A retrospective investigation was conducted to analyze the occupational exposure history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, imaging findings, and diagnosis and treatment of two cases of sequential latent occupational acute organotin poisoning. Both patients were successively employed in the same enterprise, engaged in crushing of waste polyvinyl chloride plastics, and thus potentially exposed to organotin hazards. Within several days of employment, both patients developed discomfort symptoms, and central nervous system impairment was observed, including short-term memory loss, slow response, and cognitive dysfunction. Hypokalemia was detected in both cases. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed abnormalities (multiple ischemic lesions in the bilateral frontal and parietal lobes), and urinary tin was positive. Symptoms relieved in both patients after treatments with tin-exclusion, potassium supplementation, and neurotrophic treatment. Based on the GBZ 26-2007 Diagnostic Criteria of Occupational Acute Trialkyltin Poisoning, and combined with worksite survey of occupational health and exclusion of cerebrovascular disease, viral encephalitis, and autoimmune encephalitis and other neurological disorders, both patients were diagnosed with mild occupational acute trialkyltin poisoning. Sequential latent occupational acute organotin poisoning is prone to misdiagnosis, with great difficulty in etiological identification. Comprehensive assessment of occupational exposure history and biomarker testing are essential for differential diagnosis. Early recognition and intervention improve prognosis, highlighting the need for strengthened occupational health supervision and protection in high-risk work posts.

ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors of occupational hand-arm vibration disease (OHAVD) caused by handheld workpiece polishing. Methods A total of 222 OHAVD patients (case group), 275 hand-transmitted vibration-exposed workers (exposed group) and 243 healthy workers without hand-transmitted vibration exposure (control group) in a sports equipment manufacturing enterprise were selected as the study subjects using the convenience sampling method. Worksite survey of occupational health was conducted on these three groups, and the human vibration measurement equipment was used to measure the vibration exposure level of handheld vibration among the study subjects. The 8-hour energy equivalent frequency-weighted vibrating acceleration ［A(8)］ and cumulative vibration exposure level (CVEL) were calculated. Results The prevalence of coldness, numbness, tingling fingers, and vibration-induced white finger was higher in the exposed group and the case group compared with the control group (all P<0.05). The prevalence of the above-mentioned hand symptoms was higher in the case group compared with the exposed group (all P<0.05). The A(8) and CVEL levels of the study subjects in the case group were higher than those in the exposed group (all P<0.05). Binary logistic analysis result showed that age and CVEL were both influencing factors of OHAVD (all P<0.05). According to the restricted cubic spline models, CVEL of the study subjects in the exposed group had a positive nonlinear dose-response relationship with the risk of OHAVD (overall trend P<0.01, nonlinear P<0.01), indicating an increasing risk of OHAVD with increasing CVEL. Conclusion Hand-transmitted vibration exposure is a risk factor for OHAVD. Early intervention should be carried out for hand-transmitted vibration-exposed individuals to reduce vibration-exposed levels and control vibration exposure time.

ObjectiveTo analyze the spectrum distribution characteristics of high-intensity productive noise in key industries in Guangdong Province. Methods A total of 2 806 enterprises in 21 prefecture-level cities in Guangdong Province were selected as the study subjects using the stratified sampling method. On-site investigations were conducted in workplaces. Noise in workplaces and work-sites, and the noise spectrum of the workplaces with sound pressure level ≥85.0 dB(A) were detected. Results The noise of a total of 23 076 workplaces and 20 969 work sites from 30 key industries were monitored. The median (M) and 25th and 75th percentiles (P₂₅, P₇₅) of workplace sound pressure level were 82.3 (78.6, 86.5) dB(A). The rate of the noise exceeded national standard was 30.4%. The sound pressure level M (P₂₅, P₇₅) of work-site was 78.6 (70.0, 83.5) dB(A). The rate of the noise exceeded national standard was 18.0%. Workplace noise and work site noise were positively correlated (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.86, P<0.01). The rate of the noise exceeded national standard was 46.5% in key work sites where the rate of noise exceeded the national standard was ≥25.0%, and corresponding rate of the workplace noise exceeded national standard was 58.1%. The noise spectrum result of 5 636 workplaces sound pressure level>85.0 dB(A) showed that most of the noise source was from grinding machines (441 cases), and the highest average sound pressure level of noise source was from screening machines [93.0 dB(A)]. Cluster analysis results showed that the main noise sources could be divided into three categories, including wideband noise with levels >80.0 dB in all frequency bands except 8 000.0 Hz, medium-high-frequency noise with the highest sound pressure level at 1 000.0, 2 000.0, and 4 000.0 Hz and low frequencies <75.0 dB, and medium-low-frequency noise below 500.0 Hz with sound pressure level >85.0 dB. Conclusion The rate of the noise exceeded national standard in workplace of key industries in Guangdong Province is high, involving a wide range of industries, with high sound pressure levels and obvious spectrum characteristics of corresponding noise sources. Corresponding noise control strategies can be formulated based on different spectrum characteristics and magnitudes.

