Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors of the digestive system worldwide, characterized by continuously rising incidence and mortality rates. Despite significant advancements in therapeutic approaches, the prognosis for advanced-stage CRC remains unsatisfactory, highlighting the urgent need to explore novel molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Ferroptosis, a form of programmed cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, plays a crucial role in cancer occurrence, progression, and treatment resistance. Activation of ferroptosis significantly suppresses tumor cell growth. Further investigation into the mechanisms of ferroptosis in CRC occurrence, progression, and treatment could provide valuable insights for both basic and clinical research on CRC.

Objective To explore how digital and intelligent technologies can optimize the storage allocation and picking paths for Traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces.Methods Based on prescription information and medicine data from the hospital information system(HIS),this study employs MATLAB programming to use an integer linear programming(ILP)algorithm for optimizing the storage allocation of Traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces.Additionally,a greedy algorithm is applied to optimize the picking paths to reduce the picking distance for pharmacists.Finally,an independent samples paired t-test is used to analyze the experimental data to verify the significance of the optimizations.Results A total of 7 734 prescriptions were collected from the HIS.The results of storage optimization showed that the total distance before optimization was(87.58±0.29)m,which was reduced to(85.35±0.28)m after optimization(P﹤0.000 1).The picking path optimization results showed that the picking path was(85.35±0.28)m before optimization and(40.06±0.11)m after optimization(P﹤0.000 1).The results of the independent samples paired t-test indicate that the path was significantly reduced after both storage and picking path optimizations,with statistical significance.Conclusion By using digital and intelligent methods,informatics pharmacists can effectively shorten the picking paths for Traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces,improve dispensing efficiency,and reduce patient waiting times.

Objective To explore how digital and intelligent technologies can optimize the storage allocation and picking paths for Traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces.Methods Based on prescription information and medicine data from the hospital information system(HIS),this study employs MATLAB programming to use an integer linear programming(ILP)algorithm for optimizing the storage allocation of Traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces.Additionally,a greedy algorithm is applied to optimize the picking paths to reduce the picking distance for pharmacists.Finally,an independent samples paired t-test is used to analyze the experimental data to verify the significance of the optimizations.Results A total of 7 734 prescriptions were collected from the HIS.The results of storage optimization showed that the total distance before optimization was(87.58±0.29)m,which was reduced to(85.35±0.28)m after optimization(P﹤0.000 1).The picking path optimization results showed that the picking path was(85.35±0.28)m before optimization and(40.06±0.11)m after optimization(P﹤0.000 1).The results of the independent samples paired t-test indicate that the path was significantly reduced after both storage and picking path optimizations,with statistical significance.Conclusion By using digital and intelligent methods,informatics pharmacists can effectively shorten the picking paths for Traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces,improve dispensing efficiency,and reduce patient waiting times.

Objective Exploring the predictive value of amplitude integrated electroencephalography(aEEG)and brainstem auditory evoked potentials(BAEP)in cognitive and affective disorders related to cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD).Methods Retrospectively,100 patients with CSVD who visited the Department of Neurology at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2021 to February 2024 were included in the CSVD group.From January 2021 to February 2024,100 healthy people who underwent physical examination in the Physical Examination Center of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and matched with the CSVD group for age and sex were prospectively included as the control group.Basic and clinical data were collected and compared between the CSVD group and the control group,including age,sex,years of education,hypertension,diabetes,smoking,drinking,total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),C-reactive protein(CRP),galactin-3(Gal-3),cystatin C,homocysteine(Hcy),blood Tau protein,and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP).Cognitive function was assessed using the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)and the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scale,with a MMSE score＜24 and a MoCA score＜25 indicating cognitive impairment.affective disorders were assessed using the Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA)and the Hamilton depression scale(HAMD),with a HAMA score ≥ 14 or a HAMD score ≥20 indicating the presence of affective disorders.The scores of the above four scales were compared between the CSVD group and the control group.aEEG and BAEP data were collected and compared between the CSVD group and the control group.aEEG results were evaluated based on a composite score of background activity stability,sleep-wake cycle,lower boundary amplitude,and narrowband width,with a score of 0-3 indicating aEEG abnormalities.In the BAEP waveform,the Ⅰ,Ⅲ,and Ⅴ waves and the inter-wave intervals of Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ were observed and recorded,along with their peak latencies and inter-peak latencies.If the latency of each wave is prolonged＞mean+3 standard deviations and/or the interwave period is prolonged＞mean+3 standard deviations,it was considered a BAEP abnormality.CSVD patients were divided into cognitive impairment and non-cognitive impairment based on MMSE scale score and MoCA scale score,and all CSVD patients were divided into affective disorder and non-affective disorder based on HAMA score and HAMD score.The independent variables with statistically significant differences and no collinearity in the univariate analysis of cognitive and affective disorders in CSVD patients were included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis,and the statistically significant factors were used to form the multivariate model.The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the multi-factor model for CSVD-related cognitive and affective disorders.Results(1)The proportion of hypertension patients,the levels of CRP,Gal-3,cystatin C,Hcy,Tau protein,GFAP,HAMA and HAMD scores in the CSVD group were higher than those in the control group(all P＜0.05),and the MMSE and MoCA scale were lower than those in the control group(both P＜0.05).The scores of continuity,sleep-wake cycle,lower boundary amplitude and narrow band width of aEEG in the CSVD group were lower than those in the control group(all P＜0.05).The peak latency and interpeak latency of BAEP in the CSVD group were higher than those in the control group(all P＜0.05).(2)There were 52 patients with cognitive impairment and 48 patients with non-cognitive impairment in CSVD patients.There were 36 patients with affective disorder and 64 patients with non-affective disorder.There were 17patients with both cognitive and affective disorders.The age,Tau protein,GFAP,the proportion of patients with abnormal aEEG and the proportion of patients with abnormal BAEP in patients with cognitive impairment were higher than those in patients without cognitive impairment(all P＜0.05).The age of patients with affective disorder,the proportion of patients with abnormal aEEG and the proportion of patients with abnormal BAEP were higher than those of patients without affective disorder(all P＜0.05).(3)Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of cognitive impairment in patients with abnormal aEEG CSVD was 4.364 times higher than that in patients with normal aEEG CSVD(OR,4.364,95％CI 1.554-12.252,P=0.005).The risk of cognitive impairment in patients with abnormal BAEP CSVD was 3.218 times higher than that in patients with normal BAEP CSVD(OR,3.218,95％CI 1.218-8.503,P=0.018).The ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the multi-factor model jointly constructed by aEEG abnormalities and BAEP abnormalities for CSVD cognitive impairment.The results showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.732,the sensitivity was 76.38％,and the specificity was 82.59％.(4)Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of affective disorder in patients with abnormal aEEG CSVD was 3.203 times higher than that in patients with normal aEEG CSVD(OR,3.203,95％CI 1.288-7.966,P=0.012).The risk of affective disorder in patients with abnormal BAEP CSVD was 2.553 times higher than that in patients with normal BAEP CSVD(OR,2.553,95％CI 1.011-6.446,P=0.047).The ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the multi-factor model jointly constructed by aEEG abnormalities and BAEP abnormalities for CSVD affective disorders.The results showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.700,the sensitivity was 74.21％,and the specificity was 83.49％.Conclusions The abnormality of aEEG and BAEP are important factors in constructing the prediction model of cognitive and affective disorders in CSVD patients.The multi-factor model constructed by aEEG and BAEP has certain value in predicting CSVD-related cognitive and affective disorders.

Objective To establish a three-dimensional visualization model of complex anal fistula based on high-resolution mag-netic resonance imaging(HR-MRI),and to explore its feasibility and clinical application value.Methods The clinical and imaging data of 26 patients with complex anal fistula were analyzed retrospectively,and a three-dimensional visualization model based on HR-MRI images was established.The Parks typing,internal orifice,external orifice,branch fistula and abscess were evaluated by radiolo-gists and anorectal surgeons in HR-MRI images and the three-dimensional visualization model,and the SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the assessment results against the clinical surgery one by one.Results A total of 26 patients had 17 trans sphincteric fis-tulas,7 inter sphincteric fistulas,and 2 suprasphincteric fistulas,and the accuracy of Parks typing based on HR-MRI images and three-dimensional visualization model was 100％;26 patients had a total of 33 internal orifices,and the evaluation of internal orifices based on HR-MRI images was better than that of three-dimensional visualization model(P=0.180 vs P=0.022);15 patients had a total of 32 external orifices,and the evaluation of external orifices based on three-dimensional visualization model was better than that of HR-MRI images(P=0.791 vs P=0.049);20 patients had perianal abscesses,and the evaluations based on HR-MRI images and three-dimensional visualization model were both highly accurate(P=0.549 vs P=0.625);18 patients with branch fistula,the evaluation of branch fistula based on three-dimensional visualization model was significantly better than that of HR-MRI images(P=1.000 vs P＜0.001).Conclusion Based on three-dimensional visualization model of HR-MRI,the evaluation of complex anal fistula Parks typing,external orifice,branch fistula and abscess is more accurate,which is worthy of further research and promotion.

Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog(KRAS)is a type of gene closely related to human tumors.And it's an important medical index to access the tumor development,prognosis and the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy.RAS mutations,in which KRAS mutations account for up to 85%,are the most common oncogenic driving mutations in human tumors.The most frequent KRAS mutation sites are codons 12,13,61 and 146.Codon G12,as the most frequently mutated one,can be divided into multiple subtypes,with G12D mutation being the most common,followed by G12V,G12C,etc.Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the tumors with the highest frequency of KRAS mutations.Both G12D and G12V are the most common mutation subtypes in CRC.In the field of treatments for CRC with KRAS mutations,targeted therapy had not been possible until the release of KRASG12C inhibitors in 2013,and new drugs have been developed one after another since then.This study summarized the mutations of KRAS and the advances in clinical research,including the latest advances in targeted drugs,chemotherapy drugs,immunotherapy drugs,ferroptosis,and other treatment methods.Among them,in terms of targeted drugs,this review explored KRASG12C inhibitors(sotorasib,adagrasib,D-1553,IBI351,etc.),anti-angiogenic drugs(monoclonal antibodies such as bevacizumab,remdesizumab,etc),small molecule multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as sunitinib,etc.In terms of immunotherapy drugs,there have also been many advances,such as the ARETHUSA clinical trial,which found that temozolomide reduced the tumor mutational burden(TMB)of O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase(MGMT)deficiency and RAS mutation in patients with advanced metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC),providing innovative ideas for patient immunotherapy.For example,the combination of xindilimab with bevacizumab,oxaliplatin,and capecitabine can be used for first-line treatment of RAS mutations,microsatellite stability(MSS),and unresectable mCRC.Relevant studies have shown that the combination therapy has good therapeutic potential and controllable tolerability safety.This review explored the mechanisms of KRAS mutations and the latest advances in clinical research and treatment,in order to provide reference for the treatment of KRAS mutated colorectal cancer.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of rotator cuff repair surgery in treating proximal humeral fractures and its association with patient age and Neer classification.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 90 patients with proximal humeral fractures who underwent rotator cuff repair surgery at the Marine Police Corps Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force between January 2020 and January 2023. The clinical data of these patients were retrieved from the hospital's medical record database. Based on the age distribution of the patients, they were divided into four groups: Group 1 (> 18 years old and < 30 years old, n = 10), Group 2 (≥ 30 years old and < 45 years old, n = 15), Group 3 (≥ 45 years old and < 60 years old, n = 40), and Group 4 (> 60 years old, n = 25). There were no statistically significant differences in baseline data among the four groups (all P > 0.05), indicating comparability. Additionally, these patients were divided into three groups based on Neer classification: Group I (Neer type II, n = 28), Group II (Neer type III, n = 30), and Group III (Neer type IV, n = 32). Differences in various outcome measures related to treatment efficacy, including operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, Constant-Murley score, Neer shoulder function score, and the overall incidence of postoperative complications, were recorded and compared across different age groups. Overall efficacy was assessed according to the Neer criteria: > 90 points as excellent, 80-89 as good, 70-79 as fair, and < 70 as poor. Results:After 6 months of surgery, the overall clinical treatment effectiveness rate was 95.56% (86/90). At 2 weeks postoperatively, the VAS score was (3.45 ± 1.35) points, which was significantly decreased compared with the level measured preoperatively ( P < 0.05). At 6 months postoperatively, the Constant-Murley score and Neer shoulder function score were (90.34 ± 6.34) points and (86.34 ± 5.46) points, respectively (both P < 0.05), which were significantly increased compared with the levels measured preoperatively. There were significant differences in fracture healing time ( F = 4.89, P < 0.05), intraoperative blood loss ( F = 5.28, P < 0.05), VAS score ( F = 5.02, P < 0.05), and Neer shoulder function score ( F = 5.32, P < 0.05) and Constant-Murley scores ( F = 3.85, P < 0.05) compared with before treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall incidence of postoperative complications or surgical time among Groups 1, 2, 3,and 4 [0 vs. 5.00% (2/40) vs. 6.67% (1/15) vs. 12.00% (3/25), χ2 = 0.98, P > 0.05]. Group III had longer surgical time and fracture healing time compared with Groups I and II ( F = 4.55, 4.23, both P < 0.05), with greater intraoperative blood loss ( F = 5.24, both P < 0.05). Additionally, Group III had a higher VAS score compared with Groups I and II ( F = 5.06, P < 0.05), while the Neer shoulder joint function score and Constant-Murley score in Group III were lower ( F = 3.83, 4.56, both P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the overall incidence of postoperative complications among the Groups I, II, and III [9.38% (3/32) vs. 3.57% (1/28) vs. 6.67% (2/30), χ2 = 1.00, all P > 0.05]. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between patient age, Neer classification, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, and VAS score ( r = 0.565, all P < 0.05), and a negative correlation with the Neer shoulder joint function score ( r = -0.620, P < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between patient age, Neer classification, and the Constant-Murley score ( r = -0.008, P > 0.05). Conclusion:The rotator cuff repair is effective in treating proximal humeral fractures, but the effectiveness varies depending on patient age and Neer classification. Patient age and Neer classification are positively correlated with intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, and VAS score, while they are negatively correlated with the Neer shoulder joint function score.

