OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of Bushen huoxue formula in improving pregnancy outcomes in mice with antiphospholipid antibody-related recurrent spontaneous abortion （aPL-RSA）. METHODS SPF female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal control group， adjuvant control group， model group， and Bushen huoxue formula group. The aPL-RSA mouse model was established by immunization with β 2 glycoproteinⅠcombined with Freund’s adjuvant. From gestational day 0， the Bushen huoxue formula group was administered 1.653 6 g/（kg·d） of the prescription by gavage， while the other three groups received an equal volume of normal saline， twice daily for 15 consecutive days. The uterine appearance of pregnant mice was observed； individual embryo weight was recorded， and the embryo resorption rate was calculated. The proportion of activated CD41 + CD62p + platelets in platelet-rich plasma （PRP） was detected. Serum levels of thromboxane B2 （TXB2） and platelet factor 4 （PF4） were measured. Morphological changes of placental tissue were observed. The cell apoptosis rate of placental tissue was detected. The levels of malondialdehyde （MDA） content， tot al superoxide dismutase （T-SOD） activity， the interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and IL-18， the protein expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-3 （MMP-3）， MMP-9， nuclear proliferation antigen-67 （Ki67）， superoxide dismutase 2 （SOD2）， Nod-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD （ASC）， and caspase-1， as well as the mRNA expressions of superoxide dismutase 2（SOD2）， NLRP3， ASC and caspase-1 of placental tissue were detected. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group and adjuvant control group， the model group showed significant decreases in individual embryo weight， T-SOD activity of placental tissue， and relative expression levels of SOD2 mRNA and protein （ P ＜0.05）； while significant increases were observed in embryo resorption rate， proportion of activated CD41 + CD62p + platelets in PRP， serum levels of TXB2 and PF4， placental cell apoptosis rate， MDA content in placental tissue， relative protein expressions of MMP-3， MMP-9 and Ki67， relative protein and mRNA expression levels of NLRP3， ASC and caspase-1 as well as IL-1β and IL-18 levels （ P ＜0.05）. The model group also exhibited irregular uterine morphology with localized atrophy in some uterine horns； placental tissue showed fragmentation of decidual cells， extensive vacuolization and necrosis of trophoblast cells in the labyrinthine zone， accompanied by vascular reduction. After intervention with Bushen huoxue formula， the above indicators were significantly reversed （ P ＜0.05）， and uterine morphology and pathological damage were markedly improved. CONCLUSIONS Bushen huoxue formula can effectively improve pregnancy outcomes in aPL-RSA model mice， and its mechanism may be closely related to inhibiting platelet activation， reducing oxidative stress injury， enhancing trophoblast cell function， and suppressing the inflammatory response mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.