To revise GBZ 188 Technical Specification for Occupational Health Surveillance based on national laws, regulations, standards, specifications and legal documents of occupational disease, and combination with the actual situation in China. The main modifications are as follows: the occupational health surveillance for workers exposed to toluene (xylene may implement by reference), bromopropane, methyl iodide, ethylene oxide, chloroacetic acid, indium and its compounds, coal tar, coal tarasphalt, asphalt, β-naphthylamine, dust of metal and its compounds(tin, iron, antimony, barium and its compounds), hard metal dust, erionite dust, low temperature, laser, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Borrelia burgdorferi, and human immunodeficiency virus, for scraper or grind operators, and underground workers using squatting or kneeling position, crawling position, side-lying position, or shoulder position for a long period of time are included. The emergency health screening for workers exposed to arsenic, fluorine and its inorganic compounds, and acrylamide are included. The occupational medical examination (OME) for workers exposed to amino and nitro compounds of benzene, phosgene, monomethylamine, organic fluorine and dimethyl sulfate has been adjusted and made mandatory, with corresponding assessments required upon leaving the job. The special occupational health surveillance for workers exposed to mycobacterium tuberculosis and hepatitis virus is removed. The OME conclusion of reexamination is removed, and standardize recheck/additional inspection requirements. The optional items in OME performed before, during and after leaving post are removed, but the optional items in emergency medical examination are retained. Additional OME items are added. The Guideline for OME Summary Reports is added as informative appendix, and so on. The revised GBZ 188 Technical Specification for Occupational Health Surveillance is more scientific and practical.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and imaging features of occupational pulmonary thesaurosis induced by dust of iron and its compounds (OPTIDIC). Methods: A total of 230 cases of occupational welder's pneumoconiosis (OWP) patients or observation subjects were selected as the research subjects using the retrospective analysis method. They were diagnosed in four occupational disease diagnosis institutions in Shandong Province from 2010 to 2017. The high kV X-ray chest radiography or chest digital radiograph (hereinafter referred to as X-ray) were re-read to screen OPTIDIC patients. The clinical data of OPTIDIC patients were collected and analyzed. Results: Among the 230 cases, 56 cases were diagnosed as OPTIDIC, accounting for 24.3%. The clinical symptoms of the 56 patients with OPTIDIC were cough, sputum, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing, while their physical signs were low or coarse breath sounds in lungs and others. Most of the X-ray results showed p shadows or q shadows, accounted for 98.2%, of which p/p shadow and q/q shadow accounted for 62.5%. The result of chest computed tomography (CT) showed diffuse point/round shadow and diffuse glass shadow in OPTIDIC patients. The result of fibro-bronchoscopy showed that a large amount of iron lutein particles was accumulated in macrophages and biopsy of lung showed idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis in OPTIDIC patients. Conclusion: The clinical characteristics of OPTIDIC patients showed no different from OWP. However, the result of X-ray of OPTIDIC patients mainly showed small circular shadows, and their CT images mainly showed diffuse point/round shadows or grinding glass shadow, which could be used to the differential diagnosis of OPTIDIC and OWP.