Objective To compare the analgesic efficacy of combined ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block(TPVB)with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)versus simple PCIA after open partial hepatic resection.Methods A total of 120 patients undergoing elective open partial liver resection in our hospital from September 2020 to September 2022 were prospectively recru ited,and then randomly divided into the TPVB+PCIA group(Group A)and simple PCIA group(Group B),with 60 patients in each group.Finally,there were 112 patients meeting the criteria and completing statistical analysis.The patients in Group A underwent TPVB at T8～T9 in the left lateral position before anesthesia induction,with injection of 0.33％30 mL ropivacaine.The patients in Group B had no above treatment.Both groups were given PCIA analgesia pump after surgery.The main outcome measures were analgesia levels at 4,8,12,24 and 48 h after surgery and VAS pain scores at rest and activity.The secondary outcome measures included mean ventricular rate and mean arterial pressure during operation,time required for the first postoperative analgesia relief,number of patients for the first postoperative analgesia relief 48 h after the operation,time for the first postoperative ground exercise,time for postoperative anal exhaust,total number of postoperative hospital days,and incidence of postoperative adverse reactions.Results Compared with the patients of Group B,those of Group A had significantly lower scores of resting VAS and exercise VAS scores at 4,8,12 and 24 h after operation(P＜0.001),decreased mean heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure during operation(P＜0.01),less cumulative consumption of tramadol within 48 h(P=0.018),extended time for first postoperative analgesic need(P＜0.001),decreased average number of PCIA effective compressions and number of relief analgesia(P＜0.001),and advanced time of first ground movement and anal exhaust(P＜0.001).But,there were no significant differences in VAS scores at 48 h after surgery,total length of postoperative hospital stay and incidence of postoperative adverse reactions between the 2 groups.Conclusion Combined TPVB+PCIA shows better analgesic effect than simple PCIA for open partial hepatectomy,and it can obtain more stable intraoperative circulation and promote rapid postoperative recovery.

Objective:To investigate the correlation factors of complete clinical response in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies(IIMs)patients receiving conventional treatment.Methods:Patients diagnosed with IIMs hospitalized in Peking University People's Hospital from January 2000 to June 2023 were in-cluded.The correlation factors of complete clinical response to conventional treatment were identified by analyzing the clinical characteristics,laboratory features,peripheral blood lymphocytes,immunological indicators,and therapeutic drugs.Results:Among the 635 patients included,518 patients finished the follow-up,with an average time of 36.8 months.The total complete clinical response rate of IIMs was 50.0％(259/518).The complete clinical response rate of dermatomyositis(DM),anti-synthetase syn-drome(ASS)and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy(IMNM)were 53.5％,48.9％and 39.0％,respectively.Fever(P=0.002)and rapid progressive interstitial lung disease(RP-ILD)(P=0.014)were observed much more frequently in non-complete clinical response group than in complete clinical re-sponse group.The aspartate transaminase(AST),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),D-dimer,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),C-reaction protein(CRP)and serum ferritin were significantly higher in non-complete clinical response group as compared with complete clinical response group.As for the treat-ment,the percentage of glucocorticoid received and intravenous immunoglobin(IVIG)were significantly higher in non-complete clinical response group than in complete clinical response group.Risk factor analysis showed that IMNM subtype(P=0.007),interstitial lung disease(ILD)(P=0.001),eleva-ted AST(P=0.012),elevated serum ferritin(P=0.016)and decreased count of CD4+T cells in peripheral blood(P=0.004)might be the risk factors for IIMs non-complete clinical response.Conclu-sion:The total complete clinical response rate of IIMs is low,especially for IMNM subtype.More effec-tive intervention should be administered to patients with ILD,elevated AST,elevated serum ferritin or decreased count of CD4+T cells at disease onset.

