AIM: To observe the changes in macular thickness after phacoemulsification in cataract patients with asymptomatic epiretinal membrane.METHODS: This was a prospective study. Clinical data of cataract patients with asymptomatic epiretinal membrane treated in the hospital from August 2023 to August 2025 were collected. Patients were followed up for 3 mo postoperatively. Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central foveal thickness(CFT), and macular thickness in the central 3 mm area were compared before and after surgery.RESULTS:A total of 87 patients(90 eyes)with cataract and asymptomatic epiretinal membrane were enrolled. One patient(1 eye)was lost to follow-up at 1 mo postoperatively, with a loss rate of 1%. Among the 86 patients(89 eyes)who completed the follow-up, there were 38 males and 48 females, with a mean age of 76.51±5.23 y. The mean axial length was 23.32±0.27 mm. Eighty-five eyes(95.5%)had nuclear hardness of grade Ⅲ or above. Preoperative CFT was 344.56±54.13 μm, and preoperative macular thickness in the central 3 mm area was 351.25±32.32 μm. At 1 wk, 1 and 3 mo postoperatively, BCVA improved compared with preoperative values(all P<0.05), while CFT and macular thickness in the central 3 mm area increased significantly(all P<0.05). At 1 wk postoperatively, pseudocystoid macular edema(PCME)occurred in one eye. After treatment with prednisolone acetate eye drops 4 times daily and bromfenac sodium eye drops 2 times daily for 2 mo, edema fully resolved, visual acuity recovered to the average postoperative level, and no metamorphopsia was observed.CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification is safe and effective for cataract patients with asymptomatic epiretinal membrane.

Objective:To analyze the results of polysomnography(PSG) in 523 children, and explore the sleep monitoring results and related influencing factors of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods:The PSG monitoring results of children with OSAHS and non-OSAHS were analyzed for children aging from 0 to 16 years old, who were monitored at Sleep Medicine Center of Gansu Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019.Results:A total of 523 children underwent PSG monitoring during the past 5 years.The male to female ratio was 1∶0.47, of which 66.9%(350/523)were children with OSAHS.The average proportion of rapid eye movement sleep was 1.95%(7.7/394). The height of non-OSAHS group was significantly higher than that of OSAHS group[(108.72±16.39)cm vs.(104.80±16.60)cm, P=0.016]. The incidence of OSAHS decreased with age( P=0.038). The apnea index, hypopnea index, apnea hypopnea index, obstructive apnea index, microarousal index, oxygen desaturation index, mean apnea time, and longest apnea time in the OSAHS group were higher than those in the non-OSAHS group( P<0.05). And the lowest oxygen saturation and the mean oxygen saturation during sleep were lower than those in the non-OSAHS group( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis on the clinical data of OSAHS children showed that open mouth breathing and snoring at night had significant effects on children′s OSAHS, and the differences were statistically significant( P<0.05). Conclusion:PSG is of great significance for the diagnosis of OSAHS.The more severe the degree of OSAHS, the worse severe the night sleep hypoxemia.PSG should be recommended before taking any treatment for children with sleep disorders.

Objective To analyze the cognitive changes and influencing factors in patients with lacunar cerebral infarction after carotid artery intervention therapy. Methods Sixty lacunar cerebral infarction combined with carotid stenosis patients treated with artery intervention therapy (intervention therapy group) and 68 lacunar cerebral infarction without carotid stenosis patients treated with drug therapy (drug therapy group) were selected. The neuropsychological test was completed at entry and 1, 6, 12 months after entry, and the results were compared with 60 healthy controls (control group). The cognitive changes were observed. The neuropsychological test included mini mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA) and cognitive field test. Results There were statistical differences in other scores except the Stroop test C section and Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS-RC) picture arrangement subtest at entry in intervention therapy group and drug therapy group compared with control group (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in the all scores at entry between drug therapy group and intervention therapy group (P>0.05). In intervention therapy group, the MMSE scores, MoCA total score, Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test (ROCFT), auditory verb learning test (AVLT), and the WAIS-RC picture arrangement subtest, verbal fluency test, WAIS-RC digit span backwards subtest of performing function 12 months after entry were significantly better than those at entry, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). MMSE score, MoCA total score, long-time delayed recall of ROCFT, the immediate recall, long-time delayed recall and short delayed recall of AVLT, semantic category fluency test of performing function and digit span backwards subtest of WAIS-RC 6 months after entry were significantly better than those at entry:(27.8 ± 2.2) scores vs. (26.4 ± 1.9) scores, (20.7 ± 2.3) scores vs. (19.3 ± 2.0) scores, (12.4 ± 3.2) scores vs. (10.8 ± 2.6) scores, (54.3 ± 10.6) scores vs. (49.9 ± 10.9) scores, (12.4 ± 2.0) scores vs. (11.2 ± 2.8) scores, (12.9 ± 2.0) scores vs. (10.6 ± 2.6) scores, (17.5 ± 4.0) scores vs. (15.4 ± 3.4) scores and (4.0 ± 0.9) scores vs. (3.5 ± 0.9) scores, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). In drug therapy group, there were no statistical differences in the all scores 1 and 6 months after entry, compared with that at entry (P>0.05);the MMSE score, MoCA total score, ROCFT, the immediate recall, long-time delayed recall and short delayed recall of AVLT, WAIS-RC picture arrangement subtest, verbal fluency test, WAIS-RC digit span backwards subtest of performing function and digit span backwards subtest of WAIS-RC 12 months after entry were significantly better than those at entry, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in all scores 12 months after entry between intervention therapy group and drug therapy group (P>0.05). In patients intervention therapy group, Logistic regression analysis showed that the MoCA score was related with age, hypertension and low education level (P<0.01 or<0.05), but was not related with smoking, diabetes and interventional treatment (P>0.05). Conclusions Cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar cerebral infarction and carotid stenosis is severe and extensive, but most cognition disorders can improve to normal level 12 months after artery intervention therapy.