Objective:To address the critical issue of missing dynamic border molding information in edentulous direct digital impression technology, this study explores innovative digital solutions and conducts preliminary application validation.Methods:Based on the myostatic line theory, a methodology was established: intraoral scanner (IOS) high-frequency video was utilized to dynamically capture functional molding data of soft tissues, integrated with a self-developed mobility gradient recognition algorithm to achieve dynamic threshold segmentation between the muscle dynamic zone and myostatic zone, termed "optical digital molding technology". Ten edentulous patients with well-fitting complete dentures, treated at the Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 2024 to December 2024, were enrolled. The standard deviation between the muscle static line (generated by mobility gradient algorithm with thresholds of 0.3-0.7 mm) and the denture border curve was analyzed to optimize the dynamic threshold, followed by single-case clinical validation.Results:Among the mobility thresholds of 0.3-0.7 mm, the 0.5 mm threshold yielded the smallest standard deviation between the myostatic line and denture border. Clinical validation demonstrated that dentures designed with this threshold exhibited no displacement during dynamic functional tests, with marginal sealing meeting clinical standards.Conclusions:The optical digital border molding technique for edentulous soft tissue boundaries translates the myostatic line theory into quantifiable parameters for the first time. Based on data from 10 cases, a mobility threshold of 0.5 mm is recommended for clinical application.

Objective:To address the critical issue of missing dynamic border molding information in edentulous direct digital impression technology, this study explores innovative digital solutions and conducts preliminary application validation.Methods:Based on the myostatic line theory, a methodology was established: intraoral scanner (IOS) high-frequency video was utilized to dynamically capture functional molding data of soft tissues, integrated with a self-developed mobility gradient recognition algorithm to achieve dynamic threshold segmentation between the muscle dynamic zone and myostatic zone, termed "optical digital molding technology". Ten edentulous patients with well-fitting complete dentures, treated at the Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 2024 to December 2024, were enrolled. The standard deviation between the muscle static line (generated by mobility gradient algorithm with thresholds of 0.3-0.7 mm) and the denture border curve was analyzed to optimize the dynamic threshold, followed by single-case clinical validation.Results:Among the mobility thresholds of 0.3-0.7 mm, the 0.5 mm threshold yielded the smallest standard deviation between the myostatic line and denture border. Clinical validation demonstrated that dentures designed with this threshold exhibited no displacement during dynamic functional tests, with marginal sealing meeting clinical standards.Conclusions:The optical digital border molding technique for edentulous soft tissue boundaries translates the myostatic line theory into quantifiable parameters for the first time. Based on data from 10 cases, a mobility threshold of 0.5 mm is recommended for clinical application.

Objective To explore the correlation between serum inflammatory indicators and short-term prognosis in patients with single-segment lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion(LDH)treated by transforaminal endoscopic discectomy(TELD).Methods From January 2015 to June 2022,137 patients with single-segment LDH received TELD treatment.The levels of serum inflammatory factors such as C-reactive protein(CRP),white blood cell count(WBC),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),and procalcitonin(PCT)of the patients before the operation and 3 days after the operation,as well as surgical data such as anesthesia methods,operation time,and blood loss were collected.The time for patients to resume work was collected,and the pain relief and functional recovery of the patients were evaluated by using the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)and the Oswestry Disability Index(ODI).Pearson or Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations between demographic characteristics,inflammatory indicators,surgical data and short-term prognosis.Results The average time for patients to return to work was(3.55±2.13)months.There were statistically significant differences in the pain and functional scores at each time point compared with those at the previous time point(P＜0.05).The CRP,WBC and PCT of the patients after the operation were significantly increased compared with those before the operation,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The levels of CRP and PCT in patients 3 days after surgery were significantly positively correlated with VAS 6 months after surgery.The duration of symptoms and the CRP level 3 days after surgery were significantly positively correlated with ODI 6 months after surgery.BMI was significantly positively correlated with the time to return to work(P＜0.05).Conclusion There is a certain correlation between the levels of serum inflammatory indicators in patients with single-segment LDH treated with TELD and the short-term prognosis.The increase of CRP and PCT 3 days after the operation may affect the rehabilitation process of the patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of spring ligament repair combined with subtalar arthroereisis (STA) and the Kidner procedure for treating children's flexible flatfoot with painful accessory navicular. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 45 children (45 feet) aged 7-14 years with flexible flatfoot and painful accessory navicular who met the selection criteria and were treated between February 2018 and May 2022. Among them, 23 cases (23 feet) were treated with spring ligament repair combined with STA and Kidner procedure (observation group), while 22 cases (22 feet) received STA with Kidner procedure alone (control group). Comparison of baseline data between the two groups including gender, age, affected side, preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, talonavicular coverage angle (TCA), talus-first metatarsal angle (T1MT), talus-second metatarsal angle (T2MT), talus first plantar angle (Meary angle), calcaneal inclination angle (Pitch angle) showed no significant differences ( P>0.05). The following parameters were recorded and compared between the two groups: operation time, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, hospital stay, time to full weight-bearing, and complication rates. Foot pain and functional recovery were assessed using the VAS score and AOFAS score preoperatively and at last follow-up. Radiographic measurements including TCA, T1MT, T2MT, Meary angle, and Pitch angle were analyzed by comparing preoperative to last follow-up values. RESULTS: Both groups of patients successfully completed the surgery without any procedure-related complications such as vascular, neural, or tendon injury. The operation time in the observation group was significantly longer than that in the control group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of intraoperative blood loss, incision length, hospital stay, or time to full weight-bearing ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up 23-47 months (mean, 33.7 months). In the control group, 1 patient experienced discomfort during walking, attributed to screw irritation in the sinus tarsi, which resolved after 2-3 months of rehabilitation. None of the remaining patients developed complications such as sinus tarsi screw loosening, peroneal tendon contracture, or wound infection. At last follow-up, the observation group showed significantly better improvements in radiographic parameters (TCA, T1MT, T2MT, Meary angle, Pitch angle) and greater reductions in VAS and AOFAS scores compared to the control group ( P<0.05). CONCLUSION The combined procedure of spring ligament repair, STA, and Kidner procedure for children's flexible flatfoot with painful accessory navicular demonstrates significant improvements in foot appearance, arch collapse correction, and pain relief. This technique offers technical simplicity, minimal intraoperative complications, and satisfactory clinical outcomes.
Humans ; Flatfoot/surgery* ; Child ; Retrospective Studies ; Adolescent ; Male ; Female ; Treatment Outcome ; Tarsal Bones/abnormalities* ; Subtalar Joint/surgery* ; Ligaments, Articular/surgery* ; Orthopedic Procedures/methods* ; Foot Diseases

