Tumors are complex, highly heterogeneous diseases that place an enormous burden on the world's healthcare systems. Updating understanding of tumor initiation and progression is critical and the current breakthrough lies in cancer neuroscience, which focuses on the crosstalk between neural components and tumors. Neuropeptides are a class of highly potent peptides, that perform the physiological functions of neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and endocrine hormones. Currently, many studies have shown that many cellular components of the tumor microenvironment express neuropeptides and their receptors and that neuropeptides may play an important role in their cellular communication. In addition, neuropeptides and their receptors affect cancer hallmarks such as proliferation, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, immune escape, metabolic reprogramming, and others. More importantly, neuropeptides may also affect some tumor comorbidities such as insomnia, depression, anorexia, cancer pain, and others. Targeting neuropeptides in combination with new therapeutic strategies may significantly advance anti-tumor therapy, not only for treating the tumor itself but also for improving the patient's quality of life.

Objective To explore the prevention effectiveness of a mode,conducting targeted corrective training based on motor dysfunction detected by military joint function screening,on military training injuries in new recruits during recruit basic training in order to cope with the high incidence of military training injuries among them.Method A military personnel joint function screening was conducted on the new recruits in a training base of Joint Logistics Support Force.Based on the results of screening,the new recruits with a single action score of 1 and a total score of<10 were subjected and served as corrective training participants.Through cluster sampling,the new recruits were randomly divided into an experimental group(n=223)and a control group(n=223).The control group were trained according to the regular training plan,while the experimental group completed their designated training tasks and a 2-month corrective training for motor dysfunction at the same time.The entire corrective training process was carried out by our key personnel who had received relevant training.Medical records of the medical security department of the experimental unit were collected and evaluated for the injury situation.The score of joint function screening was analyzed using independent sample t test.The incidence of training injuries was analyzed using Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.Result After corrective training,the score of joint function was higher in the experimental group than the score before training(15.12±2.13 vs 10.58±2.83),and the score was also higher than that of the control group(15.12±2.13 vs 14.19±1.97,P<0.05).During the recruit basic training period,the incidence of training injuries was notably lower in the experimental group than the control group(12.5％vs 34.5％,Chi-square=5.469,P=0.001).Only for those who were injured during the training,11 people(39.2％)in the experimental group scored less than 10,which was obviously lower than the 49 people(63.6％)in the control group(Chi-square=4.972,P=0.026).Conclusion Our mode,corrective training based on the results of military personnel joint function screening,can effectively reduce the incidence of military training injuries in new recruits during recruit basic training,and exerts a good preventive effect against military training injuries.

Objective To identify recruit movement dysfunction based on military joint function screening and assessment,implement targeted corrective training,explore the impact of this assessment-correction system on knowledge-attitude-belief-practice(KABP)related factors,and scientifically evaluate its efficacy in preventing recruit military training injuries within the knowledge-attitude-belief-practice theoretical framework.Methods A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted at a recruit training base of the Joint Logistics Support Force from March to May 2025,enrolling 446 recruits.Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group(n=223)or control group(n=223)using a random number table.The control group followed the routine training program,while the experimental group additionally received a 2-month targeted corrective training for movement dysfunction alongside the established training tasks.Knowledge-attitude-belief-practice questionnaires were administered to both groups at the initial,intermediate,and advanced stages of the corrective training.Univariate logistic regression was used to preliminarily screen KABP-related factors,and a multivariate logistic regression model was further constructed to analyze the role of KABP factors in the corrective training.Results The experimental group had a cumulative training injury incidence of 40 cases(17.9%),which was significantly