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with occupational melanosis. Methods Diagnostic data of 69 patients with occupational melanosis was analyzed using retrospective analysis. Results The main occupational hazards for the 69 patients with occupational melanosis were coal tar, petroleum and its fractionated products, pigments and dyes and their intermediates, rubber additives and rubber products. The median length of occupational exposure and disease latency were 8.0 and 6.0 years, respectively, with a highly positive correlation between them (Spearman correlation coefficients=0.962, P<0.01). Skin lesions were mainly found on exposed areas such as the face-to-neck and limbs, prevalence of 94.2% and 75.4% respectively. And 78.3% of patients had skin lesion on more than two sites. The lesions were mostly in the form of irregular flakes (59.4%), with a gray-black color (44.9%). About 43.5% of patients experienced skin itching. Complete blood count, liver function, and kidney function were all within normal ranges. Skin biopsy results showed that epidermal hyperkeratosis, thinning of the spinous layer, liquefaction degeneration of basal cells, increased superficial dermal melanocytes, and infiltration of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and melanocytes around the blood vessels. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) detection showed focal liquefaction degeneration of basal cells in the lesions, with a significant infiltration of melanocytes and inflammatory cells in the dermal papillae and superficial layers. Conclusion The primary target organ of occupational melanocytes is the skin, and no damage to other organs was identified thus far. Results from skin biopsies and RCM examinations can be used for differential diagnosis.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease. In recent years, the cumulative prevalence of COPD has been increasing. There are many etiologies and predisposing factors related to COPD, among which occupational risk factors play an important role. Recent studies have found an association between exposure to disinfectants and their products and airway inflammation, respiratory symptoms, and the development of COPD. During the period of COVID-19, disinfection has become an important link in the prevention and control of COVID-19, and the use rate of disinfectants has increased significantly. Therefore, this review summarizes the effects of disinfectants and their products on COPD, discusses the possible mechanisms, and puts forward suggestions for rational use of disinfectants according to the current situation and the development status of disinfectants.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease. In recent years, the cumulative prevalence of COPD has been increasing. There are many etiologies and predisposing factors related to COPD, among which occupational risk factors play an important role. Recent studies have found an association between exposure to disinfectants and their products and airway inflammation, respiratory symptoms, and the development of COPD. During the period of COVID-19, disinfection has become an important link in the prevention and control of COVID-19, and the use rate of disinfectants has increased significantly. Therefore, this review summarizes the effects of disinfectants and their products on COPD, discusses the possible mechanisms, and puts forward suggestions for rational use of disinfectants according to the current situation and the development status of disinfectants.

Background Wearing anti-vibration gloves is a simple and effective way to prevent hand-arm vibration disease. The requirements for vibration damping gloves are varied by types of operations exposed to vibration. Objective To study the vibration attenuation and dexterity of different types of protective gloves, and to provide reference for scientific wearing of vibration damping gloves for people working with vibration exposure. Methods Nine kinds of common protective gloves (A and B were dipping gloves; C, D, and E were rubber gloves; F and G were textile and fabric gloves; H was cotton gloves; I was leather gloves) used by workers exposed to vibration in 28 factories in Guangdong Province were selected as research objects by typical case sampling method, and the basic parameters of included protective gloves were investigated and measured. According to ISO 10819:2013, a glove vibration transmissibility (GVT) test system was used to detect the vibration transmissibility values and analyze vibration attenuation characteristics of the subjects wearing different protective gloves. The dexterity was tested by Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test. Pearson test was used to analyze the correlations among glove thickness, vibration transmissibility, dexterity score, and grip strength score. Results For rubber gloves (C, D, and E), the associated average adjusted vibration transmissibility at middle and low frequencies \begin{document}$ {\overline T _{\text{M}}} $\end{document} and