Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of preoperative positron emission computed-tomography(PET-CT)examination for lymph node metastasis in early non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods A total of 232 early-stage NSCLC patients who underwent preoperative PET-CT examination and radical surgery for lung cancer in the hospital from January 2019 to April 2023 were selected.Clinical data,PET-CT examination results,and lymph node dissection pathology were collected to calculate the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of PET-CT diagnosis of NSCLC lymph node metastasis.The maximum standard uptake value(SUVmax)of the primary lesion and the predic-tive value of lymph node SUVmax for early NSCLC lymph node metastasis were evaluated by the receiver op-erating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The accuracy of PET-CT examination in the diagnosis of NSCLC was 95.69％,the accuracy of lymph node metastasis diagnosis was 85.78％,the sensitivity was 35.56％,the specificity was 97.86％,the positive predictive value was 80.00％,and the negative predictive value was 86.32％.There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of PET-CT examination and path-ological results among pulmonary nodules of different natures and sizes(P＜0.01).For predicting lymph node metastasis in NSCLC,the cutoff point of SUVmax in the primary lesion was 3.83(P＜0.001),and the cutoff point of SUVmax in lymph nodes was 3.07(P＜0.001).Conclusion In early NSCLC,preoperative PET-CT examination has a high diagnostic accuracy for ground glass nodule lymph node metastasis,but its di-agnostic value for solid nodule lymph node metastasis is limited and insufficient to guide lymph node dissec-tion.Primary lesion SUVmax≥3.83 or lymph node SUVmax≥3.07 are high-risk factors for early lymph node metastasis in lung cancer.

Acute lung injury (ALI) has been a kind of acute and severe disease that is mainly characterized by systemic uncontrolled inflammatory response to the production of huge amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the lung tissue. Given the critical role of ROS in ALI, a Fe₃O₄ loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanocluster (BF) was developed to act as a nanomedicine for the treatment of ALI. Combining with NIR irradiation, it exhibited excellent ROS scavenging capacity. Significantly, it also displayed the excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions for lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced macrophages (RAW264.7), and Sprague Dawley rats via lowering intracellular ROS levels, reducing inflammatory factors expression levels, inducing macrophage M2 polarization, inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway, increasing CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cell ratios, as well as upregulating HSP70 and CD31 expression levels to reprogram redox homeostasis, reduce systemic inflammation, activate immunoregulation, and accelerate lung tissue repair, finally achieving the synergistic enhancement of ALI immunotherapy. It finally provides an effective therapeutic strategy of BF + NIR for the management of inflammation related diseases.

Schizophrenia (SZ) stands as a severe psychiatric disorder. This study applied diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data in conjunction with graph neural networks to distinguish SZ patients from normal controls (NCs) and showcases the superior performance of a graph neural network integrating combined fractional anisotropy and fiber number brain network features, achieving an accuracy of 73.79% in distinguishing SZ patients from NCs. Beyond mere discrimination, our study delved deeper into the advantages of utilizing white matter brain network features for identifying SZ patients through interpretable model analysis and gene expression analysis. These analyses uncovered intricate interrelationships between brain imaging markers and genetic biomarkers, providing novel insights into the neuropathological basis of SZ. In summary, our findings underscore the potential of graph neural networks applied to multimodal DTI data for enhancing SZ detection through an integrated analysis of neuroimaging and genetic features.
Humans ; Schizophrenia/pathology* ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging/methods* ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Brain/metabolism* ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; White Matter/pathology* ; Gene Expression ; Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging* ; Graph Neural Networks

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture auricular acupuncture points on depression-like behaviors and ventral dorsal tegmental area(VTA)TH,DRD1 and DRD2 induced in well acute stress disorder(ASD)mice.Methods Experiment 1:18 male C57 mice were divided into 9 control and 9 model mice.Behavioural paradigms such as forced swimming test(FST)and tail suspension test(TST)were used to detect depression-like behaviors in the mice starting on day 5 and day 36;double-labelled staining for immediate early gene protein(C-Fos)and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)was detected in the VTA of the mice by immunofluorescence.Experiment 2:45 male C57 mice were divided into 15 mice each in the control groups,model groups and electroacupuncture groups.30 days after completion of the electroacupuncture intervention,the mice were tested for depressive behaviors using behavioural paradigms such as FST and TST;dopamine receptor D1(DRD1)and dopamine receptor D2(DRD2)was detected in the VTA of mice in each group using fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot techniques;the number of TH neurons in the brain area of the VTA of mice was observed by immunofluorescence.Results Experiment 1:Compared with the control group,the immobile duration of the model group increased in the TST(P<0.001)and FST(P<0.001)on day 5 and day 6,and the immobile duration of the model group increased in the TST(P<0.01)and FST(P<0.01)on day 36 and day 37;compared with the control group,the number of C-Fos and TH fluorescence double-labelled neurons in the model group increased(P<0.05).Experiment 2:At day after completion of the electroacupuncture intervention,the immobile duration of TST(P<0.01)and FST(P<0.01)were decreased in the electroacupuncture group compared with the model group;compared with the control group,DRD1 mRNA(P<0.001)and protein expression(P<0.01)were increased in the VTA of the electroacupuncture group,and DRD2 mRNA(P<0.001)and protein expression(P<0.05)were decreased,TH protein expression(P<0.05)increased,and the number of TH neurons increased(P<0.01).Conclusion Early intervention with auricular electroacupuncture points has an ameliorative effect on depression-like behaviors induced by acute stress disorder in mice,which may be achieved by modulating the activity level of dopaminergic neurons and the expression level of DRD1 and DRD2 in the VTA.