lower than that of the control group(83 cases,37.2%;χ2=20.757,P<0.001).The experimental group showed varying degrees of improvement in knowledge,attitude and belief,and practice dimensions(P<0.05),while the control group exhibited no significant changes in the three KABP dimensions across the three surveys.Logistic regression analysis revealed:In the first round,total practice score was significantly negatively associated with training injury incidence rate(OR=0.863,95%CI:0.822～0.906,P<0.001),whereas knowledge and attitude-belief dimensions showed no significant association;In the second round,both total knowledge score(OR=0.925,95%CI:0.903～0.946,P<0.001)and total practice score(OR=0.906,95%CI:0.874～0.940,P<0.001)significantly reduced the risk of military training injuries,with attitude-belief dimension still showing no significant effect;In the third round,all three KABP dimensions were significantly negatively associated with military training injury incidence rate(knowledge:OR=0.905,95%CI:0.884～0.926,P<0.001;attitude and belief:OR=0.942,95%CI:0.899～0.988,P=0.013;behavior:OR=0.882,95%CI:0.841～0.924,P<0.001).Conclusion Joint function screening and corrective training can significantly reduce the incidence of recruit training injuries,primarily by optimizing knowledge mastery and movement behavior;belief cultivation,however,requires long-term practical accumulation.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of neuregulin 4(Nrg4)combined withγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)in cognitive dysfunction among patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods A total of 169 patients with severe OSAHS were se-lected as study subjects and divided into normal cognitive function group(n=89)and cognitive dys-function group(n=80)based on cognitive function assessment results.General information of the pa-tients was collected,and the levels of Nrg4 and GABA were detected by enzyme-linked immunosor-bent assay(ELISA).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of Nrg4 and GABA for cognitive dysfunction in OSAHS patients.Results The proportions of patients with a history of hypertension and diabetes,as well as the levels of diastolic blood pressure,total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were significantly higher in the cognitive dysfunction group than those in the normal cognitive function group(P＜0.05).The levels of Nrg4 and GABA were significantly lower in the cognitive dysfunction group than in the normal cognitive function group(P＜0.05).The Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)score in the cognitive dys-function group was significantly lower than that in the normal cognitive function group[(12.36±2.35)versus(28.25±1.02),P＜0.05].Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that a history of hypertension and diabetes,diastolic blood pressure,TC,TG,HDL-C,and LDL-C were risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in patients with severe OSAHS(P＜0.05),while Nrg4,GABA,and MoCA scores were protective factors(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that combined de-tection of Nrg4 and GABA had a higher predictive value for cognitive dysfunction in patients with se-vere OSAHS compared with either marker alone(P＜0.05).Conclusion A history of hyperten-sion and diabetes,diastolic blood pressure,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,Nrg4,GABA,and MoCA scores are all factors influencing cognitive dysfunction in patients with severe OSAHS.Combined de-tection of Nrg4 and GABA can effectively predict cognitive dysfunction in these patients.

Cancer cachexia is a multi-organ syndrome and closely related to changes in signal communication between organs, which is mediated by cancer cachexia factors. Cancer cachexia factors, being the general name of inflammatory factors, circulating proteins, metabolites, and microRNA secreted by tumor or host cells, play a role in secretory or other organs and mediate complex signal communication between organs during cancer cachexia. Cancer cachexia factors are also a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment. The pathogenesis of cachexia is unclear and no clear effective treatment is available. Thus, the treatment of cancer cachexia from the perspective of the tumor ecosystem rather than from the perspective of a single molecule and a single organ is urgently needed. From the point of signal communication between organs mediated by cancer cachexia factors, finding a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer cachexia is of great significance to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment. This review begins with cancer cachexia factors released during the interaction between tumor and host cells, and provides a comprehensive summary of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment for cancer cachexia, along with a particular sight on multi-organ signal communication mediated by cancer cachexia factors. This summary aims to deepen medical community’s understanding of cancer cachexia and may conduce to the discovery of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cancer cachexia.