Objective To evaluate the effect of cytochrome P450 3A5(CYP3A5)genetic polymorphism on the blood drug concentration of tacrolimus(TAC)in patients with lupus nephritis(LN),to determine the appropriate initial dose for LN patients of different genotypes and the differences in time to remission,and to analyze factors associated with LN prognosis.Methods Patients with active LN attending the outpatient clinic of the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology,West China Hospital,Sichuan University were enrolled.Their CYP3A5 genotypes were determined.According to the different genotypes,the patients were assigned to two groups,the AA+GA group,or the rapid metabolism group with the genotype CYP3A5*1/*1,i.e.,AA+CYP3A5*1/*3,and the GG group,or the slow metabolism group with the genotype CYP3A5*3/*3.The basic information,clinical manifestations,history of other diseases,and medication history of the enrolled patients were collected.According to the principle of simple random grouping,patients in each group were randomly divided into two subgroups,receiving TAC at initial doses of 0.05 mg/(kg·d)and 0.075 mg/(kg·d),respectively.Data on laboratory test indicators,including TAC blood drug concentration,blood pressure,and other relevant clinical follow-up indicators,were collected each month from each group.Patients were also evaluated each month for their clinical remission status.When patients in the 0.05 mg/(kg·d)initial dose group did not achieve clinical remission after 2 months,the TAC dose was increased to 0.075 mg/(kg·d),and the patients were observed until the end of the 6th month.Patients in the 0.075 mg/(kg·d)initial dose group were observed for 6 months,regardless of their remission status.Results In the LN patient subgroups receiving TAC at the same initial dose,the cumulative remission rate of patients with the GG genotype was higher than that of patients with the AA+GA genotype,but only in the 0.05 mg/(kg·d)initial dose group,the difference in cumulative remission rate between the two genotypes was statistically significant(P<0.05).According to a comparison of patients with the same genotype who received TAC at different initial doses,the remission rate of patients receiving 0.075 mg/(kg·d)initial dose was higher than that of the 0.05 mg/(kg·d)initial dose group,but only in patients with AA+GA genotype,the difference in remission rate between the two initial dose groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Whether it was different genotypes in the same TAC initial dose group or different TAC initial doses of the same genotype,there was no statistically significant difference in the time to achieve complete remission(P>0.05).Regardless of the different initial TAC doses,patients with the GG genotype maintained higher TAC blood concentrations than those with the AA+GA genotype throughout the course of treatment.TAC blood concentration during treatment(OR=1.941;95%CI,1.47-2.563;P<0.001),CYP3A5*1 genotype carrier status(OR=0.161;95%CI,0.053-0.492;P=0.001),and the initial TAC dose(OR=0.205;95%CI,0.113-0.371;P<0.001)were all significant factors influencing treatment efficacy.When TAC blood concentration was higher,patients with the GG genotype receiving TAC at an initial dose of 0.075 mg/(kg·d)were more likely to achieve clinical remission.There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions between subgroups with the same genotype but receiving TAC at different initial doses(P>0.05).Conclusion The efficacy of TAC in treating LN patients is correlated with CYP3A5 genotypes,TAC blood drug concentration,and TAC initial dose.The blood drug concentration of TAC is influenced by CYP3A5 genotypes,with the TAC blood drug concentrations of the slow metabolism group being higher than that of the fast metabolism group.When the TAC blood drug concentration reaches 6-10 ng/mL,it is more likely for LN patients to achieve clinical remission.

Objective:To investigate the value of dual-energy CT parameters in the evaluation of pathological grade of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Methods:80 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed and divided into high grade group (36 cases) and low grade group (44 cases) according to their differentiation degree. All 80 patients underwent SOMATOM Force DECT for arterial phase (AP) and pancreatic phase (PP) scanning, and measured dual-energy parameters including dual-phase iodine concentration (IC AP, IC PP) in tumors and normal pancreatic parenchyma, pancreatic phase and arterial phase iodine concentration difference (ICD PP-AP) in tumors, dual-phase iodine uptake ratio (IUR AP, IUR PP) , dual-phase tumor/normal pancreatic parenchyma fat fraction ratio, and dual-phase slope of energy spectrum curve. Differences between two groups were compared by two independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test or chi-square test. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of pathological grading of PDAC. Results:There were statistically significant differences in gender, age, aspect ratio, positive lymph node, fat fraction ratio in pancreatic phase between the two groups ( P< 0.05) . The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that fat fraction ratio in pancreatic phase ( OR=1.781, 95% CI 1.127-2.814, P=0.013) , positive lymph node ( OR=4.870, 95% CI 1.488-15.938, P=0.009) , aspect ratio ( OR=0.019, 95% CI 0.001-0.437, P=0.013) were independent factors influencing the pathologic grade of PDAC. Conclusion:Parameters of dual-energy CT are valuable in the evaluation of pathological grading of PDAC.

Objective:To investigate the value of dual-energy CT parameters in the evaluation of pathological grade of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Methods:80 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed and divided into high grade group (36 cases) and low grade group (44 cases) according to their differentiation degree. All 80 patients underwent SOMATOM Force DECT for arterial phase (AP) and pancreatic phase (PP) scanning, and measured dual-energy parameters including dual-phase iodine concentration (IC AP, IC PP) in tumors and normal pancreatic parenchyma, pancreatic phase and arterial phase iodine concentration difference (ICD PP-AP) in tumors, dual-phase iodine uptake ratio (IUR AP, IUR PP) , dual-phase tumor/normal pancreatic parenchyma fat fraction ratio, and dual-phase slope of energy spectrum curve. Differences between two groups were compared by two independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test or chi-square test. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of pathological grading of PDAC. Results:There were statistically significant differences in gender, age, aspect ratio, positive lymph node, fat fraction ratio in pancreatic phase between the two groups ( P< 0.05) . The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that fat fraction ratio in pancreatic phase ( OR=1.781, 95% CI 1.127-2.814, P=0.013) , positive lymph node ( OR=4.870, 95% CI 1.488-15.938, P=0.009) , aspect ratio ( OR=0.019, 95% CI 0.001-0.437, P=0.013) were independent factors influencing the pathologic grade of PDAC. Conclusion:Parameters of dual-energy CT are valuable in the evaluation of pathological grading of PDAC.