Objective:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture on depression in chronic pain mice; To explore its mechanism.Methods:36 C57BL/6J mice were divided into a blank control group, a sham-operation group, a model group, and an electroacupuncture group using a random number table method, with 9 mice in each group. The chronic compression injury model of sciatic nerve was established in the model group and electroacupuncture group. Mechanical pain threshold (MWT) and latent heat wave leg reflex (TWL) were measured on preoperative day 1 and postoperative days 4, 7, 14, 21, and 35. Electroacupuncture treatment was performed on the 14th day after modeling, and on the 35th day after modeling, open field experiments, elevated cross maze experiments, forced swimming experiments, and tail suspension experiments were conducted to evaluate depressive like behavior in mice. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of glutamate receptor 1 (GluA1), glutamate receptor 2 (GluA2), human glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3), and calmodulin dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMKⅡ) in the hippocampus of each group of mice; GluA1 positive cells in the hippocampus of mice was observed using immunofluorescence technology.Results:Compared with the blank group, the MWT and TWL value of the model group decreased ( P<0.05) on postoperative days 4, 7, 14, and 21. Compared with the model group, the electroacupuncture group had a longer stay time in the central area of the open field ( P<0.01), an increased percentage of stay time and activity frequency in the elevated arm opening ( P<0.01), a shorter static time for forced swimming ( P<0.01), and a shorter immobility time for the suspended tail ( P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the expressions of GluA1, GLUT3, GluA2, and CaMKⅡ proteins in the hippocampus of mice in the electroacupuncture group increased ( P<0.05), and the number of GluA1 positive cells increased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Electroacupuncture can affect synaptic plasticity by regulating the AMPA receptor in the hippocampal region, thereby improving depressive mood caused by chronic pain.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture auricular acupuncture points on depression-like behaviors and ventral dorsal tegmental area(VTA)TH,DRD1 and DRD2 induced in well acute stress disorder(ASD)mice.Methods Experiment 1:18 male C57 mice were divided into 9 control and 9 model mice.Behavioural paradigms such as forced swimming test(FST)and tail suspension test(TST)were used to detect depression-like behaviors in the mice starting on day 5 and day 36;double-labelled staining for immediate early gene protein(C-Fos)and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)was detected in the VTA of the mice by immunofluorescence.Experiment 2:45 male C57 mice were divided into 15 mice each in the control groups,model groups and electroacupuncture groups.30 days after completion of the electroacupuncture intervention,the mice were tested for depressive behaviors using behavioural paradigms such as FST and TST;dopamine receptor D1(DRD1)and dopamine receptor D2(DRD2)was detected in the VTA of mice in each group using fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot techniques;the number of TH neurons in the brain area of the VTA of mice was observed by immunofluorescence.Results Experiment 1:Compared with the control group,the immobile duration of the model group increased in the TST(P<0.001)and FST(P<0.001)on day 5 and day 6,and the immobile duration of the model group increased in the TST(P<0.01)and FST(P<0.01)on day 36 and day 37;compared with the control group,the number of C-Fos and TH fluorescence double-labelled neurons in the model group increased(P<0.05).Experiment 2:At day after completion of the electroacupuncture intervention,the immobile duration of TST(P<0.01)and FST(P<0.01)were decreased in the electroacupuncture group compared with the model group;compared with the control group,DRD1 mRNA(P<0.001)and protein expression(P<0.01)were increased in the VTA of the electroacupuncture group,and DRD2 mRNA(P<0.001)and protein expression(P<0.05)were decreased,TH protein expression(P<0.05)increased,and the number of TH neurons increased(P<0.01).Conclusion Early intervention with auricular electroacupuncture points has an ameliorative effect on depression-like behaviors induced by acute stress disorder in mice,which may be achieved by modulating the activity level of dopaminergic neurons and the expression level of DRD1 and DRD2 in the VTA.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

