MRGPRX2 antagonists possess the potential for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria. Previously, we identified a class of diaryl urea (DPU) MRGPRX2 antagonists with sub-micromolar IC₅₀ values in vitro. However, the structure-activity relationship remains unclear. Herein, we adopted a "relative symmetry with electronegativity of different key-groups" strategy for further modification of DPUs to achieve a promising MRGPRX2 antagonist with higher activity and safety. Electrostatic potential energy analysis and biological evaluation revealed that B-1023 and B-5023, that possess relatively symmetric electron-withdrawing substituents, remarkable inhibited mast cell degranulation at a sub-micromolar IC₅₀ in vitro and alleviated anaphylactic symptoms. Furthermore, B-1023, mitigated antigen-induced pulmonary inflammation (AIPI) in mice and competitively bonded to MRGPRX2. In summary, the "relative symmetry with electronegativity of different key-groups" strategy provided a drug design pattern for MRGPRX2 antagonists and identified promising antiallergic precursors for AIPI treatment.

Congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face (CIL-F) represents a rare lipomatous lesion, as evidenced by a case admitted to the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University in August 2023. The patient, a 7-year-old male, presented with diffuse enlargement of the right middle and lower face and a forehead mass since birth. Imaging assessments including CT scan with three dimensional reconstruction and MRI revealed infiltrative fatty growth in the right middle and lower face, abnormal subcutaneous fat hyperplasia in the forehead, and asymmetric abnormal hyperplasia of the right mandible. Following surgical resection, genetic testing of the excised tissue identified a mutation of the PIK3CA gene. Remarkably, the patient demonstrated satisfactory recovery six months post-surgery. Given its rarity in clinic, this case offers valuable clinical insights for managing similar disease.

As a conventional surgical procedure for repairing skull defect areas using autologous or artificial materials, postoperative complications of cranioplasty remain a clinical challenge that needs to be addressed. Implant exposure is a common and severe complication not only may lead to surgical failure but also exhibits significant individual variations in clinical manifestations. Treatment method must be selected based on specific conditions, and the issue of whether to retain or remove the repair material still remains a subject of academic controversy. This article mainly summarized the characteristics, causes, retention of exposed repair materials and treatment method reported in recent years, aiming to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

The nervous system not only affects the core processes of tumors such as proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis, but is also closely related to symptoms such as tumor-related pain and cachexia. Meanwhile, tumor cells can invade adjacent tissues through nerve pathways to induce perineural invasion, which promotes tumor development. This article reviews the research progress in role of the nervous system in tumor occurrence and development from perspectives of tumor perineural invasion, neurotrophic factors, autonomic and sensory nerves, and influence of the neuroimmune system in tumors, in order to provide new perspective and method for tumor treatment.

To analyze the ethnic differences in the genotype distribution of thalassemia between the Han and Li ethnic groups in the Qiongnan region (southern Hainan). A cross-sectional study employing a stratified multistage sampling method was conducted from January 2019 to December 2023. A total of 4 493 high-risk individuals (2 734 Han and 1 759 Li) from southern Hainan (including Sanya, Ledong, Baoting, Lingshui, and other counties) underwent thalassemia genetic testing. The genotype distribution was statistically analyzed. Inter-group comparisons were performed using χ2 test or Fisher′s exact test. The results showed an overall thalassemia positivity rate of 66.70% (2 997/4 493), with carrier, intermediate and major thalassemia rates of 62.01% (2 786/4 493), 3.98% (179/4 493) and 0.71% (32/4 493), respectively. The positivity rates for thalassemia were 87.83% (1 545/1 759) in the Li ethnic group and 53.11% (1 452/2 734) in the Han ethnic group. Among them, the Li ethnic group exhibited significantly higher positivity rates for α-thalassemia (71.12% vs. 40.64%, χ2=398.90, P<0.001) and α/β-compound thalassemia (13.36% vs. 3.33%, χ2=160.06, P<0.001) compared to the Han ethnic group, whereas the Han ethnic group had a higher β-thalassemia rate (9.14% vs. 3.35%, χ2=56.03, P<0.001). Both ethnic groups shared common α-thalassemia alleles (-α 3.7 and -α 4.2), but the -- SEA allele proportion was significantly higher in Han (21.33% vs. 4.34%, χ2=231.45, P<0.001). Six rare -α 21.9 mutations (0.26%) were exclusively identified in the Li ethnic group, whereas none were found in Han. For β-thalassemia, the β CD41-42 allele was predominant in Li (96.60% vs. 71.01%, χ2=77.24, P<0.001), whereas other alleles (β IVS-II-654, β CD71-72, β CD17, and β -28) were more prevalent in Han (11.01%, 6.96%, 4.64%, and 3.19% vs. 1.54%, 0.00%, 0.31%, and 0.62%, respectively),all P<0.05. In conclusion, distinct ethnic disparities in thalassemia genotype distribution are observed in southern Hainan. The Li ethnic group is predominantly characterized by α-thalassemia and α/β-compound genotypes with a predominant β CD41-42 mutation. In contrast, the Han ethnic group displays higher -- SEA proportion and heterogeneous β-thalassemia genotypes.