Objective:To test the reliability and validity of the general procrastination scale (GPS) in the application of middle school students.Methods:The Chinese version of GPS, the irrational procrastination scale(IPS), and the Maslach burnout inventory(MBI) were utilized to survey 10 825 middle school students in Harbin City through stratified random sampling, and 4 498 students were retested after 4 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 and Mplus 8.0.Results:The entries were well differentiated.Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that GPS was composed of two factors, including active avoidance and lack of planning.The model fit was good (CFI=0.914, TLI=0.901, RMSEA=0.069, SRMR=0.072). GPS was positively correlated with the total scores of IPS and MBI ( r=0.753, 0.677, both P<0.001). The Cronbach's α coefficient of GPS was 0.864, the folded half reliability was 0.870, and the retest reliability after 4 weeks was 0.756. Conclusion:The GPS has good reliability and validity among middle school students, which provides a standard for measuring the procrastination level of middle school students and carrying out related research.

【Objective】 To analyze the height growth of children aged 6 - 15 years in Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, so as to provide evidence for the assessment of local children′s height development. 【Methods】 A total of 25 225 children aged 6 - 15 years were selected to get their physical examination data from 41 primary schools in Nanning by stratified cluster sampling method in December 2021.Then the height data were compared with the current domestic standards. 【Results】 The average height of boys in Nanning was lower than the national standard before the age of 10 years and 7 months, and the gap with the national standard gradually narrowed after the age of 10 years and 7 months. The average height of boys in Nanning City exceeded the national standard between the age of 11 years and 1 month and 13 years and 6 months, and then lagged behind the national standard again after the age of 13 years and 7 months. The mean height of girls in Nanning City was lower than the national standard height in several age groups, and it was more obvious before the age of 9 years and 7 months. The proportion of height ≤-2s,≤-s,≥ +s and ≥+2s in boys aged 6 to 15 years in Nanning City fluctuated from 2.59% to 6.04%, 12.09% to 23.43%, 7.18% to 18.79% and 0.93% to 3.14%, respectively; the total proportions were 4.56%, 17.46%, 11.35% and 1.74%, respectively; the minimum/maximum proportion values of each height group were at 11 years old /8 years old, 14 years old/8 years old, 8 years old/12 years old, and 6 years old/11 years old, respectively. The proportions of girls aged 6 - 15 years in Nanning City with height ≤-2s, ≤-s, ≥+s, and ≥+2s fluctuated from 2.06% to 5.19%, 9.35% to 25.15%, 8.21% to 15.80% and 1.23% to 3.49%, respectively; the total proportions were 3.38%, 16.91%, 11.97% and 2.29%, respectively; and the minimum/maximum proportion values of each height group were at 13 years old/6 years old, 12 years old/6 years old, 7 years old/12 years old, and 6 years old/11 years old, respectively. 【Conclusions】 The overall height level of children in Nanning is still lower than the national level, with short prepubertal basal heights, an earlier age of onset of accelerated pubertal height, and a shorter duration of accelerated pubertal height in boys. Strengthening pre-pubertal height management and emphasizing the onset and duration of children′s pubertal development, especially the height development of boys during puberty, can help improve the adult lifelong height of children in this region.