BACKGROUND:As a leading technique in the treatment of primary stenosis by posterior spinal endoscopy through unilateral approach and bilateral decompression using single channel endoscopy,the long-term efficacy needs to be further observed.There are few reports on the scope of intraoperative resection and few relevant studies on biomechanics and finite element analysis. OBJECTIVE:A three-dimensional finite element model was established to evaluate the effects of bilateral lumbar canal decompression under a one-hole split endoscope on lumbar range of motion and intradiscal pressure,to provide suggestions for clinical operation and theoretical basis for further clinical research. METHODS:A complete L3-L5 vertebral body model was reconstructed by CT images of nine healthy volunteers,which was used as the preoperative model M1.The simulated surgical resection range of L4-L5 was performed,and 1/4,1/3 and 1/2 of bilateral facet joints were removed respectively to obtain models M2,M3 and M4.The range of motion and the maximum Von Mises stress of the four models were compared in the six directions of forward bending,backward extension,left and right bending,and left and right rotation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The L3-L5 finite element model established in this study was effective,and the range of motion was within the range of previous solid studies under six motion states.(2)Compared with the M1 model,the L4-L5 lumbar spine range of motion increased with the increase of resection range in M2 with M3 and M4 models under forward bending,left and right bending and left and right rotation loading,and the difference was significant(P＜0.05).Under posterior extension loading,there was no significant difference in lumbar range of motion between M1 and M2(P＞0.05),but there was a significant difference of M1,M3 and M4(P＜0.05).(3)The range of motion of the L3-L4 lumbar spine had no significant change with the increase of bilateral facet arthrotomy(P＞0.05).(4)There was a significant difference in the maximum value of L4-L5 Von Mises between M1 and M2(P＜0.05),and there was a significant difference in the maximum value of L4-L5 Von Mises between M1 and M3,M4(P＜0.01),and the maximum value of L4-L5 lumbar von Mises increased with the increasing range of bilateral facet joint resection.Resection of more than 1/3 was particularly obvious.(5)The maximum value of Von Mises in the L3-L4 lumbar spine was increased with the increase of the resection range under forward bending,left and right bending and left and right rotation loading and the difference was significant(P＜0.05).(6)The results exhibited that the L4-L5 lumbar motion and intervertebral disc pressure increased with the increase of the excision range.Intervertebral disc pressure at L3-L4 increased with the increased extent of excision,but the lumbar range of motion was not significantly affected.In conclusion,the stability of the operative segment may be affected by the increase in the scope of facet joint resection.Although the immediate stability of adjacent segments is not affected,it may accelerate disc degeneration.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and mechanism of Yiqi huoxue decoction （YQHX） on lumbar disc herniation in rats. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， NF-κB inhibitor group （QNZ group， 1 mg/kg）， YQHX group （9.1 g/kg） and combination group （YQHX+QNZ group， the same dose as each single drug group）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for sham operation group， lumbar disc herniation model of rats was induced in other groups； administration groups were given QNZ intraperitoneally or/and YQHX intragastrically， once a day， for 8 consecutive weeks. The severity of intervertebral disc herniation was evaluated in each group； the pathological changes of intervertebral discs and the changes of autophagy of nucleus pulposus cells were all observed； the level of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in serum， and the ratios of Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3 （BNIP3） and Beclin-1 positive cells in intervertebral disctissues were detected； the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） p65， the expressions of tumor necrosis factor receptor- associated factor-2 （TRAF-2）， TRAF-3， BNIP3 and LC3B protein， and mRNA expressions of NF-κB p65， LC3B， p62，BNIP3 and Beclin-1 were determined. RESULTS Compared with model group， Pfirrmann grading score decreased significantly，the pathological injury of intervertebral disc tissue was relieved in YQHX group； the number of autophagosomes in nucleus pulposus cells increased； serum level of TNF-α and mRNA expression of p62 in intervertebral disc tissue decreased significantly； the ratios of BNIP3 and Beclin-1 positive cells， the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65， the expressions of TRAF-2， TRAF-3， BNIP3 and LC3B protein as well as the mRNA expressions of NF- κB p65， LC3B， BNIP3 and Beclin-1 decreased significantly in intervertebral disc tissues （P＜0.05）. The changes of above indexes in YQHX group were reversed partly in YQHX+QNZ group. CONCLUSIONS YQHX promotes the elevation of autophagy level of intervertebral discs， slows down the inflammatory response and the progression of lumbar disc herniation by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway.