Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of standardized video teaching mode in cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)skill training.Methods A total of 357 freshmen from a senior high school in Hexi District,Tianjin,were selected as the research objects.The training mode combining standardized video teaching and on-site demonstration was adopted for CPR skill training.The training content included 4 modules:assessment and call for help,compression,breathing,and external defibrillation.The training process was as follows:standardized video learning(20 minutes),on-site demonstration(20 minutes),group practical training(60 minutes).A self-designed questionnaire assessed pre-and post-training knowledge and attitudes,practical skills,willingness to perform CPR,satisfaction and suggestions.Results Compared with before training,the average knowledge score increased significantly after training(12.22±1.51 vs.7.67±1.84,P<0.05),while there was no statistically significant difference in attitude scores between before and after training(9.18±1.33 vs.9.80±0.62,P>0.05).After training:95.5%(341/357)of students performed compressions satisfactorily,88.5%(316/357)performed breathing,99.7%(356/357)believed the course helpful for understanding CPR knowledge and skills,and all students thought the training was helpful for mastering CPR skills.When investigating students'willingness to perform CPR on different victims,the results showed that 97.2%(347/357)of students would perform CPR on relatives and friends,and 91.9%(328/357)were will to perform CPR on strangers.In the satisfaction survey,students expressed the highest satisfaction with the instructors at 89.6%,followed by satisfaction with the teaching content at 86.8%.Satisfaction with both teaching mode and teaching environment exceeds 80.0%.The survey on suggestions for skill training indicated that 93.3%(333/357)of students preferred to further improve CPR skill training in future sessions,and 85.7%(306/357)hoped to enhance CPR on-site practice and training.Conclusion A standardized video teaching mode can effectively improve the CPR knowledge level and operational skills,with high training satisfaction,which is worthy of popularization and application.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of standardized video teaching mode in cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)skill training.Methods A total of 357 freshmen from a senior high school in Hexi District,Tianjin,were selected as the research objects.The training mode combining standardized video teaching and on-site demonstration was adopted for CPR skill training.The training content included 4 modules:assessment and call for help,compression,breathing,and external defibrillation.The training process was as follows:standardized video learning(20 minutes),on-site demonstration(20 minutes),group practical training(60 minutes).A self-designed questionnaire assessed pre-and post-training knowledge and attitudes,practical skills,willingness to perform CPR,satisfaction and suggestions.Results Compared with before training,the average knowledge score increased significantly after training(12.22±1.51 vs.7.67±1.84,P<0.05),while there was no statistically significant difference in attitude scores between before and after training(9.18±1.33 vs.9.80±0.62,P>0.05).After training:95.5%(341/357)of students performed compressions satisfactorily,88.5%(316/357)performed breathing,99.7%(356/357)believed the course helpful for understanding CPR knowledge and skills,and all students thought the training was helpful for mastering CPR skills.When investigating students'willingness to perform CPR on different victims,the results showed that 97.2%(347/357)of students would perform CPR on relatives and friends,and 91.9%(328/357)were will to perform CPR on strangers.In the satisfaction survey,students expressed the highest satisfaction with the instructors at 89.6%,followed by satisfaction with the teaching content at 86.8%.Satisfaction with both teaching mode and teaching environment exceeds 80.0%.The survey on suggestions for skill training indicated that 93.3%(333/357)of students preferred to further improve CPR skill training in future sessions,and 85.7%(306/357)hoped to enhance CPR on-site practice and training.Conclusion A standardized video teaching mode can effectively improve the CPR knowledge level and operational skills,with high training satisfaction,which is worthy of popularization and application.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients′suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.

A 69-year-old male patient with peripheral T-cell lymphoma received chemotherapy with intravenous doxorubicin liposome. In the first chemotherapy cycle, no obvious adverse reactions appeared. In the second chemotherapy cycle, the patient developed transient muscle soreness during the IV infusion of doxorubicin liposome. In the third chemotherapy cycle, dexamethasone and chlorphenamine were given to prevent anaphylaxis before doxorubicin liposome treatment and the infusion rate was controlled in a standardized way. However, at about 20 minutes of infusion, the patient developed nausea and vomiting. The infusion of doxorubicin was stopped immediately and replaced by IV infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride injection 250 ml. Then the patient developed facial numbness, laryngeal pain, neck discomfort, and multiple parts of skin rash with pruritus. The electrocardiogram monitoring showed heart rate 130 times/min, blood pressure 80/50 mmHg, and oxygen saturation 0.98. The patient was given oxygen inhalation and in half-lying position following the doctor′s advice, but the patient developed dyspnea, hoarseness, and slurred speech 20 minutes later. Physical examination showed the patient′s tongue was hypertrophic, his neck was swollen and thickened. Acute laryngeal edema induced by doxorubicin liposome was considered. Intravenous injection of dexamethasone 10 mg, IV infusion of 10% calcium gluconate, and aerosol inhalation of budesonide inhalation aerosol were given immediately and about 3 hours later, the symptoms gradually improved. Two days later, the allergic symptoms disappeared.

