BACKGROUND:Antioxidants can alleviate cellular damage and matrix degradation caused by oxidative stress,protect the structure and function of intervertebral discs,and thus delay the occurrence and development of intervertebral disc degeneration.OBJECTIVE:To review the research status of antioxidants in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.METHODS:The first author searched the articles included in CNKI and PubMed databases.The literature search time was from inception to June 2024.Chinese search terms were"intervertebral disc degeneration,antioxidants,oxidative stress,signaling pathways."English search terms were"antioxidants,oxidative stresses,oxidative DNA damage,intervertebral disc degenerations,degenerative disc disease*,disc degeneration*,signal pathway."Finally,92 articles that met the criteria were selected for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Antioxidants have multiple roles in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration,including reducing oxidative stress,inhibiting inflammatory responses,promoting autophagy,inhibiting apoptosis,and protecting the extracellular matrix.Through the combined effect of multiple pathways,antioxidants are expected to become an important means in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.(2)The nano-hydrogel system can quickly and stably target the delivery of antioxidants to the inside of the intervertebral disc and improve the bioavailability of antioxidants.Therefore,the development of new antioxidants and antioxidant combination treatment strategies carried by nano-hydrogel systems will be the focus of future research.

BACKGROUND:Antioxidants can alleviate cellular damage and matrix degradation caused by oxidative stress,protect the structure and function of intervertebral discs,and thus delay the occurrence and development of intervertebral disc degeneration.OBJECTIVE:To review the research status of antioxidants in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.METHODS:The first author searched the articles included in CNKI and PubMed databases.The literature search time was from inception to June 2024.Chinese search terms were"intervertebral disc degeneration,antioxidants,oxidative stress,signaling pathways."English search terms were"antioxidants,oxidative stresses,oxidative DNA damage,intervertebral disc degenerations,degenerative disc disease*,disc degeneration*,signal pathway."Finally,92 articles that met the criteria were selected for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Antioxidants have multiple roles in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration,including reducing oxidative stress,inhibiting inflammatory responses,promoting autophagy,inhibiting apoptosis,and protecting the extracellular matrix.Through the combined effect of multiple pathways,antioxidants are expected to become an important means in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.(2)The nano-hydrogel system can quickly and stably target the delivery of antioxidants to the inside of the intervertebral disc and improve the bioavailability of antioxidants.Therefore,the development of new antioxidants and antioxidant combination treatment strategies carried by nano-hydrogel systems will be the focus of future research.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of irinotecan combined with capecitabine or tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium in the second-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. Methods The clinical data of 19 patients with advanced colorectal cancer who were admitted to the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College from October 2014 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, and these patients failed the first-line chemotherapy regimen. All patients were treated with irinotecan plus capecitabine or tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium. The patient's short-term efficacy, adverse reactions, progression-free survival, and overall survival were analyzed. Results After treatment, the efficacy in 18 of the 19 patients with advanced colorectal cancer was evaluable, including partial remission in 3 patients, stable disease in 13 patients, and disease progression in 2 patients. The objective remission rate was 16.7％ (3/18), the disease control rate was 88.9％ (16/18), the median progression-free survival time was 7.6 months, and the median overall survival time was 23.3 months. All of the patients were well tolerated , and the grade 4 adverse reaction was presented as grade 4 neutropenia (1 case), grade 3 leukopenia (2 cases) and thrombocytopenia (1 case), grade 2 diarrhea (1 case), and grade 1 diarrhea (3 cases), and grade 1-2 liver injury (3 cases) and nephrotoxicity (2 cases). Conclusion Irinotecan combined with capecitabine or tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer is effective and safe, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To analysis the changes of serum adiponectin level in patients with breast cancer and its clinical signifi‐cance .Methods 35 cases of serum adiponectin levels in breast cancer patients using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay ,and 35 healthy serum adiponectin level in peripheral blood of women ,analysis of significance of changes of serum adiponectin levels in breast cancer patients .Results Average serum adiponectin level in patients with breast cancer group(6 .13 ± 1 .55)μg/mL ,health group average serum adiponectin levels (8 .72 ± 1 .86)μg/mL ,the difference was statistically significant(P<0 .05) .Postmenopausal women in breast cancer group and health group compared with premenopausal women ,the serum adiponectin levels were signifi‐cantly increased ,there was a statistically significant difference(P<0 .05) .Lymph node metastasis of breast cancer serum adiponec‐tin levels were significantly lower in patients without lymph node metastasis in patients with breast cancer ,the difference was statis‐tically significant(P<0 .05) .Serum adiponectin level in breast cancer patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly lower than breast cancer patients with stage Ⅰ ,there was a statistically significant difference(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Serum adiponectin levels as an important marker in the diagnosis of breast cancer ,serum adiponectin level and grade of the tumor ,lymph node metastases . Significantly reduced serum adiponectin level in patients with breast cancer ,and not under the influence of patients with menopause .

OBJECTIVETyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been reported to be effective in the treatment of esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers. The aim of this study was to detect the frequency of EGFR mutation and expression in Chinese patients with esophageal, esophagogastric junction and gastric cancers, and to clarify the value of EGFR mutation and expression in predicting the efficacy of TKI in the treatment of these tumors.

METHODSIn this study, 180 tumor samples with histologically confirmed esophageal cancer (39 cases), cancer of the esophagogastric junction (92 cases) and gastric cancer (49 cases) were collected. Twenty-nine different EGFR mutations in exons 18-21 were assessed by real-time PCR-optimized oligonucleotide probe method. EGFR protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 89 tumor samples.

RESULTSThe mutation analysis for EGFR (exons 18-21) showed no mutations in any of the hotspots of the gene in the 180 tumor samples analyzed. EGFR expression was negative in 12 tumor samples, 1+ in 31 tumor samples, 2+ in 24 tumor samples, and 3+ in 22 tumor samples. EGFR expression was 2+ or 3+ in 12 (92.3%) of the 13 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, 29 (47.5%) of the 61 esophagogastric junction cancers, and 5 (33.3%) of the 15 gastric adenocarcinomas.

CONCLUSIONSOur results indicate that EGFR mutation in exons 18-21 is absent in the examined samples of esophageal, esophagogastric junction and gastric cancers. More studies are warranted to explore the predictive biological markers for the therapeutic response to EGFR TKI.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Esophagogastric Junction ; metabolism ; pathology ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Objective Tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( TKIs) of the epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) have been reported to be effective in the treatment of esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers.The aim of this study was to detect the frequency of EGFR mutation and expression in Chinese patients with esophageal , esophagogastric junction and gastric cancers , and to clarify the value of EGFR mutation and expression in predicting the efficacy of TKI in the treatment of these tumors .Methods In this study, 180 tumor samples with histologically confirmed esophageal cancer (39 cases), cancer of the esophagogastric junction ( 92 cases ) and gastric cancer ( 49 cases ) were collected .Twenty-nine different EGFR mutations in exons 18-21 were assessed by real-time PCR-optimized oligonucleotide probe method. EGFR protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry ( IHC) in 89 tumor samples.Results The mutation analysis for EGFR ( exons 18-21) showed no mutations in any of the hotspots of the gene in the 180 tumor samples analyzed .EGFR expression was negative in 12 tumor samples, 1+in 31 tumor samples, 2+in 24 tumor samples,and 3+in 22 tumor samples.EGFR expression was 2+or 3+in 12 (92.3%)of the 13 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas , 29 (47.5%) of the 61 esophagogastric junction cancers , and 5 (33.3%) of the 15 gastric adenocarcinomas .Conclusions Our results indicate that EGFR mutation in exons 18-21 is absent in the examined samples of esophageal , esophagogastric junction and gastric cancers . More studies are warranted to explore the predictive biological markers for the therapeutic response to EGFR TKI.

Objective Tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( TKIs) of the epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) have been reported to be effective in the treatment of esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers.The aim of this study was to detect the frequency of EGFR mutation and expression in Chinese patients with esophageal , esophagogastric junction and gastric cancers , and to clarify the value of EGFR mutation and expression in predicting the efficacy of TKI in the treatment of these tumors .Methods In this study, 180 tumor samples with histologically confirmed esophageal cancer (39 cases), cancer of the esophagogastric junction ( 92 cases ) and gastric cancer ( 49 cases ) were collected .Twenty-nine different EGFR mutations in exons 18-21 were assessed by real-time PCR-optimized oligonucleotide probe method. EGFR protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry ( IHC) in 89 tumor samples.Results The mutation analysis for EGFR ( exons 18-21) showed no mutations in any of the hotspots of the gene in the 180 tumor samples analyzed .EGFR expression was negative in 12 tumor samples, 1+in 31 tumor samples, 2+in 24 tumor samples,and 3+in 22 tumor samples.EGFR expression was 2+or 3+in 12 (92.3%)of the 13 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas , 29 (47.5%) of the 61 esophagogastric junction cancers , and 5 (33.3%) of the 15 gastric adenocarcinomas .Conclusions Our results indicate that EGFR mutation in exons 18-21 is absent in the examined samples of esophageal , esophagogastric junction and gastric cancers . More studies are warranted to explore the predictive biological markers for the therapeutic response to EGFR TKI.