The theory of constitution in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has emerged as a new discipline in recent years. Constitution plays a vital role in the onset，progression，transformation，and prognosis of diseases. At present，some clinical scholars have adopted a novel diagnostic and treatment model of "constitution differentiation-disease identification-syndrome differentiation"，in which constitution is regarded as a core element throughout the diagnostic and therapeutic process. Constitution is closely associated with etiology，onset，pathogenesis，syndrome differentiation，and treatment. Against this background，the construction of animal models based on constitution holds far-reaching significance for advancing clinical research. This paper focuses on the construction and evaluation of rodent models with Qi-deficiency constitution，aiming to explore how to further induce Qi-deficiency syndromes and related disease states on the basis of Qi-deficiency constitution models，thereby developing an integrated animal model that embodies the trinity of "constitution-disease-syndrome". The establishment of this model not only provides a solid experimental foundation for the development of new therapies and drugs in TCM targeting specific constitutions，diseases，and syndromes，but also greatly promotes the modernization and scientific advancement of TCM theory. By comprehensively applying multidisciplinary technologies and methods，the study evaluates the model's validity，reliability，and practicality，with the aim of opening new avenues for future research in TCM and promoting the development of the field.

The theory of constitution in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has emerged as a new discipline in recent years. Constitution plays a vital role in the onset，progression，transformation，and prognosis of diseases. At present，some clinical scholars have adopted a novel diagnostic and treatment model of "constitution differentiation-disease identification-syndrome differentiation"，in which constitution is regarded as a core element throughout the diagnostic and therapeutic process. Constitution is closely associated with etiology，onset，pathogenesis，syndrome differentiation，and treatment. Against this background，the construction of animal models based on constitution holds far-reaching significance for advancing clinical research. This paper focuses on the construction and evaluation of rodent models with Qi-deficiency constitution，aiming to explore how to further induce Qi-deficiency syndromes and related disease states on the basis of Qi-deficiency constitution models，thereby developing an integrated animal model that embodies the trinity of "constitution-disease-syndrome". The establishment of this model not only provides a solid experimental foundation for the development of new therapies and drugs in TCM targeting specific constitutions，diseases，and syndromes，but also greatly promotes the modernization and scientific advancement of TCM theory. By comprehensively applying multidisciplinary technologies and methods，the study evaluates the model's validity，reliability，and practicality，with the aim of opening new avenues for future research in TCM and promoting the development of the field.

Objective To analyze the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)on coronary plaque burden in elderly patients.Methods A total of 120 COPD patients admitted to the Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University from January 2022 to December 2024 were prospectively enrolled and served as the COPD group.Another 120 healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group during the same period.The general clinical data and coronary plaque burden were compared between the two groups.Pearson linear correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1)and coronary plaque burden as well as left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF).Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to identify the influencing factors of total coronary plaque bur-den and calcified plaque burden.Results The COPD group had significantly larger smoking ratio and higher levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and IL-6,but obviously lower LVEF and FEV1 levels than the control group(P＜0.01).Notably increased total coronary plaque burden(38.30±8.22 vs 24.61±5.56,P＜0.01),calcified plaque burden(21.11±6.57 vs 12.54±3.65,P＜0.01)and non-calcified plaque burden(17.19±5.39 vs 12.07±3.92,P＜0.01)were observed in the COPD group than the control group.FEV1 was negatively correlated with coro-nary plaque burden,calcified plaque burden,and non-calcified plaque burden,and positively corre-lated with LVEF(P＜0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that FEV1 and IL-6 were influencing factors for both total coronary plaque burden(P＜0.01)and coronary calcified plaque burden(P＜0.01),and FEV1 was an influencing factor of non-calcified plaque burden in coronary arteries(P＜0.01).Conclusion COPD promotes the development of coronary plaque burden.So,for COPD patients,it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and early prevention of coronary plaque burden.

Objective To investigate the factors influencing the persistence of residual low back pain following percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures(OVF),in order to provide a scientific basis for clinical intervention strategies.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 1 120 patients diagnosed with OVF who received PVP treatment between July 2020 and June 2025.Among them,61 patients who experienced residual low back pain in the early postoperative period(defined as 2 days to 1 month after surgery)with a postoperative visual analog scale(VAS)score greater than 3 points were selected as the observation group.An additional 61 control subjects were matched to the observation group at a 1∶1 ratio based on age(±5 years),gender,and preoperative bone mineral density(±0.5 standard deviation).Univariate and logistic regression analyses were subsequently performed to evaluate potential influencing factors.Results Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to preoperative thoracolumbar fascia injury(TFI),MRI-detected liquefaction signals in the affected vertebrae,the number of involved vertebrae(≥2),and suboptimal bone cement distribution(P<0.05).Multivariate regression analysis confirmed that these factors were independent risk factors,with corresponding odds ratios(ORs)of 5.378,6.111,3.245,and 2.890(all P<0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of the predictive model was 0.929,indicating a high level of predictive accuracy.Conclusion Preoperative TFI,MRI-demonstrated liquefaction signals in the affected vertebrae,the presence of multiple responsible vertebrae,and suboptimal bone cement distribution may contribute to an increased risk of early residual low back pain following PVP.