Objective:To investigate the completion rate of tumor evaluation at initial assessment and after neoadjuvant therapy for mid and low rectal cancer patients in the national multicenter real-world database.Methods:The prospective real-world study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 1 074 patients who underwent surgical treatment for mid and low rectal cancer in 47 national medical institutions, including Peking Union Medical College Hospital et al, from May 12,2023 to May 11,2024 were collected. Observation indicators: (1) clinical characteristics of patients with mid and low rectal cancer; (2) initial colonoscopy and pathologic evaluation of tumors in patients with mid and low rectal cancer; (3) initial imaging evaluation of patients with mid and low rectal cancer; (4) imaging evaluation after neoadjuvant therapy for patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3). Count data were described as absoluter numbers and/or percentages. Results:(1) Clinical characteristics of patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 1 074 patients, there were 713 males and 361 females, aged 63(56,70)years. The body mass index of 1 074 patients was 24(21,26)kg/m 2.For American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, there were 147 cases of stage Ⅰ, 641 cases of stage Ⅱ, 157 cases of stage Ⅲ, 2 cases of stage Ⅳ, and there were 127 cases missing data. (2) Initial colonoscopy and pathologic evaluation of tumors in patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 1 074 patients, there were 787 cases (73.28%) undergoing complete colonoscopy, and there were only 197 cases (18.34%) undergoing immunohistochemical evaluation of all four mismatch repair proteins. (3) Initial imaging evaluation of patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 1 074 patients, there were 842(78.40%) patients completing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound evaluation, and there were 914(85.10%) patients completing chest, abdomen, and pelvis enhanced computed tomography (CT) evaluation. In the 149 patients completing rectal ultrasound evaluation, there were 122 cases (81.88%) comple-ting T staging evaluation, and there were 81 cases (54.36%) completing N staging evaluation. In the 808 patients completing rectal MRI evaluation, there were 708 cases (87.62%) completing T staging evaluation, and there were 590 cases (73.02%) completing N staging evaluation. (4) Imaging evalua-tion after neoadjuvant therapy for patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 388 patients with neoadjuvant therapy, there were 332 patients (85.57%) completing MRI or ultrasound evaluation, and there were 327 patients (84.28%) completing chest, abdomen, and pelvis enhanced CT evalua-tion. In the 70 patients completing rectal ultrasound evaluation, there were 65 cases (92.86%) com-pleting T staging evaluation, and there were 49 cases (70.00%) completing N staging evaluation. In the 327 patients completing rectal MRI evaluation, there were 246 cases (75.23%) completing T staging, and there were 228 cases (69.72%) completing N staging evaluation. Conclusion:The com-pletion rate of tumor imaging evaluation at initial assessment and after neoadjuvant therapy for mid and low rectal cancer patients on a national scale is relatively good.

To analyze the ethnic differences in the genotype distribution of thalassemia between the Han and Li ethnic groups in the Qiongnan region (southern Hainan). A cross-sectional study employing a stratified multistage sampling method was conducted from January 2019 to December 2023. A total of 4 493 high-risk individuals (2 734 Han and 1 759 Li) from southern Hainan (including Sanya, Ledong, Baoting, Lingshui, and other counties) underwent thalassemia genetic testing. The genotype distribution was statistically analyzed. Inter-group comparisons were performed using χ2 test or Fisher′s exact test. The results showed an overall thalassemia positivity rate of 66.70% (2 997/4 493), with carrier, intermediate and major thalassemia rates of 62.01% (2 786/4 493), 3.98% (179/4 493) and 0.71% (32/4 493), respectively. The positivity rates for thalassemia were 87.83% (1 545/1 759) in the Li ethnic group and 53.11% (1 452/2 734) in the Han ethnic group. Among them, the Li ethnic group exhibited significantly higher positivity rates for α-thalassemia (71.12% vs. 40.64%, χ2=398.90, P<0.001) and α/β-compound thalassemia (13.36% vs. 3.33%, χ2=160.06, P<0.001) compared to the Han ethnic group, whereas the Han ethnic group had a higher β-thalassemia rate (9.14% vs. 3.35%, χ2=56.03, P<0.001). Both ethnic groups shared common α-thalassemia alleles (-α 3.7 and -α 4.2), but the -- SEA allele proportion was significantly higher in Han (21.33% vs. 4.34%, χ2=231.45, P<0.001). Six rare -α 21.9 mutations (0.26%) were exclusively identified in the Li ethnic group, whereas none were found in Han. For β-thalassemia, the β CD41-42 allele was predominant in Li (96.60% vs. 71.01%, χ2=77.24, P<0.001), whereas other alleles (β IVS-II-654, β CD71-72, β CD17, and β -28) were more prevalent in Han (11.01%, 6.96%, 4.64%, and 3.19% vs. 1.54%, 0.00%, 0.31%, and 0.62%, respectively),all P<0.05. In conclusion, distinct ethnic disparities in thalassemia genotype distribution are observed in southern Hainan. The Li ethnic group is predominantly characterized by α-thalassemia and α/β-compound genotypes with a predominant β CD41-42 mutation. In contrast, the Han ethnic group displays higher -- SEA proportion and heterogeneous β-thalassemia genotypes.

Objective:To investigate the completion rate of tumor evaluation at initial assessment and after neoadjuvant therapy for mid and low rectal cancer patients in the national multicenter real-world database.Methods:The prospective real-world study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 1 074 patients who underwent surgical treatment for mid and low rectal cancer in 47 national medical institutions, including Peking Union Medical College Hospital et al, from May 12,2023 to May 11,2024 were collected. Observation indicators: (1) clinical characteristics of patients with mid and low rectal cancer; (2) initial colonoscopy and pathologic evaluation of tumors in patients with mid and low rectal cancer; (3) initial imaging evaluation of patients with mid and low rectal cancer; (4) imaging evaluation after neoadjuvant therapy for patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3). Count data were described as absoluter numbers and/or percentages. Results:(1) Clinical characteristics of patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 1 074 patients, there were 713 males and 361 females, aged 63(56,70)years. The body mass index of 1 074 patients was 24(21,26)kg/m 2.For American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, there were 147 cases of stage Ⅰ, 641 cases of stage Ⅱ, 157 cases of stage Ⅲ, 2 cases of stage Ⅳ, and there were 127 cases missing data. (2) Initial colonoscopy and pathologic evaluation of tumors in patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 1 074 patients, there were 787 cases (73.28%) undergoing complete colonoscopy, and there were only 197 cases (18.34%) undergoing immunohistochemical evaluation of all four mismatch repair proteins. (3) Initial imaging evaluation of patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 1 074 patients, there were 842(78.40%) patients completing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound evaluation, and there were 914(85.10%) patients completing chest, abdomen, and pelvis enhanced computed tomography (CT) evaluation. In the 149 patients completing rectal ultrasound evaluation, there were 122 cases (81.88%) comple-ting T staging evaluation, and there were 81 cases (54.36%) completing N staging evaluation. In the 808 patients completing rectal MRI evaluation, there were 708 cases (87.62%) completing T staging evaluation, and there were 590 cases (73.02%) completing N staging evaluation. (4) Imaging evalua-tion after neoadjuvant therapy for patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 388 patients with neoadjuvant therapy, there were 332 patients (85.57%) completing MRI or ultrasound evaluation, and there were 327 patients (84.28%) completing chest, abdomen, and pelvis enhanced CT evalua-tion. In the 70 patients completing rectal ultrasound evaluation, there were 65 cases (92.86%) com-pleting T staging evaluation, and there were 49 cases (70.00%) completing N staging evaluation. In the 327 patients completing rectal MRI evaluation, there were 246 cases (75.23%) completing T staging, and there were 228 cases (69.72%) completing N staging evaluation. Conclusion:The com-pletion rate of tumor imaging evaluation at initial assessment and after neoadjuvant therapy for mid and low rectal cancer patients on a national scale is relatively good.

Congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face (CIL-F) represents a rare lipomatous lesion, as evidenced by a case admitted to the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University in August 2023. The patient, a 7-year-old male, presented with diffuse enlargement of the right middle and lower face and a forehead mass since birth. Imaging assessments including CT scan with three dimensional reconstruction and MRI revealed infiltrative fatty growth in the right middle and lower face, abnormal subcutaneous fat hyperplasia in the forehead, and asymmetric abnormal hyperplasia of the right mandible. Following surgical resection, genetic testing of the excised tissue identified a mutation of the PIK3CA gene. Remarkably, the patient demonstrated satisfactory recovery six months post-surgery. Given its rarity in clinic, this case offers valuable clinical insights for managing similar disease.

As a conventional surgical procedure for repairing skull defect areas using autologous or artificial materials, postoperative complications of cranioplasty remain a clinical challenge that needs to be addressed. Implant exposure is a common and severe complication not only may lead to surgical failure but also exhibits significant individual variations in clinical manifestations. Treatment method must be selected based on specific conditions, and the issue of whether to retain or remove the repair material still remains a subject of academic controversy. This article mainly summarized the characteristics, causes, retention of exposed repair materials and treatment method reported in recent years, aiming to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.