OBJECTIVE To optimize the optimum processing technology of vinegar-processed Artemisiae Argyi Folium(AAF),and analyze the difference of index components and analgesic activity before and after processing.METHODS The method for the determination of total flavonoids and total terpenes in AAF was established with eupatilin and Santamarine as control substances,re-spectively.The HPLC-VWD method was established for the simultaneous determination of 6-Methoxytricin,Santamarine,eupatilin and Artemisolide in AAF.Box-Behnken design-response surface method was used to optimize the processing technology of vinegar-processed AAF,with the content of total flavonoids,total terpenes and four active ingredients as the index,and the amount of rice vin-egar,moistening time,processing temperature and processing time as the factors.The quantitative analysis was combined with hierar-chical cluster analysis(HCA),principal component analysis(PCA)and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)to evaluate the difference of index components before and after processing.The analgesic activity before and after processing was investigated using pain mice induced by formalin.RESULTS The optimum processing parameters of vinegar-processed AAF were 16%rice vinegar dosage,moistening time 50 min,processing temperature 160℃and processing time 12 min.There were significant differences in the content of index components before and after processing.The analgesic activity of vinegar-processed AAF was signifi-cantly better than that of AAF.CONCLUSION The optimized processing technology is stable and feasible,which can provide scien-tific basis for standardizing production of vinegar-processed AAF.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the optimum processing technology of vinegar-processed Artemisiae Argyi Folium(AAF),and analyze the difference of index components and analgesic activity before and after processing.METHODS The method for the determination of total flavonoids and total terpenes in AAF was established with eupatilin and Santamarine as control substances,re-spectively.The HPLC-VWD method was established for the simultaneous determination of 6-Methoxytricin,Santamarine,eupatilin and Artemisolide in AAF.Box-Behnken design-response surface method was used to optimize the processing technology of vinegar-processed AAF,with the content of total flavonoids,total terpenes and four active ingredients as the index,and the amount of rice vin-egar,moistening time,processing temperature and processing time as the factors.The quantitative analysis was combined with hierar-chical cluster analysis(HCA),principal component analysis(PCA)and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)to evaluate the difference of index components before and after processing.The analgesic activity before and after processing was investigated using pain mice induced by formalin.RESULTS The optimum processing parameters of vinegar-processed AAF were 16%rice vinegar dosage,moistening time 50 min,processing temperature 160℃and processing time 12 min.There were significant differences in the content of index components before and after processing.The analgesic activity of vinegar-processed AAF was signifi-cantly better than that of AAF.CONCLUSION The optimized processing technology is stable and feasible,which can provide scien-tific basis for standardizing production of vinegar-processed AAF.