Objective Under the guidance of Zhuang medicine theory,this study aims to investigate the medicinal and compatibility rules of authentic medicinal pearls.Method This article focuses on the fourth national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources—general survey of marine traditional Chinese medicine resources in Guangxi,led by Professor Lin Jiang's team from Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Guangxi Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine.The survey collected original prescriptions containing pearls,as well as data recorded in Zhuang medicine monographs containing pearls.The study integrated the efficacy,indications,pharmacology,and clinical research of pearl Zhuang medicine.Under the guidance of Zhuang medicine prescription compatibility theory,Zhuang medicine disease classification,and Zhuang medicine classification theory,this study explores the compatibility rules based on the data and functions of Zhuang medicine pearl formula.Result Zhuang medicine pearls taste sweet and salty,with a cold nature;It has the effects of activating the Qiao wu(brain),regulating Long lu(blood circulatory system)and Huo lu(nervous system),clearing heat and toxins,calming the mind,calming palpitations,relieving cough,promoting muscle growth,nourishing yin fluids,and Clearing eye mistiness;Indications:Nian nao nuo(Insomnia),Hen feng(Infantile Convulsions),Long lei(Epilepsy),Fright Palpitations,A rou tian(Diabetes),Huo yan ma(Sore throat),Bei ding(Deep-Rooted Boil),Bei nong(Sores and Ulcers),Redness and visual obstruction due to corneal opacity,Re Nong(Otitis media),Kou chuang(Oral ulcers),Da ning(Swelling and pain of eye).Based on the analysis of data on the formula of Zhuang medicine pearls,it was found that the topical use of Zhuang medicine pearls is concentrated in diseases of the ENT(Ear,Nose,and Throat),Ophthalmology,and diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.When combined with drugs such as regulating Long lu,clearing heat toxin,and eliminating dampness-toxin,it is used to treat diseases such as Redness and visual obstruction due to corneal opacity,Oral ulcers,and Skin ulcers;For internal use,it is often combined with medicines that regulating Long lu,replenishing qi and blood,eliminating dampness-toxin,and nourishing the heart-mind,used in hypertension and palpitations.When paired with the medicines of clearing heat toxin,replenishing qi and blood,regulating Qiaowu,it is used to treat insomnia and epilepsy.Based on the analysis of pearl function,it is used in combination with airway and detoxifying drugs to treat airway diseases;Combination therapy with regulating Long lu and Qiao wu(brain)medicine for the treatment of Long lu disease;Combination treatment of gynecological diseases with regulating Long lu and Huo lu medicine and Bu xu medicine;Combination therapy with heat-clearing,detoxifying,and swelling-reducing medicines or astringents,for the treatment of persistent non-healing sores and ulcers;Used in combination with antipyretic drugs and yin tonifying drugs to treat ophthalmic diseases.Conclusion Zhuang medicine pearl has a wide range of therapeutic effects,and its efficacy can be enhanced by compatibility with different Zhuang medicines.Future research can combine modern compatibility methods of traditional Chinese medicine to optimize the compatibility scheme of pearls,study the specialized disease and prescription of Zhuang medicine pearls,combine Zhuang medicine with Western medicine to form prescriptions,and combine the pharmacological effects of pearls to form prescriptions.In depth exploration of the pharmacological substance basis and mechanism of action of pearl prescriptions can be conducted to develop new Zhuang medicine preparations for pearls.

Objective To analyze the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)on coronary plaque burden in elderly patients.Methods A total of 120 COPD patients admitted to the Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University from January 2022 to December 2024 were prospectively enrolled and served as the COPD group.Another 120 healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group during the same period.The general clinical data and coronary plaque burden were compared between the two groups.Pearson linear correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1)and coronary plaque burden as well as left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF).Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to identify the influencing factors of total coronary plaque bur-den and calcified plaque burden.Results The COPD group had significantly larger smoking ratio and higher levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and IL-6,but obviously lower LVEF and FEV1 levels than the control group(P＜0.01).Notably increased total coronary plaque burden(38.30±8.22 vs 24.61±5.56,P＜0.01),calcified plaque burden(21.11±6.57 vs 12.54±3.65,P＜0.01)and non-calcified plaque burden(17.19±5.39 vs 12.07±3.92,P＜0.01)were observed in the COPD group than the control group.FEV1 was negatively correlated with coro-nary plaque burden,calcified plaque burden,and non-calcified plaque burden,and positively corre-lated with LVEF(P＜0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that FEV1 and IL-6 were influencing factors for both total coronary plaque burden(P＜0.01)and coronary calcified plaque burden(P＜0.01),and FEV1 was an influencing factor of non-calcified plaque burden in coronary arteries(P＜0.01).Conclusion COPD promotes the development of coronary plaque burden.So,for COPD patients,it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and early prevention of coronary plaque burden.

