Pulmonary administration can directly deliver drugs to the lungs， making it the preferred mode of administration for pulmonary disease. Active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， such as quercetin and paclitaxel have demonstrated promising therapeutic effects on lung diseases. However， they face challenges such as poor water solubility and high lung clearance rates. Loading the active ingredients of TCM onto nano-drug delivery systems can enhance their water solubility， stability， permeability and retention in the lungs. Based on this， this study reviewed the research progress on inhalation nano-drug delivery systems for the active ingredients of TCM in the treatment of lung diseases. It was found that there are nano-drug delivery systems for TCM active ingredients based on chitosan， lipids （including liposomes， solid lipid nanoparticles， and nanostructured lipid carriers）， and targeting ligands （including targeting folate receptor， targeting transferrin receptor， and exosomes）. These inhalation nano-drug delivery systems comprehensively consider key factors such as particle size， surface charge， and hydrophobicity， which can prevent the drugs from being cleared by mucus， cilium and macrophages， thus exhibiting great potential for application.

Objective To investigate the factors influencing the prognosis of complex intracranial aneurysms treated with pipeline flow-directed device(PED)and to develop a nomogram prediction model.Methods The clinical data of a total of 98 patients with complex intracranial aneurysm,who were admitted to the Anyue County People's Hospital or the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College of China from January 2021 to April 2023 to receive PED treatment,were retrospectively analyzed.The influencing factors that might affect the prognosis of patients with complex intracranial aneurysm were collected.According to the modified Rankin Scale(mRS)score,the patients were divided into good prognosis group(being defined as mRS ≤2 points)and poor prognosis group(being defined as mRS＞2 points).The clinical data were compared between the two groups,and a nomogram model was established and validated.Results In the 98 patients,poor prognosis was seen in 10(10.20％).The differences in age,history of hypertension,history of diabetes mellitus,clopidogrel resistance,Fisher classification,repeated aneurysm rupture,aneurysm location,aneurysm size,aneurysm neck,multiple lesions,and Hunt-Hess grade on admission between good prognosis group and poor prognosis group were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis revealed that history of hypertension,clopidogrel resistance,repeated aneurysm rupture,aneurysm location,multiple lesions,and Hunt-Hess grade were the independent factors influencing the prognosis of patients with complex intracranial aneurysm after receiving PED treatment.The AUC of the nomogram model in predicting the prognosis of PED for complex intracranial aneurysms was 0.849(95％CI=0.758-0.939).The predicted curves of the model group and validation group were basically fitted to the standard curves.The results of the decision curve analysis showed that the net benefit to patients was greater than 0 when the probability threshold of the nomogram model for predicting a poor prognosis of PED for complex intracranial aneurysms was 0.10-0.90.Conclusion The factors causing poor prognosis of PED for complex intracranial aneurysms mainly include history of hypertension,clopidogrel resistance,repeated aneurysm rupture,etc.The nomogram model established in this study can predict the risk of poor prognosis in patients with complicated intracranial aneurysm after receiving PED treatment.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of three cases of traumatic ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) injury in children treated at the Nanjing Children′s Hospital from May 2021 to May 2022.The clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment principles of traumatic UPJ injury in children were analyzed.All three patients had complete rupture of the UPJ, diagnosed at the age of 3 days, 10 days, and 3 months, respectively.The primary repair was attempted in all patients.The first patient underwent primary repair successfully, while the second and third patients developed anastomotic stenosis after surgery.After secondary anastomosis surgery, urinary tract patency was ultimately restored.There were no characteristic clinical manifestations in the early stage of traumatic UPJ injury in children.Most imaging examinations can not accurately diagnose the injury.Retrograde pyelography is an effective method for diagnosing ureteral injury in children.Early diagnosis is positively correlated with the prognosis of pediatric patients with traumatic UPJ rupture.Pyeloplasty is the preferred surgical procedure for this type of injury, and subcalyceal ureterostomy is an optional procedure for treating complex pediatric traumatic UPJ injuries.

