Humans ; May-Thurner Syndrome ; Coronary Restenosis ; Constriction, Pathologic/surgery* ; Stents/adverse effects* ; Iliac Vein ; Treatment Outcome ; Retrospective Studies

Pulsed electric field (PEF) is a novel energy source by which high-voltage electric pulses are used to create irreversible electroporation. PEF is non-thermal and highly tissue-dependent in which specific targeting of the atrial myocardium is achieved and sparing of adjacent tissues is feasible, theoretically increasing the safety of the procedure, which could potentially break the trade-off between effective lesions and collateral damage and substantially improve risk-benefit ratios in atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Although recently published trials have shown a clear effect of AF ablation, large-scale clinical trials are lacking. Current clinical evidence has demonstrated significant efficacy in achieving durable pulmonary vein isolation without ablation-related adverse events. However, their putative benefits regarding efficacy, efficiency, and safety remain to be proven in randomized controlled trials.

Pulsed electric field (PEF) is a novel energy source by which high-voltage electric pulses are used to create irreversible electroporation. PEF is non-thermal and highly tissue-dependent in which specific targeting of the atrial myocardium is achieved and sparing of adjacent tissues is feasible, theoretically increasing the safety of the procedure, which could potentially break the trade-off between effective lesions and collateral damage and substantially improve risk-benefit ratios in atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Although recently published trials have shown a clear effect of AF ablation, large-scale clinical trials are lacking. Current clinical evidence has demonstrated significant efficacy in achieving durable pulmonary vein isolation without ablation-related adverse events. However, their putative benefits regarding efficacy, efficiency, and safety remain to be proven in randomized controlled trials.

Objective To investigate the effect of tissue engineered cartilage on the repair of artic ular cartilage defects in rabbits with calcium alginate gel (CAG) loaded transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-β3) and compounded with adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs).Methods The ADSCs were separated and cultured in subcutaneous fat of New Zealand white rabbits.The full-thickness articular cartilage defect model was made at the patellar groove by exposure of the femoral ankle joint.ADSCs were implanted into calcium alginate scaffolds loaded with TGF-β3 to construct tissue-engineered cartilage and transplanted into rabbit articular cartilage defects.The animals were divided into four groups:control group (injected with sterile isotonic saline),CAG group (injected with CAG),ADSCs + CAG group (injected with CAG loaded with ADSCs),TGF-β3 + CAG group (injected with CAG loaded with TGF-β3) and TGF-β3 + ADSCs + CAG group (injected with CAG loaded with TGF-β3 and ADSCs).At the end of 12 weeks,the repair of articular cartilage defects was observed by gross observation,hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining,immunohistochemical staining of safranin-O and type Ⅱ] collagen,and the scoring method developed by In ternational Association of Cartilage Repair (ICRS) Histological score.Results The cartilage repair effect of TGF-β3 + ADSCs + CAG group