Objective:To investigate the early clinical characteristics of elderly patients with severe burns and the risk factors on prognosis.Methods:This study was a retrospective case series study. Clinical data of 124 elderly patients with severe burns who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the 12 hospitals from January 2015 to December 2020 were collected, including 4 patients from the Fourth People's Hospital of Dalian, 5 patients from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 22 patients from Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, 5 patients from Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, 27 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 9 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 10 patients from Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 9 patients from Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University & Wuhan Third Hospital, 12 patients from the 924 th Hospital of PLA, 6 patients from Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, 4 patients from Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, and 11 patients from Zhengzhou First People's Hospital. The patients' overall clinical characteristics, such as gender, age, body mass index, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, inhalation injury, causative factors, whether combined with underlying medical diseases, and admission time after injury were recorded. According to the survival outcome within 28 days after injury, the patients were divided into survival group (89 cases) and death group (35 cases). The following data of patients were compared between the two groups, including the basic data and injuries (the same as the overall clinical characteristics ahead); the coagulation indexes within the first 24 hours of injury such as prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time, D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation product (FDP), international normalized ratio (INR), and fibrinogen; the blood routine indexes within the first 24 hours of injury such as white blood cell count, platelet count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit; the organ function indexes within the first 24 hours of injury such as direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, urea, serum creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total protein, albumin, globulin, blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, electrolyte indexes (potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in blood), uric acid, myoglobin, and brain natriuretic peptide; the infection and blood gas indexes within the first 24 hours of injury such as procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, pH value, oxygenation index, base excess, and lactate; treatment such as whether conducted with mechanical ventilation, whether conducted with continuous renal replacement therapy, whether conducted with anticoagulation therapy, whether applied with vasoactive drugs, and fluid resuscitation. The analysis was conducted to screen the independent risk factors for the mortality within 28 days after injury in elderly patients with severe burns. Results:Among 124 patients, there were 82 males and 42 females, aged 60-97 years, with body mass index of 23.44 (21.09, 25.95) kg/m 2, total burn area of 54.00% (42.00%, 75.00%) total body surface area (TBSA), and full-thickness burn area of 25.00% (10.00%, 40.00%) TBSA. The patients were mainly combined with moderate to severe inhalation injury and caused by flame burns. There were 43 cases with underlying medical diseases. The majority of patients were admitted to the hospital within 8 hours after injury. There were statistically significant differences between patients in the 2 groups in terms of age, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, and inhalation injury, and PT, APTT, D-dimer, FDP, INR, white blood cell count, platelet count, urea, serum creatinine, blood glucose, blood sodium, uric acid, myoglobin, and urine volume within the first 24 hours of injury (with Z values of 2.37, 5.49, 5.26, 5.97, 2.18, 1.95, 2.68, 2.68, 2.51, 2.82, 2.14, 3.40, 5.31, 3.41, 2.35, 3.81, 2.16, and -3.82, respectively, P<0.05); there were statistically significant differences between two groups of patients in whether conducted with mechanical ventilation and whether applied with vasoactive drugs (with χ2 values of 9.44 and 28.50, respectively, P<0.05). Age, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, serum creatinine within the first 24 hours of injury, and APTT within the first 24 hours of injury were the independent risk factors for the mortality within 28 days after injury in elderly patients with severe burns (with odds ratios of 1.17, 1.10, 1.10, 1.09, and 1.27, 95% confidence intervals of 1.03-1.40, 1.04-1.21, 1.05-1.19, 1.05-1.17, and 1.07-1.69, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions:The elderly patients with severe burns had the injuries mainly from flame burns, often accompanied by moderate to severe inhalation injury and enhanced inflammatory response, elevated blood glucose levels, activated fibrinolysis, and impaired organ function in the early stage, which are associated with their prognosis. Age, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, and serum creatinine and APTT within the first 24 hours of injury are the independent risk factors for death within 28 days after injury in this population.