average adjusted vibration transmissibility at high frequency \begin{document}$ {\overline T _{\text{H}}} $\end{document} were lower than those of other gloves (0.89-0.91 and 0.59-0.80 respectively), the vibration transmissibility values of 50-200 Hz frequency band was 0.81-0.97, and the vibration transmissibility values of 315-1250 Hz frequency band decreased with the increase of frequency (the minimum value was 0.13). For other types of gloves (A, B, F, G, H, and I), the \begin{document}$ {\overline T _{\text{M}}} $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ {\overline T _{\text{H}}} $\end{document} were 0.95-0.98 and 1.03-1.11 respectively, the vibration transmissibility values of 50-200 Hz frequency band was 0.96-1.02, and the vibration transmissibility values of 400-1250 Hz frequency band increased (the maximum value was 1.29). The \begin{document}$ {\overline T _{\text{M}}} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ {\overline T _{\text{H}}} $\end{document}, and vibration transmissibility values of 40-1250 Hz frequency band of rubber gloves with double-layer protective materials (C, D, and E) were significantly lower than those of gloves with single-layer protective materials. But the \begin{document}$ {\overline T _{\text{M}}} $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ {\overline T _{\text{H}}} $\end{document} of gloves of other types with double-layer materials (F, H, and I) were still greater than 0.9 and 1.0 respectively. Compared with single-layer protective materials, the gloves of other types with double-layer materials showed no significant changes in the vibration transmissibility values of 25-200 frequency band (0.91-1.06), and an increase in the vibration transmissibility values of 250-630 Hz frequency band (the maximum value was 1.22). The dexterity scores and grip strength scores of dipping gloves (A and B) were the lowest. Rubber gloves C had the highest dexterity score and grip strength score. The thickness of protective gloves was negatively correlated with the vibration transmissibility values, and positively correlated with the dexterity score and the grip strength score (P < 0.05). The vibration transmissibility value was negatively correlated with the dexterity score and the grip strength score (P < 0.05). Conclusion Among the 9 kinds of gloves, cotton gloves and leather gloves have no damping effect. Rubber gloves have certain vibration reduction effect, and the vibration reduction effect on high frequency band is better than that on low frequency band. The thicker the damping material is, the better the damping effect is, but the less the dexterity is. Appropriate damping gloves should be selected according to actual vibration operations.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and prognostic influencing factors of radical surgery for duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 741 duodenal GIST patients who under-went radical surgery in 17 medical centers, including 121 cases in Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 121 cases in Chinese PLA General Hospital, 116 cases in Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 77 cases in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 77 cases in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 31 cases in Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital, 24 cases in Fujian Cancer Hospital, 22 cases in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 25 cases in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 19 cases in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 23 cases in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 17 cases in Liaoning Cancer Hospital＆Institute, 17 cases in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 15 cases in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 14 cases in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 14 cases in Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University and 8 cases in General Hospital of Chinese People′s Liberation Army Air Force, from January 2010 to April 2020 were collected. There were 346 males and 395 females, aged 55(range, 17?86)years. Observation indicators: (1) neoadjuvant treatment; (2) surgical and postoperative situations; (3) follow-up; (4) stratified analysis. Follow-up was conducted using outpatient examination or telephone interview. Patients were followed up once every 3?6 months during neoadjuvant therapy and once every 6?12 months after radical surgery to detect tumor recurrence and survival of patient up to April 2022. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves and calculate survival rates. Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. The COX regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Propensity score matching was done by the 1∶1 nearest neighbor matching method, and the matching tolerance was 0.02. Results:(1) Neoadjuvant therapy. Of the 741 patients, 34 cases received neoadjuvant therapy for 8(range, 3?44)months. Cases assessed as partial response, stable disease and progressive disease before the radical surgery of the 34 cases were 21, 9, 4, respectively. The tumor diameter of the 34 patients before the neoadjuvant therapy and before the radical surgery were 8.0(range, 3.0?26.0)cm and 5.3(range, 3.0?18.0)cm, with the regression rate as 31.9%(range, ?166.7% to 58.3%). (2) Surgical and postoperative situations. Of the 741 patients, 34 cases underwent radical surgery after receiving neoadjuvant therapy, and 707 cases underwent radical surgery directly. All the 741 patients underwent radical surgery successfully, in which 633, 102 and 6 cases received open surgery, laparoscopic surgery and endoscopic treatment, respectively. Of the 633 cases receiving open surgery and the 102 cases receiving laparoscopic surgery, cases with surgical resection range as pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) was 238, and cases with surgical resection range as duodenal limited resection, including duodenal wedge resection, distal gastrectomy, segmental duodenal resection, local resection of duodenal tumor or segmental duodenum combined with subtotal gastrectomy, was 497, 226, 55, 204, 12. Of the 741 patients, 131 cases had post-operative complications including 113 cases with grade Ⅰ?Ⅱ complications and 18 cases with ≥ grade Ⅲ complications of the Clavien-Dindo classification. The duration of postoperative hospital stay of the 741 patients was 13(range, 4?120)days. Of the 707 patients receiving direct radical surgery, 371 cases were evaluated as extremely low risk, low risk, medium risk of the modified National Institutes of Health (NIH) risk classification after surgery, and 336 cases were evaluated as high risk in which 205 cases receive postoperative adjuvant imatinib therapy with the treatment time as 24(range, 6?110)months. (3) Follow-up. All the 741 patients were followed up for 58(range, 7?150)months. During the follow-up, 110 patients had tumor recurrence and metastasis. The 1-, 3-, 5-year overall survival rates and 1-, 3-, 5-year disease-free survival rates of the 741 patients were 100.0%, 98.6%, 94.5% and 98.4%, 90.9%, 84.9%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, 5-year overall survival rates and 1-, 3-, 5-year disease-free survival rates of the 707 patients receiving direct radical surgery were 100.0%, 98.5%, 94.3% and 98.4%, 91.1%, 85.4%, respectively. (4) Stratified analysis. ① Analysis of prognostic factors in patients undergoing radical surgery directly. Results of univariate analysis showed that primary tumor location, tumor diameter, mitotic count, modified NIH risk classification and tumor gene information were related factors affecting the overall survival of 707 patients with primary duodenal GIST who underwent direct radical surgery ( hazard ratio=0.43, 0.18, 0.22, 0.06, 0.29, 95% confidence intervals as 0.20?0.93, 0.09?0.35, 0.10?0.50, 0.03?0.12, 0.09?0.95, P<0.05). The primary tumor location, tumor diameter, mitotic count, modified NIH risk classification were related factors affecting the disease-free survival of 707 patients with primary duodenal GIST who underwent direct radical surgery ( hazard ratio=0.65, 0.25, 0.25, 0.10, 95% confidence intervals as 0.41?1.03, 0.17?0.37, 0.15?0.42, 0.07?0.15, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that primary tumor located at the horizontal segment of duodenum, mitotic count >5/50 high power field, tumor gene KIT exon 9 mutation were independent risk factors affecting the overall survival of 365 patients with primary duodenal GIST after removing 342 patients without tumor gene information who underwent direct radical surgery ( hazard ratio=2.85, 2.73, 3.13, 95% confidence intervals as 1.12?7.20, 1.07?6.94, 1.23?7.93, P<0.05). Tumor diameter >5 cm and mitotic count >5/50 high power field were independent risk factors affecting the disease-free survival of 707 patients with primary duodenal GIST who underwent direct radical surgery ( hazard ratio=3.19, 2.98, 95% confidence intervals as 2.05?4.97, 1.99?4.45, P<0.05). ② Effect of postoperative adjuvant therapy on prognosis of high-risk patients of modified NIH risk classification. Of the 336 patients evaluated as high risk of the modified NIH risk classification, the 5-year overall survival rate and 5-year disease-free survival rate were 94.6% and 77.3% in the 205 cases with postoperative adjuvant therapy, versus 83.2% and 64.4% in the 131 cases without postoperative adjuvant therapy, showing significant differences between them ( χ2=8.39, 4.44, P<0.05). Of the 205 patients evaluated as high risk of the modified NIH risk classification who received postoperative adjuvant therapy, there were 106 cases receiving postoperative adjuvant therapy <36 months, with the 5-year overall survival rate and 5-year disease-free survival rate were 87.1% and 58.7%, and there were 99 cases receiving post-operative adjuvant therapy ≥36 months, with the 5-year overall survival rate and 5-year disease-free survival rate were 100.0% and 91.5%. There were significant differences in the 5-year overall survival