was better than that of other groups,not only the neonatal tissue and the surrounding normal tissue closely,but also the secretion of extracellular matrix and normal tissue similar.The ICRS scores of each group were (7.06 ±+ 0.18) score,(7.15 + 0.23) score,(7.45 + 0.25) score,(7.47 + 0.24) score and (15.78 ±+ 0.24) score.That of TGF-β3 + ADSCs + CAG group was better than that of other groups,the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions CAG loaded with TGF-β3 and combined with ADSCs has a good effect in repairing articular cartilage defects in rabbits,and is a structural repair.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of dynamic contrast enhanced MR imaging (DCE-MRI)in prostate cancer (PCa)at 3.0T,and to evaluate the diagnostic value of DCE-MRI.Methods 85 patients with suepected PCa received conventional MRI and DCE-MRI.The signal intense-time (SI-T)curve was analyzed.Then the time to maximum (Tmax),the maximum degree of enhancement (STmax%),and the rate of enhancement (Rmax)were calculated.The differences of styles of SI-T curve and the parameters between the positive and negative group were compared respectively.Results 59 cases of PCa were proved by biopsy,and there was no evidence of tumor in 26 cases.507 zones had histopathological results with 250 zones in positive group and 257 zones in negative group .The most common style of SI-T curve in positive group was rapidly ascending followed with descending curve,the most common style of SI-T curve in negative group was persistent ascending curve and plateau curve.The mean values of Tmax,SImax%,Rmax were (69.49±22.53)s,1.74±0.43,7.83±3.80 in positive group respectively,while (175.61±52.64)s,1.05±0.35,1.86±1.10 in negative group respectively,there were statistically significant differences between the two groups(t =-24.24,1 6.34,1 7.75,P <0.01)respectively. The mean values of Tmax,SImax% ,Rmax were (8 9 .1 9 ± 3 1 .7 2 )s,1 .5 8 ± 0 .4 6 ,5 .2 1 ± 3 .3 4 in the low-risk group (Gleason score 2 - 6 )respectively,while (64.25±14.68)s,1.76±0.43,8.25±3.70 in the high-risk group (Gleason score 7-10)respectively, there were statistically significant differences between them(t = 7.09,-8.74,- 7.83,P <0.01).Conclusion 3.0T DCE-MRI has great value in the diagnosis of PCa.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the risk of breast cancer and abortions among nulliparous women. Methods Searched the data of Cochrane Library and PubMed before June 2014 to identify potentially studies which involved the relationship between the risk of breast cancer and abortions among nulliparous women. Data was extracted by two independent authors from each study. STATA software was used for statistical analysis. Calculated the pooled RR and 95% CI as the assessment of the link between abortions and breast cancer in fixed effects models. Results 13 studies were included. The study showed the RR and 95%CI of the relationship between the risk of breast cancer and abortions was 0. 98[0. 89,1. 08],P>0. 05 in nulliparous women, and the number of abortions was not associated with the risk of breast cancer. The RR and 95%CI of the relationship between the risk of breast cancer and induced abortions or spontaneous abor-tions were 0. 96[0. 88,1. 04],1. 01[0. 88,1. 14], respectively. Conclusion There is no correlation between breast cancer and abortions a-mong the nulliparous women, and the risk of breast cancer would not increas as the number of abortions increase.

Objective To evaluate the effect of intrathecal ganglioside GM-1 on chronic central pain (CCP) following spinal cord injury in rats.Methods Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 220-250 g,in which intrathecal catheters were successfully implanted,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C); group CCP; normal saline group (group N) and ganglioside GM-1 group (group GM).CCP was induced according to modified Allen method in CCP,N and GM groups.In group GM,ganglioside GM-1 20 mg/kg was injected intrathecally once a day,for 5 consecutive days,starting from 14th day after CCP,while the equal volume of nomal saline 10 μl was injected intrathecally in group N.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 4,8,16,24 and 48 h after the end of administration.The rats were then sacrificedat at 7 d after the end of adminmistration and L1 segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of NMDA receptor 1 (NR1) by immuno-histochemistry.Results Compared with group C,MWT and TWL were significantly decreased,and NR1 expression was up-regulated in CCP and N groups (P ＜ 0.01),and no significant changes were found in MWT,TWL and NR1 expression in group GM (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group CCP,no significant changes were found in MWT,TWL and NR1 expression in group N (P ＞ 0.05),and MWT and TWL were significantly increased,and NR1 expression was down-regulated in group GM (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ganglioside GM-1 can alleviate CCP following spinal cord injury in rats and inhibition of expression of NR1 in the spinal cord may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective To explore the effect of airway humidification on lung injury as a result of mechanical ventilation with different tidal volume(VT). Methods Twenty-four male Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups:low VT with airway humidification group,high VT with airway humidification group,low VT and high VT group without humidification,with 6 rabbits in each group. Mechanical ventilation was started after intubation and lasted for 6 hours. Low VT denoted 8 mL/kg,while high VT was 16 mL/kg,fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)denoted 0.40,positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP)was 0. Temperature at Y piece of circuit in airway humidification groups was monitored and controlled at 40℃. Arterial blood gas analysis,including pH value,arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2),arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2),lung mechanics indexes, including peak airway pressure(Ppeak)and airway resistance(Raw),and lung compliance was measured at 0,2,4, 6 hours of mechanical ventilation. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-8(IL-8)in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The animals were sacrificed at the end of mechanical ventilation. The wet to dry(W/D)ratio of lung tissues was calculated. Histopathologic changes in the lung tissueies were observed with microscope,and lung injury score was calculated. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies were used to examine the integrity of the airway cilia and the tracheal epithelium. Results Compared with low VT group,pH value in high VT group was significantly increased,PaCO2 was significantly lowered,and no difference in PaO2 was found. Ppeak,Raw,and lung compliance were significantly increased during mechanical ventilation. There were no significant differences in blood gas analysis and lung mechanics indexes between low VT with airway humidification group and low VT group. Compared with high VT group,PaCO2 in high VT with airway humidification group was significantly decreased,Ppeak raised obviously,and no difference in pH value,PaO2,Raw and pulmonary compliance was found. Compared with low VT with airway humidification group,no difference in blood gas analysis(PaCO2,mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)was found,but Ppeak(cmH2O,1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa),Raw(cmH2O),and lung compliance(mL/cmH2O)were increased significantly in high VT with airway humidification group(PaCO2 at 2 hours:27.96±4.64 vs. 36.08±2.11,4 hours:28.62±2.93 vs. 34.55±5.50, 6 hours:29.33±2.14 vs. 35.01±5.53;Ppeak at 0 hour:14.34±1.97 vs. 8.84±1.32,2 hours:17.33±0.52 vs. 11.17±2.14,4 hours:17.83±0.98 vs. 12.67±2.06,6 hours:18.67±1.22 vs. 13.50±2.16;Raw at 0 hour:37.36±5.14 vs. 27.05±2.93,2 hours:43.94±6.58 vs. 31.95±3.56,4 hours:48.04±6.07 vs. 35.24±3.50, 6 hours:50.33±6.34 vs. 36.66±3.64;pulmonary compliance at 6 hours:2.28±0.18 vs. 1.86±0.37,all P<0.05). The lung W/D ratio in high VT group was significantly higher than that of the low VT group(6.17±2.14 vs. 3.50±1.52, P<0.05). W/D in high VT with airway humidification group was higher than that of low VT with airway humidification group but without statistically significant difference(5.17±2.14 vs. 3.00±1.10,P>0.05). Microscopic observation showed that cilia were partially detached,adhered and sparse in low VT group,while cilia in high VT group showed serious detachment and lodging. Remaining cilia were sparse,with lodging,and cellular structure was damaged. Lung tissue pathological injury score in the high VT group was significantly higher than that of low VT group(6.17±2.14 vs. 3.50±1.52,P<0.05). Cilia density and cellularity were normal in low VT with airway humidification group,and no difference in lung tissue pathological injury score was found compared with low VT group(3.00±1.10 vs. 3.50±1.52, P>0.05). Cilia were severely detached,adhered and lodging,and cellularity were not obvious in high VT with airway humidification group,and lung tissue pathological injury score was elevated significantly than that of the low VT with airway humidification group but without statistically significant difference(5.17±2.14 vs. 3.00±1.10,P>0.05). TNF-α and IL-8 concentrations showed no change in plasma and BALF in all groups during ventilation,and no significant difference was found among the groups. Conclusions Airway humidification can alleviate pathological lung injury,damage of cilia and cellular structure in trachea caused by mechanical ventilation with low and high VT. High VT with humidification can result in serious pulmonary edema.

Proceeding from the concept and content of university culture,the writer elaborated the positive effect the university culture has in the quality improvement of the college students and how to develop university culture so as to advance the quality education.