Objective:To investigate the early clinical characteristics of elderly patients with severe burns and the risk factors on prognosis.Methods:This study was a retrospective case series study. Clinical data of 124 elderly patients with severe burns who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the 12 hospitals from January 2015 to December 2020 were collected, including 4 patients from the Fourth People's Hospital of Dalian, 5 patients from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 22 patients from Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, 5 patients from Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, 27 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 9 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 10 patients from Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 9 patients from Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University & Wuhan Third Hospital, 12 patients from the 924 th Hospital of PLA, 6 patients from Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, 4 patients from Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, and 11 patients from Zhengzhou First People's Hospital. The patients' overall clinical characteristics, such as gender, age, body mass index, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, inhalation injury, causative factors, whether combined with underlying medical diseases, and admission time after injury were recorded. According to the survival outcome within 28 days after injury, the patients were divided into survival group (89 cases) and death group (35 cases). The following data of patients were compared between the two groups, including the basic data and injuries (the same as the overall clinical characteristics ahead); the coagulation indexes within the first 24 hours of injury such as prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time, D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation product (FDP), international normalized ratio (INR), and fibrinogen; the blood routine indexes within the first 24 hours of injury such as white blood cell count, platelet count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit; the organ function indexes within the first 24 hours of injury such as direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, urea, serum creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total protein, albumin, globulin, blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, electrolyte indexes (potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in blood), uric acid, myoglobin, and brain natriuretic peptide; the infection and blood gas indexes within the first 24 hours of injury such as procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, pH value, oxygenation index, base excess, and lactate; treatment such as whether conducted with mechanical ventilation, whether conducted with continuous renal replacement therapy, whether conducted with anticoagulation therapy, whether applied with vasoactive drugs, and fluid resuscitation. The analysis was conducted to screen the independent risk factors for the mortality within 28 days after injury in elderly patients with severe burns. Results:Among 124 patients, there were 82 males and 42 females, aged 60-97 years, with body mass index of 23.44 (21.09, 25.95) kg/m 2, total burn area of 54.00% (42.00%, 75.00%) total body surface area (TBSA), and full-thickness burn area of 25.00% (10.00%, 40.00%) TBSA. The patients were mainly combined with moderate to severe inhalation injury and caused by flame burns. There were 43 cases with underlying medical diseases. The majority of patients were admitted to the hospital within 8 hours after injury. There were statistically significant differences between patients in the 2 groups in terms of age, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, and inhalation injury, and PT, APTT, D-dimer, FDP, INR, white blood cell count, platelet count, urea, serum creatinine, blood glucose, blood sodium, uric acid, myoglobin, and urine volume within the first 24 hours of injury (with Z values of 2.37, 5.49, 5.26, 5.97, 2.18, 1.95, 2.68, 2.68, 2.51, 2.82, 2.14, 3.40, 5.31, 3.41, 2.35, 3.81, 2.16, and -3.82, respectively, P<0.05); there were statistically significant differences between two groups of patients in whether conducted with mechanical ventilation and whether applied with vasoactive drugs (with χ2 values of 9.44 and 28.50, respectively, P<0.05). Age, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, serum creatinine within the first 24 hours of injury, and APTT within the first 24 hours of injury were the independent risk factors for the mortality within 28 days after injury in elderly patients with severe burns (with odds ratios of 1.17, 1.10, 1.10, 1.09, and 1.27, 95% confidence intervals of 1.03-1.40, 1.04-1.21, 1.05-1.19, 1.05-1.17, and 1.07-1.69, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions:The elderly patients with severe burns had the injuries mainly from flame burns, often accompanied by moderate to severe inhalation injury and enhanced inflammatory response, elevated blood glucose levels, activated fibrinolysis, and impaired organ function in the early stage, which are associated with their prognosis. Age, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, and serum creatinine and APTT within the first 24 hours of injury are the independent risk factors for death within 28 days after injury in this population.