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of infectious pathogens in patients with refractory prostatitis,and to detect serum levels of factors related to immune inflammatory response such as macrophage inflammatory protein 1α(MIP-1α),IL-8 and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2).Methods:A total of 87 patients with refractory chronic prostatitis who were diagnosed and treated in the Outpatient Department of Zhengzhou Ninth People's Hospital and Andrology Outpatient Department of Zhengzhou Central Hospital from October 2018 to June 2020 were selected as observation group,and 87 healthy subjects were selected as control group.Analyzed characteristics of infectious pathogens in patients with refractory prostatitis,compared serum MIP-1α,IL-8,COX-2 levels and the dif-ferent efficacy of the two groups,clinical data of the two groups of patients,serum MIP-1α,IL-8,COX-2 levels before and after treat-ment,and to analyze the correlation of the difference of serum MIP-1α,IL-8,COX-2 and the duration of the disease,the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index(NIH-CPSI),maximum urinary flow rate and the relationship between serum MIP-1α,IL-8,COX-2 diffe-rence and the efficacy of patients with refractory prostatitis,and to evaluate the assessment value of serum MIP-1α,IL-8,COX-2 difference on the efficacy of patients with refractory prostatitis.Results:Bacterial infection was present in 87 specimens of prostatic fluid from patients with refractory prostatitis,and 9 patients had concomitant mycoplasma infection.From the prostatic fluid samples of 87 patients with refractory prostatitis,a total of 338 pathogenic bacteria were isolated,including 230 gram-positive bacteria,accounting for 68.05%;108 gram-negative bacteria,accounting for 31.95%;serum MIP-1α,IL-8,COX-2 levels in observation group were higher than that in control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the course of disease,NIH-CPSI score,maximum urinary flow rate,levels of MIP-1α,IL-8,COX-2 after treatment,and the difference of MIP-1α,IL-8,COX-2 before and after treatment were compared in patients with different curative effects,and the difference was statistically signifi-cant(P<0.05);the difference between serum MIP-1α,IL-8 and COX-2 in patients with refractory prostatitis before and after treat-ment was positively correlated with disease course and NIH-CPSI score,while negatively correlated with maximum urinary flow rate(P<0.05);the differences of serum MIP-1α,IL-8 and COX-2 before and after treatment were significantly correlated with curative effect of patients with refractory prostatitis(P<0.05);AUC values of serum MIP-1α,IL-8 and COX-2 before and after treatment to evaluate the efficacy of refractory prostatitis patients were 0.856,0.819 and 0.788,respectively,and the combined AUC value was the largest,which was 0.903.Conclusion:Pathogenic bacteria in patients with refractory prostatitis are mainly gram-positive bacteria,and the serum MIP-1α,IL-8 and COX-2 are significantly increased,which are closely related to the evolution of the disease.They can be used to evaluate clinical efficacy,and provide information for subsequent treatment.

Stem cell research has become a frontier in the field of life sciences, and provides an ideal model for exploring developmental biology problems such as embryogenesis, histiocytosis, and gene expression regulation, as well as opens up new doors for clinical tissue defective and inheritance diseases. Among them, menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) are characterized by wide source, multi-directional differentiation potential, low immune rejection characteristics. Thus, MenSCs can achieve individual treatment and have the most advantage of the clinical application. The central nervous system, including brain and spinal cord, is susceptible to injury. And lethality and morbidity of them tops the list of all types of trauma. Compared to peripheral nervous system, recovery of central nervous system after damage remains extremely hard. However, the treatment of stem cells, especially MenSCs, is expected to solve this problem. Therefore, biological characteristics of MenSCs and their treatment in the respect of central nervous system diseases have been reviewed at home and abroad in recent years, so as to provide reference for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical effect of immediate ureterovesical reimplantation after ureteral rupture during laparoscopic hysterectomy. Methods From August 2010 to December 2015, 5 cases of ureteral rupture during the operation of laparoscopic hysterectomy were treated with immediate ureterovesical reimplantation under laparoscopy. Results All operations were successfully performed without transversion to open surgery. No patients with urinary leakage occurred. The mean follow-up