Objective Exploring the predictive value of amplitude integrated electroencephalography(aEEG)and brainstem auditory evoked potentials(BAEP)in cognitive and affective disorders related to cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD).Methods Retrospectively,100 patients with CSVD who visited the Department of Neurology at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2021 to February 2024 were included in the CSVD group.From January 2021 to February 2024,100 healthy people who underwent physical examination in the Physical Examination Center of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and matched with the CSVD group for age and sex were prospectively included as the control group.Basic and clinical data were collected and compared between the CSVD group and the control group,including age,sex,years of education,hypertension,diabetes,smoking,drinking,total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),C-reactive protein(CRP),galactin-3(Gal-3),cystatin C,homocysteine(Hcy),blood Tau protein,and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP).Cognitive function was assessed using the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)and the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scale,with a MMSE score＜24 and a MoCA score＜25 indicating cognitive impairment.affective disorders were assessed using the Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA)and the Hamilton depression scale(HAMD),with a HAMA score ≥ 14 or a HAMD score ≥20 indicating the presence of affective disorders.The scores of the above four scales were compared between the CSVD group and the control group.aEEG and BAEP data were collected and compared between the CSVD group and the control group.aEEG results were evaluated based on a composite score of background activity stability,sleep-wake cycle,lower boundary amplitude,and narrowband width,with a score of 0-3 indicating aEEG abnormalities.In the BAEP waveform,the Ⅰ,Ⅲ,and Ⅴ waves and the inter-wave intervals of Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ were observed and recorded,along with their peak latencies and inter-peak latencies.If the latency of each wave is prolonged＞mean+3 standard deviations and/or the interwave period is prolonged＞mean+3 standard deviations,it was considered a BAEP abnormality.CSVD patients were divided into cognitive impairment and non-cognitive impairment based on MMSE scale score and MoCA scale score,and all CSVD patients were divided into affective disorder and non-affective disorder based on HAMA score and HAMD score.The independent variables with statistically significant differences and no collinearity in the univariate analysis of cognitive and affective disorders in CSVD patients were included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis,and the statistically significant factors were used to form the multivariate model.The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the multi-factor model for CSVD-related cognitive and affective disorders.Results(1)The proportion of hypertension patients,the levels of CRP,Gal-3,cystatin C,Hcy,Tau protein,GFAP,HAMA and HAMD scores in the CSVD group were higher than those in the control group(all P＜0.05),and the MMSE and MoCA scale were lower than those in the control group(both P＜0.05).The scores of continuity,sleep-wake cycle,lower boundary amplitude and narrow band width of aEEG in the CSVD group were lower than those in the control group(all P＜0.05).The peak latency and interpeak latency of BAEP in the CSVD group were higher than those in the control group(all P＜0.05).(2)There were 52 patients with cognitive impairment and 48 patients with non-cognitive impairment in CSVD patients.There were 36 patients with affective disorder and 64 patients with non-affective disorder.There were 17patients with both cognitive and affective disorders.The age,Tau protein,GFAP,the proportion of patients with abnormal aEEG and the proportion of patients with abnormal BAEP in patients with cognitive impairment were higher than those in patients without cognitive impairment(all P＜0.05).The age of patients with affective disorder,the proportion of patients with abnormal aEEG and the proportion of patients with abnormal BAEP were higher than those of patients without affective disorder(all P＜0.05).(3)Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of cognitive impairment in patients with abnormal aEEG CSVD was 4.364 times higher than that in patients with normal aEEG CSVD(OR,4.364,95％CI 1.554-12.252,P=0.005).The risk of cognitive impairment in patients with abnormal BAEP CSVD was 3.218 times higher than that in patients with normal BAEP CSVD(OR,3.218,95％CI 1.218-8.503,P=0.018).The ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the multi-factor model jointly constructed by aEEG abnormalities and BAEP abnormalities for CSVD cognitive impairment.The results showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.732,the sensitivity was 76.38％,and the specificity was 82.59％.(4)Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of affective disorder in patients with abnormal aEEG CSVD was 3.203 times higher than that in patients with normal aEEG CSVD(OR,3.203,95％CI 1.288-7.966,P=0.012).The risk of affective disorder in patients with abnormal BAEP CSVD was 2.553 times higher than that in patients with normal BAEP CSVD(OR,2.553,95％CI 1.011-6.446,P=0.047).The ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the multi-factor model jointly constructed by aEEG abnormalities and BAEP abnormalities for CSVD affective disorders.The results showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.700,the sensitivity was 74.21％,and the specificity was 83.49％.Conclusions The abnormality of aEEG and BAEP are important factors in constructing the prediction model of cognitive and affective disorders in CSVD patients.The multi-factor model constructed by aEEG and BAEP has certain value in predicting CSVD-related cognitive and affective disorders.