A 69-year-old male patient with peripheral T-cell lymphoma received chemotherapy with intravenous doxorubicin liposome. In the first chemotherapy cycle, no obvious adverse reactions appeared. In the second chemotherapy cycle, the patient developed transient muscle soreness during the IV infusion of doxorubicin liposome. In the third chemotherapy cycle, dexamethasone and chlorphenamine were given to prevent anaphylaxis before doxorubicin liposome treatment and the infusion rate was controlled in a standardized way. However, at about 20 minutes of infusion, the patient developed nausea and vomiting. The infusion of doxorubicin was stopped immediately and replaced by IV infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride injection 250 ml. Then the patient developed facial numbness, laryngeal pain, neck discomfort, and multiple parts of skin rash with pruritus. The electrocardiogram monitoring showed heart rate 130 times/min, blood pressure 80/50 mmHg, and oxygen saturation 0.98. The patient was given oxygen inhalation and in half-lying position following the doctor′s advice, but the patient developed dyspnea, hoarseness, and slurred speech 20 minutes later. Physical examination showed the patient′s tongue was hypertrophic, his neck was swollen and thickened. Acute laryngeal edema induced by doxorubicin liposome was considered. Intravenous injection of dexamethasone 10 mg, IV infusion of 10% calcium gluconate, and aerosol inhalation of budesonide inhalation aerosol were given immediately and about 3 hours later, the symptoms gradually improved. Two days later, the allergic symptoms disappeared.

Objective To examine the application of On-Board Imaging (OBI) system-based image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) in the improvement of the precision of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods Ten patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with IMRT using the OBI system. The IGRT images after positioning, position adjustment, and treatment were observed and recorded to investigate the image difference between CT simulation and IGRT. Results The deviations in the x (lateral), y (cranial-caudal), and z (ventral-dorsal) directions between CT simulation and IGRT images were 0.22±1.00 mm,-0.37±1.28 mm, and 0.04±1.36 mm, respectively, after positioning, 0.29±0.76 mm,-0.04±0.78 mm, and -0.01±0.92 mm, respectively, after position adjustment, and 0.20±0.78 mm, 0.16±0.80 mm, and 0.05±0.92 mm, respectively, after treatment. The probabilities of a ≤1 mm deviation in the x, y, and z directions were 81.0%, 77.6%, and 88.2%, respectively, after positioning, 92.5%, 96.4%, and 96.4%, respectively, after position adjustment, and 91.7%, 94.9%, and 96.8%, respectively, after treatment. Conclusions The application of OBI system-based IGRT is very important in the improvement of the precision of fractionated IMRT for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The position of the patient should be adjusted based on the IGRT image after positioning in order to correct set-up error and effectively increase the precision of fractionated IMRT.

Objective To analyze pharmacologic action features of single Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of fatty liver based on literature; To provide references for clinical treatment of fatty liver.Methods Animal research literature about single Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of fatty liver in CNKI, Wanfang database, and VIP from January 2003 to December 2014 was retrieved by computers. The number of single Chinese herbal medicine and the pharmacologic action features of active ingredients (or extracts) were statistically concluded. Results A total of 279 articles were retrieved, including 67 kinds of single Chinese herbal medicine, among which 8 were used to treat AFLD, 45 were used to treat NAFLD, and 14 were used to treat AFLD and NAFLD simultaneously. Pharmacologic action features of the medicine for AFLD mainly included reducing lipid, protecting liver, antioxidation, and anti-inflammation. Pharmacologic action features of the medicine for NAFLD had the effects of improving insulin resistance additionally.Conclusion Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of AFLD and NAFLD shows significant efficacy, having the features of multiple pathways and liver damage resistance, which provide references for clinical treatment of fatty liver.

This study summarized the experiences of disease-specific performance appraisal at tertiary hospitals in Shanghai,which was launched since year 2013 by Shanghai Hospital Development Center (SHDC). 38 tertiary hospitals in Shanghai were included in the study. A disease-specific performance appraisal system centering on quality and performance, by means of case-mix model, classified surgery management and typical disease screening, and leveraging disease and surgery difficulties analysis, and inter-hospital performance appraisal of typical diseases. This reform has established appraisal criteria of disease difficulty management,coding criteria and data norms,guiding such hospitals to consolidate their functional positioning of focusing on difficult,urgent and complicated cases in the medical service delivery system.All these efforts have paved the way for the reforms to build a hierarchical medical service system, pricing per disease, payment per disease, and consolidate performance appraisal of medical workers.

Based on the Australian AR-DRGs, this research gathered the diagnosis related information on the first page of medical records and accomplished the computerization of data collection and analysis through the data-base of Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center.According to the clinical practices, the DRGs model has been adjusted to complete the localization and a severity-based-DRGs model and grouping tool have been established for the municipal hospitals in Shanghai.

The severity of disease can be used to evaluate the current situation of patients as well as to predict the diseases outcome.In the meantime, the severity among different diseases has been more and more applied in the evaluation of the patients at hospital level.This study collected and summarized different types of international disea-ses grouping tools'characteristics and applications based on the severity of disease, and their suitability and practical values in hospital performance evaluation were compared and analyzed.