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of infectious pathogens in patients with refractory prostatitis,and to detect serum levels of factors related to immune inflammatory response such as macrophage inflammatory protein 1α(MIP-1α),IL-8 and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2).Methods:A total of 87 patients with refractory chronic prostatitis who were diagnosed and treated in the Outpatient Department of Zhengzhou Ninth People's Hospital and Andrology Outpatient Department of Zhengzhou Central Hospital from October 2018 to June 2020 were selected as observation group,and 87 healthy subjects were selected as control group.Analyzed characteristics of infectious pathogens in patients with refractory prostatitis,compared serum MIP-1α,IL-8,COX-2 levels and the dif-ferent efficacy of the two groups,clinical data of the two groups of patients,serum MIP-1α,IL-8,COX-2 levels before and after treat-ment,and to analyze the correlation of the difference of serum MIP-1α,IL-8,COX-2 and the duration of the disease,the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index(NIH-CPSI),maximum urinary flow rate and the relationship between serum MIP-1α,IL-8,COX-2 diffe-rence and the efficacy of patients with refractory prostatitis,and to evaluate the assessment value of serum MIP-1α,IL-8,COX-2 difference on the efficacy of patients with refractory prostatitis.Results:Bacterial infection was present in 87 specimens of prostatic fluid from patients with refractory prostatitis,and 9 patients had concomitant mycoplasma infection.From the prostatic fluid samples of 87 patients with refractory prostatitis,a total of 338 pathogenic bacteria were isolated,including 230 gram-positive bacteria,accounting for 68.05%;108 gram-negative bacteria,accounting for 31.95%;serum MIP-1α,IL-8,COX-2 levels in observation group were higher than that in control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the course of disease,NIH-CPSI score,maximum urinary flow rate,levels of MIP-1α,IL-8,COX-2 after treatment,and the difference of MIP-1α,IL-8,COX-2 before and after treatment were compared in patients with different curative effects,and the difference was statistically signifi-cant(P<0.05);the difference between serum MIP-1α,IL-8 and COX-2 in patients with refractory prostatitis before and after treat-ment was positively correlated with disease course and NIH-CPSI score,while negatively correlated with maximum urinary flow rate(P<0.05);the differences of serum MIP-1α,IL-8 and COX-2 before and after treatment were significantly correlated with curative effect of patients with refractory prostatitis(P<0.05);AUC values of serum MIP-1α,IL-8 and COX-2 before and after treatment to evaluate the efficacy of refractory prostatitis patients were 0.856,0.819 and 0.788,respectively,and the combined AUC value was the largest,which was 0.903.Conclusion:Pathogenic bacteria in patients with refractory prostatitis are mainly gram-positive bacteria,and the serum MIP-1α,IL-8 and COX-2 are significantly increased,which are closely related to the evolution of the disease.They can be used to evaluate clinical efficacy,and provide information for subsequent treatment.

Objective:To compare the diagnostic efficacy of 18F-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-1007 PET/CT and mpMRI in the diagnosis of pelvic lymph node metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa). Methods:The clinical data of 30 patients who underwent 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT and mpMRI examinations in Sichuan Cancer Hospital from November 2018 to April 2021 were analyzed. The average age was (68.4±6.4) years old. The preoperative total PSA was 45.70(16.07, 100.00)ng/ml. Among 30 patients, 14 cases were found lymph node positive by PET/CT and 7 cases were found lymph node positive by mpMRI.Combined with the two preoperative imaging methods and the patient's PSA level, there was 1 patient in stage T 1, 20 patients in stage T 2, 6 patients in stage T 3, and 3 patients in stage T 4. Twenty-nine cases were classified as high risk group and one case was in moderate risk group.All 30 patients underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and enlarged pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND). According to the postoperative pathological results, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the two imaging techniques for the diagnosis of PCa pelvic lymph node metastasis were calculated, and the consistency of the two imaging techniques for the postoperative pathological results was observed by Kappa test. Results:All the 30 patients were confirmed to be PCa by postoperative pathology, among which 10 patients were positive for pelvic lymph node biopsy. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT for pelvic lymph node metastasis were 100.0% (10/10), 80.0% (16/20), 71.4%(10/14) and 100.0%(16/16) respectively, and Kappa value was 0.727. The sensitivity and specificity of mpMRI were 70.0% (7/10) and 100.0% (20/20), the positive and negative predictive values were 100.0% (7/7) and 87.0%(20/23)respectively, and the Kappa value was 0.757. The P values of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value between the two imaging methods were 0.18, 0.07, 0.30, <0.01, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in diagnosing the number of pelvic lymph node metastasis were 100%(28/28), 98.2% (373/380), 80.0% (28/35) and 100.0%(373/373), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of mpMRI in diagnosing the number of pelvic lymph node metastasis were 78.6% (22/28), 100.0% (380/380), 100.0% (22/22) and 98.4%(380/386), respectively. The P values of the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of lymph node detection by the two imaging methods were all <0.01, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusions:The sensitivity and negative predictive value of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT for the detection of positive lymph node were higher than mpMRI. The specificity and positive predictive value of mpMRI in detecting positive lymph node metastasis were higher than 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT examination.