Objective To explore the correlation between serum inflammatory indicators and short-term prognosis in patients with single-segment lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion(LDH)treated by transforaminal endoscopic discectomy(TELD).Methods From January 2015 to June 2022,137 patients with single-segment LDH received TELD treatment.The levels of serum inflammatory factors such as C-reactive protein(CRP),white blood cell count(WBC),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),and procalcitonin(PCT)of the patients before the operation and 3 days after the operation,as well as surgical data such as anesthesia methods,operation time,and blood loss were collected.The time for patients to resume work was collected,and the pain relief and functional recovery of the patients were evaluated by using the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)and the Oswestry Disability Index(ODI).Pearson or Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations between demographic characteristics,inflammatory indicators,surgical data and short-term prognosis.Results The average time for patients to return to work was(3.55±2.13)months.There were statistically significant differences in the pain and functional scores at each time point compared with those at the previous time point(P＜0.05).The CRP,WBC and PCT of the patients after the operation were significantly increased compared with those before the operation,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The levels of CRP and PCT in patients 3 days after surgery were significantly positively correlated with VAS 6 months after surgery.The duration of symptoms and the CRP level 3 days after surgery were significantly positively correlated with ODI 6 months after surgery.BMI was significantly positively correlated with the time to return to work(P＜0.05).Conclusion There is a certain correlation between the levels of serum inflammatory indicators in patients with single-segment LDH treated with TELD and the short-term prognosis.The increase of CRP and PCT 3 days after the operation may affect the rehabilitation process of the patients.

In fixed prosthodontics, clear exposure of the preparation margin is the prerequisite for obtaining accurate digital impressions and improving the marginal fit of restorations. To resolve the issues associated with the cord retraction technique, such as pain, acute injury, and prolonged procedural time, this study proposes a new technology for intraoral digital impression taking with pneumatic gingival retraction. The new scanning head blows a high-speed airflow that instantaneously separates the free gingiva, locally exposing the subgingival preparation margin. Combined with the farthest point preservation stitching algorithm based on the distance from the normal vector and high-speed laser scanning photography, it achieves global preparation edge data and gingival reconstruction, realizing painless, non-invasive, and efficient precise acquisition of the preparation margin. Using this new technique, a patient with a full porcelain crown restoration on a posterior tooth was treated. The digital impression revealed a clear margin of the preparation, and the crown made from this data has a good marginal fit.

The variable domain of heavy-chain antibody (VHH) has been developed widely in drug therapy, diagnosis, and research. Escherichia coli is the most popular expression system for VHH production, whereas low bioactivity occurs sometimes. Mammalian cells are one of the most ideal hosts for VHH expression at present. To improve the yield of VHH in Expi293F cells, we optimized the signal peptide (SP) and codons of VHH. Firstly, the fusion protein VHH1-Fc was used to screen SPs. The SP IFN-α2 showed the highest secretion as quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Subsequently, codon optimization by improving GC3 and GC content doubled the yield of VHH1 and kept its binding activity to Senecavirus A (SVA). Finally, the mean yields of other 5 VHHs that fused with SP IFN-α2 and codon-optimized were over 191.6 mg/L, and these VHHs had high recovery and high purity in the culture supernatant. This study confirms that SP IFN-α2 and codon optimization could produce VHHs in Expi293F cells efficiently, which provides a reference for the large-scale production of VHHs.
Codon/genetics* ; Protein Sorting Signals/genetics* ; Escherichia coli/metabolism* ; Humans ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis* ; Interferon-alpha/metabolism* ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/immunology* ; Cell Line ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/immunology*

Objective A simulation study was conducted to explore the effect and performance of g-computation-based joint mixed-effects model(JMM)on causal inference for controlling unmeasured confounders in longitudinal studies.Methods Longitudinal data including baseline and two follow-up visits were generated by computer simulations.The simulation scenarios included different sample sizes,the presence or absence of unmeasured confounders,and effects of unmeasured confounders.Causal effects were estimated using g-computation-based JMM,linear mixed-effects model,fixed effects model,and longitudinal target maximum likelihood estimation,respectively.Indicators including mean absolute deviation(MAD),standard error,root mean square error(RMSE),and 95%confidence interval coverage(95%CI coverage)were used to evaluate and compare the causal inference performance.Based on the physical examination cohort data of the menopausal women,four models were used to estimate the causal association between serum follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)levels and lumbar bone density in menopausal women respectively,verifying the causal inference performance of models in the real longitudinal data.Results JMM had a better accuracy of causal inference with controlling unmeasured confounders.But its estimation stability was slightly worse.When strong unmeasured confounders existed,only JMM can accurately estimate the causal effect,and its precision and authenticity were better in scenarios with large sample sizes.Conclusion JMM can effectively control the unmeasured confounders and perform approximately unbiased causal estimation in longitudinal studies.