Objectives:To evaluate the hemodynamic impact of different bypass grafting methods on the left anterior descending(LAD)artery using computational fluid dynamics,providing a theoretical basis for optimizing coronary artery bypass grafting.Methods:A patient-specific 3D coronary model was constructed using SimVascular software,including an in-situ internal mammary artery graft(model 1)and three free grafts of varying diameters(model 2:2 mm internal mammary artery free graft;model 3 and model 4:3 mm and 4 mm great saphenous vein free grafts).The hemodynamic parameters of the native artery and grafts were compared among the four bypass grafting models.Results:All four bypass grafting models supply sufficient blood flow for the severely stenosed LAD.LAD flow was slightly lower in the model 1.Free internal mammary artery grafts showed higher flow and wall shear stress.4 mm great saphenous vein free grafts presented with maximum flow but lowest shear stress,3 mm great saphenous vein free grafts offered better hemodynamic stability.Conclusions:Computational fluid dynamics analysis indicates that free internal mammary grafts could provide superior hemodynamics,while larger grafts result in lower shear stress,which might affect long-term graft patency.These findings thus provide experimental evidences useful for optimizing LAD bypass strategies.

Objectives:To evaluate the hemodynamic impact of different bypass grafting methods on the left anterior descending(LAD)artery using computational fluid dynamics,providing a theoretical basis for optimizing coronary artery bypass grafting.Methods:A patient-specific 3D coronary model was constructed using SimVascular software,including an in-situ internal mammary artery graft(model 1)and three free grafts of varying diameters(model 2:2 mm internal mammary artery free graft;model 3 and model 4:3 mm and 4 mm great saphenous vein free grafts).The hemodynamic parameters of the native artery and grafts were compared among the four bypass grafting models.Results:All four bypass grafting models supply sufficient blood flow for the severely stenosed LAD.LAD flow was slightly lower in the model 1.Free internal mammary artery grafts showed higher flow and wall shear stress.4 mm great saphenous vein free grafts presented with maximum flow but lowest shear stress,3 mm great saphenous vein free grafts offered better hemodynamic stability.Conclusions:Computational fluid dynamics analysis indicates that free internal mammary grafts could provide superior hemodynamics,while larger grafts result in lower shear stress,which might affect long-term graft patency.These findings thus provide experimental evidences useful for optimizing LAD bypass strategies.

AIM:This study aims to investigate the sustained and stable drug release profile of the injectable hydrogel lidocaine(LDC)/betamethasone sodium phosphate hydrogel(BetP-Gel)and its effect on analgesic duration in a mouse model of acute incisional pain.METHODS:The drug-loaded hydrogel LDC/BetP-Gel was prepared through a sim-ple mixing process.Its physicochemical properties were characterized using electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,Fouri-er-transform infrared spectroscopy,and rheological testing.In vivo gelation and injectability were evaluated through posi-tron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET-CT)imaging and pressure variation measurements.The in vitro drug release rate was determined using a direct release method,while the degradation rate was assessed using the residual weight method.A total of thirty BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to five groups:blank group,model group,4%LDC group,BetP-Gel group,and 4%LDC/BetP-Gel group.Pain behavior was assessed using the Up-Down method and Harg-reave's test.Biocompatibility was evaluated through HE staining,and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).RESULTS:The LDC/BetP-Gel hydrogel demonstrated ex-cellent drug encapsulation and sustained release properties.Behavioral assessments indicated that the LDC/BetP-Gel group exhibited significantly higher pain thresholds compared to the model group(P＜0.05),suggesting improved postop-erative pain relief.Furthermore,the LDC/BetP-Gel group showed a markedly prolonged analgesic effect compared to the LDC group(P＜0.05).HE staining confirmed the biocompatibility of the hydrogel.ELISA results revealed a significant re-duction in inflammatory cytokine levels in the LDC/BetP-Gel group 24 hours post-surgery(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:The injectable hydrogel LDC/BetP-Gel possesses a dense and stable structure that enables effective drug loading and sus-tained release.Its ability to prolong anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects has been validated in a mouse model of acute incisional pain.

Objective To investigate the factors influencing the persistence of residual low back pain following percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures(OVF),in order to provide a scientific basis for clinical intervention strategies.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 1 120 patients diagnosed with OVF who received PVP treatment between July 2020 and June 2025.Among them,61 patients who experienced residual low back pain in the early postoperative period(defined as 2 days to 1 month after surgery)with a postoperative visual analog scale(VAS)score greater than 3 points were selected as the observation group.An additional 61 control subjects were matched to the observation group at a 1∶1 ratio based on age(±5 years),gender,and preoperative bone mineral density(±0.5 standard deviation).Univariate and logistic regression analyses were subsequently performed to evaluate potential influencing factors.Results Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to preoperative thoracolumbar fascia injury(TFI),MRI-detected liquefaction signals in the affected vertebrae,the number of involved vertebrae(≥2),and suboptimal bone cement distribution(P<0.05).Multivariate regression analysis confirmed that these factors were independent risk factors,with corresponding odds ratios(ORs)of 5.378,6.111,3.245,and 2.890(all P<0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of the predictive model was 0.929,indicating a high level of predictive accuracy.Conclusion Preoperative TFI,MRI-demonstrated liquefaction signals in the affected vertebrae,the presence of multiple responsible vertebrae,and suboptimal bone cement distribution may contribute to an increased risk of early residual low back pain following PVP.