were 21 months (range 3-60 months) . No cases with ureteral stricture were observed. Slight urine reflux was found in two patients, of whom obvious hydronephrosis and renal damage were not found. Conclusion Immediate ureterovesical reimplantation under laparoscopy is a feasible, safe and minimal invasive method for treatment of ureteral ruputure during laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Objective To ascertain the utility and difference of sonography with echo-tracking (ET) technique and pulse-Doppler to assess vascular stiffness in rats with hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.Methods Sonography associated with ET technique and pulse-Doppler were used to measure stiffness parameter (β),arterial compliance (AC),distensibility coefficient (DC),one-point pulse wave velocity (PWVβ),resistence index(RI),peak systolic velocity(PSV),end-diastolic velocity(EDV) and EDV/PSV of the aorta in cholesterol-fed SD rats (group T1,n =10,for 4 weeks;group T2,n =10,for 12 weeks) and normal control rats(group C1,n =10;group C2,n =10).All parameters and blood biochemical markers[total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-CH) and highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CH)] among groups were analyzed with ANOVE factor analysis.Correlation was analyzed with Pearson analysis.Light microscopic evaluation were used to demonstrate atherosclerotic changes in the aorta.Results The PWVβ value and PSV of the aorta between group T1 and T2 were significantly different (P =0.001,P ＜0.05).The β,PWVβ values of the aorta in group T1 and T2 were significantly higher than those of group C1 and C2 (P ＜0.05).AC and DC values of the aorta in group T1 and T2 were significantly lower than those of group C1 and C2 (P ＜0.05).Correlation analysis showsed that RI was positively correlated with systolic pressure(P ＜0.05).All parameters had correlated with each other among β,PWVβ,AC,DC,TG,TC,systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.DC and AC were negatively correlated with β and PWVβ,also DC was negatively correlated with TG.Light microscopy confirmed morphologic typical changes of aortic atherosclerosis in group T1 and T2.Conclusions Sonography with the ET method compared with pulse-Doppler is much more sensitive and it can be used to evaluate tissue elastic changes in arterial walls associated with atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia.PSV can reflect atherosclerosis of rat's abdominal aorta well,but pulse-Doppler is limited in the diagnosis of earlier atherosclerosis period.

Objective To reproduce an SD rat model of prostatic calculus by using nanobacteria (NB), and explore the role of NB in contributing to prostatitis and prostatic calculus. Methods Twenty adult male SD rats were randomized to the control group and 20 to the model group. Rat prostate infection models were reproduced by infusing 0. 2 ml (Concentration, 1 Mai unit) NB suspension transurethrally. 0.2 ml physiological saline was infused transurethrally in the rat control group. The rats were sacrificed 4 and 8 weeks later and prostatic pathology were viewed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Lithogenesis was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) or Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Re-isolation, culture and identification of nanobacteria were also done in rat prostatic tissues. Results Chronic inflammatory changes of prostates were shown in the model group at both 4 weeks and 8 weeks after infusing NB suspension. Prostatic calculi were detected by SEM and TEM at 8 weeks in the prostates of the rat model group (7/10). Neither chronic inflammatory changes nor prostatic calculus was found in the control group. NB was positive in the model group, but negative in the control group. Conclusions NB infection could cause chronic prostatitis and prostatic calculus in rats.

Objective To determine the main CT features and the key points of differential diagnosis of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC) classified according to 2004 WHO pathological diagnostic criteria. Methods According to the criteria, 40 patients were divided into two groups: MCRCC group and other subtypes of cystic renal cell carcinoma (CRCC). The CT findings were evaluated and compared between two groups for cystic content, wall, septum, nodularity, calcification and enhancement. ROC curve was used to determine the cut-off value of the possible CT feature which could distinguish MCRCC from other subtypes of CRCC. Results Seventeen cases of MCRCC group and 23 cases of CRCC group were included in this study according to the diagnostic criteria. MCRCC appeared as a well defined multilocular cystic mass with thin wall and sepia and no expansile solid nodules. Thickness of cystic wall and/or septum is was main CT findings to distinguish MCRCC from other subtypes of CRCC (P ＜ 0.01 ). The cut-off value of the thickness was 6 mm and its sensibility, specificity was 89% ,75% respectively. Conclusion Cystic wall and/or septum with a thickness of less than 6 mm are the main CT findings to dis tinguish MCRCC from other subtypes of CRCC.

