the 1-3 years old group (64.11%, 434/677) ( χ2=122.854, P<0.001), while the positive rates of aeroallergens-sIgE were higher in the 11-14 years old group (71.26%, 62/87) ( χ2=134.968, P<0.001). No seasonal difference was revealed in the overall positive rate of food allergen-sIgE and aeroallergen-sIgE ( χ2=4.047, P=0.256; χ2=7.549, P=0.056). The positive rates of soybean-sIgE and milk-sIgE were the highest in summer ( χ2=11.329, P=0.010; χ2=28.720 , P<0.001), whereas alternaria-sIgE and mugwort-sIgE were the highest in summer and autumn, respectively ( χ2=8.462, P=0.037; χ2=10.641 , P=0.014). Among the 1 841 cases, 32.21% were sensitized to three or more allergens-sIgE. The sIgE concentration levels of egg, milk and house dust were mainly level 1 to 2, and the proportions of level 3 and above were all under 15%; although the positive rates of crab, shrimp, and peanut were low, the proportions of grade 3 and above were all beyond 30%. Children sensitized to alternaria, dermatophagoides farinae, mugwort, and cat dander had higher sIgE concentration levels, which were 68.07%, 49.45%, 56.57% and 47.83% respectively. Conclusions:This study can reflect the epidemic characteristics of allergen-sIgE in children with atopic dermatitis in Tianjin region to a certain extent. Allergen-sIgE positivity in patients differed by age, and there were seasonal differences and grade distribution differences in the positive rates of some allergens-sIgE. It is necessary to reasonably avoid the high-risk allergens according to the epidemiological characteristics and clinical symptoms, which provide valuable information for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Objective:To explore the distribution of allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) for children with atopic dermatitis in Tianjin City and provide the evidences of clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the children who were suspected of atopic dermatitis and tested for serum sIgE in the Tianjin Children′s Hospital from March 2021 to February 2023. Using first detection results only, a total of 1 841 serum samples were tested for twenty common allergens. The method was the enzyme-linked immune capture assay. The allergen epidemiological characteristics were statistically analyzed by Chi square test based on the children′s characteristics and factors such as different sexes, ages and seasons by the mass data.Results:Among the 1 841 cases, the results showed that 1 247 (67.73%) were sensitized to at least 1 allergen-sIgE, comprising to 49.86% (918/1 841) to food allergen-sIgE and 47.96% (883/1 841) to aeroallergen-sIgE. The top three food allergens-sIgE were egg 32.10% (591/1 841), milk 25.91% (477/1 841) and wheat flour 14.61% (269/1 841); the top three positive rates of aeroallergens-sIgE were house dust 24.33% (448/1 841), alternaria 20.59% (379/1 841) and dermatophagoides farinae 14.83% (273/1 841). The positive rates of food allergens-sIgE were the highest in the 1-3 years old group (64.11%, 434/677) ( χ2=122.854, P<0.001), while the positive rates of aeroallergens-sIgE were higher in the 11-14 years old group (71.26%, 62/87) ( χ2=134.968, P<0.001). No seasonal difference was revealed in the overall positive rate of food allergen-sIgE and aeroallergen-sIgE ( χ2=4.047, P=0.256; χ2=7.549, P=0.056). The positive rates of soybean-sIgE and milk-sIgE were the highest in summer ( χ2=11.329, P=0.010; χ2=28.720 , P<0.001), whereas alternaria-sIgE and mugwort-sIgE were the highest in summer and autumn, respectively ( χ2=8.462, P=0.037; χ2=10.641 , P=0.014). Among the 1 841 cases, 32.21% were sensitized to three or more allergens-sIgE. The sIgE concentration levels of egg, milk and house dust were mainly level 1 to 2, and the proportions of level 3 and above were all under 15%; although the positive rates of crab, shrimp, and peanut were low, the proportions of grade 3 and above were all beyond 30%. Children sensitized to alternaria, dermatophagoides farinae, mugwort, and cat dander had higher sIgE concentration levels, which were 68.07%, 49.45%, 56.57% and 47.83% respectively. Conclusions:This study can reflect the epidemic characteristics of allergen-sIgE in children with atopic dermatitis in Tianjin region to a certain extent. Allergen-sIgE positivity in patients differed by age, and there were seasonal differences and grade distribution differences in the positive rates of some allergens-sIgE. It is necessary to reasonably avoid the high-risk allergens according to the epidemiological characteristics and clinical symptoms, which provide valuable information for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Objective To discuss the cognition of interventional radiology(IR)and employment intention in the students majoring in imaging technology in medical school.Methods From June 7 to July 31 of 2023,a voluntary and anonymous online questionnaire survey concerning the cognition of IR and employment intention was conducted in the students majoring in medical imaging technology in Sichuan University,North Sichuan Medical College,Harbin Medical University,Hebei Medical University,Changzhi Medical College and Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation.The data obtained from the survey were analyzed by descriptive analysis and chi-square test using SPSS 24.0 statistical software.Results A total of 126 valid questionnaires were received.Eighty-seven students(69.05％),94 students(74.61％)and 81(64.28％)students had no knowledge or just had a little bit knowledge about the medical position and current status of IR in the fields of cardiovascular diseases,neurological diseases,and tumor diagnosis and treatment respectively.The IR course was obligatory course for the medical imaging technology specialty in all the schools participating in this survey,and 112 students(91.8％)stated that the school curriculum is the main way to acquire knowledge of IR,and the internet platforms,television science popularization and academic conferences were the other ways to acquire knowledge of IR.Four students(3.17％),17 students(13.49％),57 students(45.24％),39 students(30.95％)and 9 students(7.14％)participating in this survey expressed that they had no intention,no willingness,neutral attitude,high willingness and high intention respectively to engage in IR work in future.The difference in the degree of willingness to engage in IR specialty in future between students of different gender as well as between students with different schooling level was not statistically significant,and the exposure to radiation,work-related high stress,and long working time were the main influencing factors for students to consider IR as their professional career.Conclusion At present,both the cognition of IR and the employment intention are not high in the students majoring in imaging technology in medical school.Therefore,it is very important to improve their cognition of IR and willingness to engage in IR profession.

Traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage commonly presents in traumatic brain injury patients, and it may lead to complications such as meningitis, ventriculitis, brain abscess, subdural hematoma or tension pneumocephalus. When misdiagnosed or inappropriately treated, traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage may result in severe complications and may be life-threatening. Some traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage has concealed manifestations and is prone to misdiagnosis. Due to different sites and mechanisms of trauma and degree of cerebrospinal fluid leak, treatments for traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage varies greatly. Hence, the Craniocerebral Trauma Professional Group of Neurosurgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Neurological Injury Professional Group of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized relevant experts to formulate the " Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage in adults ( version 2023)" based on existing clinical evidence and experience. The consensus consisted of 16 recommendations, covering the leakage diagnosis, localization, treatments, and intracranial infection prevention, so as to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage and improve the overall prognosis of the patients.