OBJECTIVE： To prepare Syringopicroside solid lipid nanoparticles （SYR-SLN）， and optimize the formula and characterize SYR-SLN. METHODS： SYR-SLN were prepared by emulsion evaporation method. Using entrapment efficiency as index， based on single factor， orthogonal design was adopted to optimize the mass ratio of lecithin-monoglyceride， volume ratio of organ phase to water phase， poloxamer 188 （F68） concentration and drug dosage. The optimal formula technology was established to investigate entrapment efficiency， drug-loading amount， morphology， particle size， Zeta potential， stability， etc. RESULTS： The mass ratio of lecithin-monoglyceride was 3 ∶ 1； the volume ratio of organic phase to water phase was 1 ∶ 2； the concentration of F68 was 0.4％； drug dosage was 10 mg. The optimal formula included that monoglyceride 80 mg， lecithin 240 mg， 0.4％ F68， syringopicroside 10 mg， absolute ethyl alcohol 5 mL， distilled water 10 mL， emulsification temperature at 65℃ and stirring at 600 r/min. Encapsulation efficiency of SYR-SLN was （42.35±0.60）％ （n＝3）； drug-loading amount was （5.33±0.03）％ （n＝3）； SYR-SLN had a spherical morphology and was evenly distributed. The average particle size was （180.30±5.31） nm with Zeta potential of （－41.9±0.8） mV， and the SYR-SLN could maintain stable for 15 days at 4℃. CONCLUSIONS： SYR-SLN is prepared successfully， and the technology is simple with high encapsulation efficiency.

Exploiting cells as vehicles combined with nanoparticles combined with therapy has attracted increasing attention in the world recently. Red blood cells, leukocytes and stem cells have been used for tumor immunotherapy, tissue regeneration and inflammatory disorders, and it is known that neutrophils can accumulate in brain lesions in many brain diseases including depression. -Acetyl Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP) peptide shows high specific binding affinity to neutrophils through the CXCR2 receptor. In this study, PGP was used to modify baicalein-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (PGP-SLNs) to facilitate binding to neutrophils . Brain-targeted delivery to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) was demonstrated by enhanced concentration of baicalein in the BLA. An enhanced anti-depressant effect was observed and The mechanism involved inhibition of apoptosis and a decrease in lactate dehydrogenase release. Behavioral evaluation carried out with rats demonstrated that anti-depression outcomes were achieved. The results indicate that PGP-SLNs decrease immobility time, increase swimming time and climbing time and attenuate locomotion in olfactory-bulbectomized (OB) rats. In conclusion, PGP modification is a strategy for targeting the brain with a cell-nanoparticle delivery system for depression therapy.

Stem cell research has become a frontier in the field of life sciences, and provides an ideal model for exploring developmental biology problems such as embryogenesis, histiocytosis, and gene expression regulation, as well as opens up new doors for clinical tissue defective and inheritance diseases. Among them, menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) are characterized by wide source, multi-directional differentiation potential, low immune rejection characteristics. Thus, MenSCs can achieve individual treatment and have the most advantage of the clinical application. The central nervous system, including brain and spinal cord, is susceptible to injury. And lethality and morbidity of them tops the list of all types of trauma. Compared to peripheral nervous system, recovery of central nervous system after damage remains extremely hard. However, the treatment of stem cells, especially MenSCs, is expected to solve this problem. Therefore, biological characteristics of MenSCs and their treatment in the respect of central nervous system diseases have been reviewed at home and abroad in recent years, so as to provide reference for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.