The patient 1,a 13-year-old boy,was admitted due to"recurrent oral ulcers for 3 years,abdominal pain for 8 months,and perianal ulcers for 10 days";The patient 2,a 3-year-old boy,was admitted due to"recurrent abdominal pain,diarrhea,and fever for over 3 months".Genetic testing of both patients revealed"deficiency in ELF4,X-linked"(DEX),and the patients were diagnosed with Behcet's disease-like syndrome due to deficiency in ELF4,accordingly.The patient 1 was successively given intravenous methylprednisolone pulses and oral prednisone and mesalazine for symptomatic treatment.The patient 2 was successively treated with corticosteroids combined with enteral nutrition,as well as oral mercaptopurine.Subsequently,both patients showed improvements in symptoms and were discharged.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of antibacterial peptides in the adjuvant therapy of stage Ⅲ periodontitis. Methods: Fifty-one patients were randomly divided into simple mechanical curettage group, minocycline hydrochloride group and antibacterial peptide group according to the treatment mode. Three groups received periodontal sequential treatment, and after the ultrasonic supragingival scaling, they were performed with curettage, root surface planing, polishing and flushing. After treatment in the minocycline hydrochloride group and the biological antibacterial peptide group, minocycline hydrochloride ointment and biological antibacterial peptide periodontal gel were injected into the periodontal pocket respectively. The mechanical curettage group did not take medicine. Periodontal checklists at baseline and 90 d after treatment were recorded to compare differences of the three groups in periodontal probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI) and attachment level (AL). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELSIA) was used to detect the change of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β by collecting the gingival crevicular fluid of the three sets at baseline, 7 d after treatment and 90 d after treatment. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in periodontal clinical examination indexes(PD,BI,AL) and contents of TNF-α and IL-1β in the gingival crevicular fluid between the three groups at baseline (P>0.05). At 7 and 90 d after treatment, all indexes in the three groups were improved compared with those before treatment. The comparison between groups showed that in periodontal pockets with PD≤5 mm, there was no statistically significant difference in the indicators between the three groups. In periodontal pockets with PD≥6 mm, the minocycline hydrochloride group and the bio-antibacterial peptide group had no statistically significant difference in various indicators, but they were all better than the mechanical scaling group. Conclusion Basic periodontal therapy is an important treatment for stage Ⅲ periodontitis. Minocycline hydrochloride and biological antibacterial peptides are both effective adjuvant drugs for deep periodontal pockets with PD≥6 mm.

Objective:This study aims to investigate the effects of Zhibao Sanbian Pills on learning and memory ability and explore its mechanism.Methods:Cognitive decline and memory impairment in mice was induced by scopolamine. Morris water maze test, platform jumping test and dark avoidance test were used to evaluate the learning and memory ability of mice. TCMSP, TCMID database and literature search were used to search the chemical components of Zhibao Sanbian Pills. The potential active components were screened through ADMETlab 2.0. The targets were predicted by Swiss Target Prediction. GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were conducted through the Metascape database, and a PPI network was constructed for MCODE module analysis.Results:Compared with the model group, the latency of water maze test in the high-dose group of Zhibao Sanbian Pills was shortened ( P<0.05), and the time of platform quadrant and the number of crossing increased ( P<0.05). 863 active components and 401 potential targets of Zhibao Sanbian Pills were collected. The enrichment analysis of MCODE, GO and KEGG pathways found that the action pathways of Zhibao Sanbian Pills to improve cognitive impairment involve neuroactive ligand receptor pathway, calcium signal pathway, Rap1 signal pathway, PI3K-Akt signal pathway, MAPK signal transduction pathway, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor pathway, etc. Conclusion:Zhibao Sanbian Pills have the potential to improve the learning and memory ability of mice, which may be realized through MAPK signaling pathway and other neural related signaling pathways.

OBJECTIVE To sort out and analyze the expression and provisions of drug standards in the text of the newly revised Drug Administration Law ，and to explore the connotation and legal positioning of drug registration standards so as to provide reference for the rational application and interpretation of relevant provisions of drug standards in Drug Administration Law . METHODS Through the review of the evolution of drug standard management in China ，the legal provisions of drug standard in the Drug Administration Law were analyzed. Comparative study and literature research methods were used to analyze the legal expression and connotation of drug standards. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS There were different expressions about “national drug standards ”“drug standards ”and“quality standards ”in the current provisions of the newly revised Drug Administration Law ； the legal position of the provincial-level standard for the preparation of Chinese herbal pieces was not clear ，and there may be insufficient legal regulation in the enforcement of drug administration. It is necessary to make an administrative interpretation for the content of relevant drug standards and provisions ，and further clarify the legal attributes of drug standards in the processing of provincial Chinese herbal pieces in order to promote the standardized management of Chinese herbal pieces.