rate and 5-year disease-free survival rate between the 106 patients and the 99 patients ( χ2=13.92, 29.61, P<0.05). ③ Comparison of clinical efficacy of patients with different surgical methods. Before propensity score matching, cases with primary tumor located at bulb, descending, horizontal, ascending segment of duodenum, cases with tumor diameter ≤5 cm and >5 cm were 95, 307, 147, 34, 331, 252, in the 583 patients receiving open surgery with complete clinical data, versus 15, 46, 17, 5, 67, 16 in the 83 patients receiving laparoscopic surgery with complete clinical data, showing no significant difference in the primary tumor location ( χ2=0.94, P>0.05), and a significant difference in the tumor diameter ( χ2=17.33, P<0.05) between them. After propensity score matching, the above indicator were 16, 39, 20, 8, 67, 16 in the 83 patients receiving open surgery, versus 15, 46, 17, 5, 67, 16 in the 83 patients receiving laparoscopic surgery, showing no significant difference between them ( χ2=1.54, 0.00, P>0.05). Cases with postoperative complications, cases with grade Ⅰ?Ⅱ complica-tions and ≥grade Ⅲ complications of the Clavien-Dindo classification, duration of postoperative hospital stay, the 5-year overall survival rate and 5-year disease-free survival rate were 17, 12, 5, 11(range, 5?120)days, 92.0%, 100.0% in the 83 patients receiving open surgery, versus 9, 7, 2, 11(range, 5?41)days, 91.6%, 97.3% in the 83 patients receiving laparoscopic surgery, showing no signi-ficant difference in postoperative complications, duration of postoperative hospital stay, the 5-year overall survival rate and 5-year disease-free survival rate ( χ2=2.91, Z=3 365.50, χ2=3.02, 1.49, P>0.05) between them. There was no significant difference in complications of the Clavien-Dindo classification between them ( P>0.05). ④ Comparison of clinical efficacy of patients with primary tumor located at the descending segment of duodenum who underwent surgery with different surgical resection scopes. Before propensity score matching, cases with tumor diameter ≤5 cm and >5 cm, cases with tumor located at opposite side of mesangium and mesangium were 71, 85, 28, 128 in the 156 patients with primary tumor located at the descending segment of duodenum who underwent PD with complete clinical data, versus 92, 41, 120, 13 in the 133 patients with primary tumor located at the descending segment of duodenum who underwent duodenal limited resection with complete clinical data, showing significant differences between them ( χ2=16.34, 150.10, P<0.05). After propensity score matching, the above indicator were 28, 13, 16, 25 in the 41 patients with primary tumor located at the descending segment of duodenum who underwent PD with complete clinical data, versus 28, 13, 16, 25 in the 41 patients with primary tumor located at the descending segment of duodenum who underwent duodenal limited resection with complete clinical data, showing no significant difference between them ( χ2=0.00, 0.00, P>0.05). Cases with postopera-tive complications, cases with grade Ⅰ?Ⅱ complications and ≥grade Ⅲ compli-cations of the Clavien-Dindo classification, duration of postoperative hospital stay, the 5-year overall survival rate and 5-year disease-free survival rate were 13, 11, 2, 15(range, 9?62)days, 94.2%, 64.3% in the 41 patients with primary tumor located at the descending segment of duodenum who underwent PD with complete clinical data, versus 9, 8, 0, 15(range, 7?40)days, 100.0%, 78.8% in the 41 patients with primary tumor located at the descending segment of duodenum who underwent duodenal limited resection with complete clinical data, showing no significant difference in post-operative complica-tions, the 5-year overall survival rate and 5-year disease-free survival rate ( χ2=0.99, 0.34, 1.86, P>0.05) between them. There was no significant difference in complications of the Clavien-Dindo classification ( P>0.05) and there was a significant difference in duration of postopera-tive hospital stay ( Z=614.50, P<0.05) between them. Conclusions:The clinical efficacy of radical surgery for duodenal GIST are ideal. Primary tumor located at the horizontal segment of duodenum, mitotic count >5/50 high power field, tumor gene KIT exon 9 mutation are independent risk factors affec-ting the overall survival of patients undergoing direct radical surgery and tumor diameter >5 cm and mitotic count >5/50 high power field are independent risk factors affecting the disease-free survival of patients. There is no significant difference in the short-term efficacy and long-term prognosis between patients undergoing open surgery and laparoscopic surgery. For patients with primary tumor located at the descending segment of duodenum, the duration of postoperative hospital stay is longer in patients undergoing PD compared with patients undergoing duodenal limited resection. For patients evaluated as high risk of the modified NIH risk classification, posto-perative adjuvant therapy and treatment time ≥36 months are conducive to improving the prognosis of patients.