This study examined the association of polymorphisms in angiotensin Ⅱ receptor genes (AT1R and AT2R) with the risk for aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) in a Chinese Han population.Four polymorphisms including rs5182 (573T/C) in exon 4,rs5186 (1166A/C) in 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) in AT1R gene and rs5194 (2274G/A) in 3'-UTR,rs1403543 (1675G/A) in intron 1 in AT2R gene were detected in 148 APA patients and 192 normal subjects (serving as control) by using a MGB-Taqman probe.The distribution of genotypes of each locus was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) in the APA and control groups (P＞0.05).The allele A frequency at rs5194 was significantly higher in the APA group (0.49) than in the control group (0.35) (X2=12.08,P=0.001).Subjects with homozygotic genotype AA and heterozygotic genotype GA were at an increased risk for APA as compared to those with GG genotype (OR=2.66,95％ CI=1.45-4.87; OR=1.67,95％ CI=1.02-2.74).Furthermore,rs5194 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at AT2R gene was significantly associated with APA in additive (OR=1.64,95％ CI=1.21-2.20,P=0.001),dominant (OR=1.94,95％ CI=1.23-3.06,P=0.003),and recessive model (OR=2.01,95％ CI=1.17-3.45,P=0.01).It was concluded that rs5194 polymorphism at AT2R gene was associated with the risk for APA,which may constitute a genetic marker of APA.

This study examined the association of polymorphisms in angiotensin II receptor genes (AT (1) R and AT (2) R) with the risk for aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) in a Chinese Han population. Four polymorphisms including rs5182 (573T/C) in exon 4, rs5186 (1166A/C) in 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) in AT (1) R gene and rs5194 (2274G/A) in 3'-UTR, rs1403543 (1675G/A) in intron 1 in AT (2) R gene were detected in 148 APA patients and 192 normal subjects (serving as control) by using a MGB-Taqman probe. The distribution of genotypes of each locus was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) in the APA and control groups (P>0.05). The allele A frequency at rs5194 was significantly higher in the APA group (0.49) than in the control group (0.35) (χ (2)=12.08, P=0.001). Subjects with homozygotic genotype AA and heterozygotic genotype GA were at an increased risk for APA as compared to those with GG genotype (OR=2.66, 95% CI=1.45-4.87; OR=1.67, 95% CI=1.02-2.74). Furthermore, rs5194 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at AT (2) R gene was significantly associated with APA in additive (OR=1.64, 95% CI=1.21-2.20, P=0.001), dominant (OR=1.94, 95% CI=1.23-3.06, P=0.003), and recessive model (OR=2.01, 95% CI=1.17-3.45, P=0.01). It was concluded that rs5194 polymorphism at AT (2) R gene was associated with the risk for APA, which may constitute a genetic marker of APA.

Objective To study the role of fibulin-5 in urothelial carcinoma of bladder. Methods Fibulin-5 expression was detected in bladder cancer tissues (13 cases of G_1 and G_2, 7 cases of G_3) and normal bladder mucosa samples by Western blotting assay. Fibulin-5 cDNA was amplified by PCR and cloned into pMD-19T simple vector. The pMD-19T-Fibulin-5 vector was digested by restriction endonucleases XhoI and EcoRI to generate a XhoI-Fibulin5-EcoRI fragment that was then ligated into the identical sites in p-EGFP-Nl plasmid to synthesize p-EGFP-Fibulin-5 plasmid. The p-EGFP-Fibulin-5 plasmid was finally transfected into bladder cancer cell line 5637. The migration and invasion of untransfected, vector-transfected and fibulin-5-transfected bladder cancer cells were measured by Boyden chamber assay. Results Compared to 1. 16 ±0. 28 in the normal control, the expression of fibulin-5 protein in low grade and high grade tumors were 0. 57±0. 32 and 0. 44±0. 42(P<0. 01, respectively). However, the difference between low grade and high grade tumors was not statistically significant (P>0. 05). The successfully transfected bladder cancer cells demonstrated green fluorescent light. The migrated cell number of fibulin-5-transfected cells was 127. 6 ± 3. 1 compared with 139. 3±7. 7 for vector-transfected cells and 136. 9±5. 7 for untransfected cells (P>0. 05, respectively). In contrast, the invaded cell number of fibulin-5-transfected cells was 8. 0±3. 1 compared with 31. 5±4. 8 for vector-transfected cells and 31. 7±4. 7 for untransfected cells (P<0. 01, respectively). Conclusion Fibulin-5 is down-regulated in urothelial carcinoma of bladder and acts as a tumor suppressor gene by inhibiting the invasion of bladder cancer cells.