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases from 2019 to 2023 after the elimination of malaria in Shanxi Province, and provide reference for formulating scientific and effective malaria prevention and control strategies in Shanxi Province.Methods:The data of imported malaria cases were collected China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and National Parasitic Disease Control Information Management System in Shanxi Province, from 2019-2023. Descriptive epidemiological method and SPSS 26.0 statistical software were used for descriptive epidemiological statistical analysis.Results:A total of 51 malaria cases were reported in Shanxi Province in 2019-2023, all imported from abroad. Among them, there were 38 cases of falciparum malaria (74.51%), 6 cases of plasmodium ovale (11.77%), 5 cases of plasmodium vivax (9.80%), 1 case of plasmodium triticum malaria (1.96%), and 1 case of mixed infections (1.96%), with nodeaths; cases were predominantly males (94.12%, 48/51) and workers who went abroad for work (84.31%,43/51); the median age of onset was 37 years old; and there were imported cases every month, with no obvious peak of incidence; Taiyuan City reported the most cases, accounting for 72.55% (37/51) of the total number of cases,the source of infection of cases was mainly from Africa (96.08%), with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (16 cases), Nigeria (6 cases), Equatorial Guinea (5 cases), Mozambique (3 cases), and Republic of the Congo (3 cases) in that order; the median time between the onset of disease and first diagnosis, and the median time between first diagnosis and confirmation, were two times longer than that of first diagnosis, and the median time between first diagnosis and confirmation was two times longer than that of first diagnosis. The M( Q1, Q3) intervals from onset to first diagnosis and from first diagnosis to confirmed diagnosis were 2(0,4) days and 1(0,3) days, respectively, with statistically significant differences between different years from onset to first diagnosis ( H=17.41, P=0.048), and from first diagnosis to confirmed diagnosis ( H=20.82, P=0.010). A total of 101 146 blood tests for febrile patients were conducted in the province during the five years, with the minimum number of blood tests in 2020 (19 867 person-times) and the maximum number of blood tests in 2023 (20 778 person-times). Conclusions:After the elimination of malaria in Shanxi Province from 2019 to 2023, all malaria cases were imported from abroad, and it is still necessary to strengthen the surveillance of people traveling to and from malaria-endemic areas, implement the combination of medical treatment and prevention, and jointly prevent and control the occurrence of imported malaria.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of acellular allogeneic dermal matrix (ADM) combined with autologous razor-thin scalp grafts in scar rehabilitation.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent skin grafts transplantation to repair scar in the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou from July 2015 to December 2021. All the patients were divided into the observation group and the control group according to surgical methods. The observation group was treated with ADM combined with autologous razor-thin scalp grafts to repair the wound after scar resection, and the control group was treated with split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs) to repair the wound. Efficacy evaluation: On the 1st, 7th and 14th day after surgery, the patients in the two groups scored the pain degree of the donor sites through the visual analogue scale (VAS), with a score of 0 indicating no pain and a score of 10 indicating severe pain. The grid method was used to measure the surviving area of the skin and calculate the surviving proportion of the skin grafts. The wound healing time in donor and recipient sites were recorded. The postoperative complication was recorded, and the incidence of complications was calculated. Scars in donor and recipient sites were observed at the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th month after surgery, and the scars in recipient sites were scored by the Vancouver scar scale (VSS), with a total score of 0-13 points, and the higher the score, the more serious the scars were. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. The normally distributed continuous data were represented as Mean±SD, and analyzed by t-test, and the non-normally distributed continuous data were represented as M ( Q1, Q3), and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison between groups. Enumeration data were expressed as examples and (or) percentages, and chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. The differences were considered statistically significant for probability values P<0.05. Results:A total of 50 patients, including 28 males and 22 females, aged (38.5±13.9) years, were enrolled in the observation group, and the wound area caused by scar resection and release was (70.4±17.7) cm 2. The scars were on upper limb in 16 cases, lower limb in 15 cases, trunk in 11 cases, neck in 8 cases. The control group included 50 patients, 30 males and 20 females, aged (34.8±14.6) years, and the wound area caused by scar resection and release was (66.2±16.5) cm 2. The scars were on upper limb in 15 cases, lower limb in 11 cases, trunk in 13 cases, neck in 11 cases. There was no significant difference in gender composition, age, skin graft site and the wound area caused by scar resection and release between these two groups ( P > 0.05). On the 1st, 7th and 14th day after surgery, the VAS scores of the observation group were 6.35 (5.11, 7.67) points, 4.95 (3.63, 6.46) points and 0.73 (0.18, 1.39) points, while the control group were 8.25 (7.14, 9.19) points, 7.00 (5.45, 8.06) points and 0.80(0.20, 1.55)points, respectively. The VAS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group on the 1st and 7th day after surgery ( Z=-4.53, -3.86, both P < 0.001), and there was no significant difference in VAS score between the two groups on the 14th day after surgery ( P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the survival ratio of skin grafts [(95.6±2.1) % vs. (95.8±2.3) %] ( P>0.05) and the postoperative incidence of complications [18% (9/50) vs. 10% (5/50)] ( P>0.05). The wound healing time in the donor sites in both groups were (6.80±0.88) days, (13.30±1.83) days ( t=-22.70, P<0.001), while the wound healing time in the recipient sites in both groups were 14.33 (12.73, 15.76) days and 8.91 (7.76, 10.67) days ( Z=-7.31, P<0.001). The average follow-up time was 21.8 months, the observation group had no scar formation at the donor site, while the control group had different degrees of scar hyperplasia. There was no significant difference in VSS scores between the two groups at the 3rd and 6th month after surgery ( P>0.05), while the VSS scores of the observation group at 9th and 12th month after surgery were 5.96 (4.81, 7.15) points and 5.85 (4.81, 6.75) points, which were significantly lower than those of in the control group [7.04(5.93, 8.14)points, 6.92(5.81, 8.06)points] ( Z=-2.82, P=0.005; Z=-3.54, P<0.001). Conclusion:The use of ADM combined with autologous razor-thin scalp graft to repair the wound after scar resection can effectively improve the appearance and function of the repair area, and reduce the pain and avoid scar hyperplasia in the donor sites.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of acellular allogeneic dermal matrix (ADM) combined with autologous razor-thin scalp grafts in scar rehabilitation.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent skin grafts transplantation to repair scar in the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou from July 2015 to December 2021. All the patients were divided into the observation group and the control group according to surgical methods. The observation group was treated with ADM combined with autologous razor-thin scalp grafts to repair the wound after scar resection, and the control group was treated with split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs) to repair the wound. Efficacy evaluation: On the 1st, 7th and 14th day after surgery, the patients in the two groups scored the pain degree of the donor sites through the visual analogue scale (VAS), with a score of 0 indicating no pain and a score of 10 indicating severe pain. The grid method was used to measure the surviving area of the skin and calculate the surviving proportion of the skin grafts. The wound healing time in donor and recipient sites were recorded. The postoperative complication was recorded, and the incidence of complications was calculated. Scars in donor and recipient sites were observed at the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th month after surgery, and the scars in recipient sites were scored by the Vancouver scar scale (VSS), with a total score of 0-13 points, and the higher the score, the more serious the scars were. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. The normally distributed continuous data were represented as Mean±SD, and analyzed by t-test, and the non-normally distributed continuous data were represented as M ( Q1, Q3), and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison between groups. Enumeration data were expressed as examples and (or) percentages, and chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. The differences were considered statistically significant for probability values P<0.05. Results:A total of 50 patients, including 28 males and 22 females, aged (38.5±13.9) years, were enrolled in the observation group, and the wound area caused by scar resection and release was (70.4±17.7) cm 2. The scars were on upper limb in 16 cases, lower limb in 15 cases, trunk in 11 cases, neck in 8 cases. The control group included 50 patients, 30 males and 20 females, aged (34.8±14.6) years, and the wound area caused by scar resection and release was (66.2±16.5) cm 2. The scars were on upper limb in 15 cases, lower limb in 11 cases, trunk in 13 cases, neck in 11 cases. There was no significant difference in gender composition, age, skin graft site and the wound area caused by scar resection and release between these two groups ( P > 0.05). On the 1st, 7th and 14th day after surgery, the VAS scores of the observation group were 6.35 (5.11, 7.67) points, 4.95 (3.63, 6.46) points and 0.73 (0.18, 1.39) points, while the control group were 8.25 (7.14, 9.19) points, 7.00 (5.45, 8.06) points and 0.80(0.20, 1.55)points, respectively. The VAS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group on the 1st and 7th day after surgery ( Z=-4.53, -3.86, both P < 0.001), and there was no significant difference in VAS score between the two groups on the 14th day after surgery ( P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the survival ratio of skin grafts [(95.6±2.1) % vs. (95.8±2.3) %] ( P>0.05) and the postoperative incidence of complications [18% (9/50) vs. 10% (5/50)] ( P>0.05). The wound healing time in the donor sites in both groups were (6.80±0.88) days, (13.30±1.83) days ( t=-22.70, P<0.001), while the wound healing time in the recipient sites in both groups were 14.33 (12.73, 15.76) days and 8.91 (7.76, 10.67) days ( Z=-7.31, P<0.001). The average follow-up time was 21.8 months, the observation group had no scar formation at the donor site, while the control group had different degrees of scar hyperplasia. There was no significant difference in VSS scores between the two groups at the 3rd and 6th month after surgery ( P>0.05), while the VSS scores of the observation group at 9th and 12th month after surgery were 5.96 (4.81, 7.15) points and 5.85 (4.81, 6.75) points, which were significantly lower than those of in the control group [7.04(5.93, 8.14)points, 6.92(5.81, 8.06)points] ( Z=-2.82, P=0.005; Z=-3.54, P<0.001). Conclusion:The use of ADM combined with autologous razor-thin scalp graft to repair the wound after scar resection can effectively improve the appearance and function of the repair area, and reduce the pain and avoid scar hyperplasia in the donor sites.

Objective:To analyze the application value of color Doppler ultrasound,microribonucleic acid-19a(miR-19a)and miR-210 in carotid artery stenosis.Methods:A total of 102 patients with carotid artery stenosis who were diagnosed and treated in Cangzhou People's Hospital from October 2020 to October 2022 were selected as the research group,and 102 health persons who underwent color Doppler ultrasound of physical examination in hospital at the same period were selected as the health control group.Both two groups underwent color Doppler ultrasound examination and digital subtraction angiography(DSA)within one week after admitted to hospital.The miR-19a and miR-210 between the two groups were compared,and the miR-19a and miR-210 of patients with different stenosis degrees of research group also were compared.And then,the diagnostic values of color Doppler,miR-19a,miR-210 and the combination of them were analyzed in diagnosing carotid artery stenosis.Results:The results of color Doppler ultrasound in detecting common carotid artery 102 patients of research group indicated that 15 cases were normal,and 15 cases occurred mild stenosis,and 21 cases occurred moderate stenosis,and 21 cases occurred severe stenosis and 33 cases occurred complete occlusion.The miR-19a of the research group was significantly higher than that of the health control group,and the miR-210 of the research group was significantly lower than that of the health control group(t=10.755,-5.903,P<0.05).The miR-19a results of the research group indicated that the miR-19a of mild stenosisthat of moderate stenosis>severe stenosis>complete occlusion,and the differences were statistical significant(F=160.399,147.462,P<0.05),respectively.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis showed that the area under curve(AUC)values of color Doppler ultrasound,miR-19a,miR-210 and combined diagnosis of them for carotid artery stenosis were respectively 0.892,0.842,0.729 and 0.978,and the sensitivity and specificity of the combined diagnosis were respectively 97.1%and 95.1%.Conclusion:The combined diagnosis of color Doppler ultrasound,miR-19a and miR-210 has higher diagnostic value for carotid artery stenosis.

Objective:To summarize experience of managing adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH) in hypothalamic-pituitary region(HPR) from Shanghai Huashan Hospital.Methods:Adult HPR-LCH patients diagnosed at oar endocrinology department from January 2013 to February 2022 were included. Clinical characteristics and treatment response were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 27 adult HPR-LCH patients were included, with 14 cases involving the hypothalamus(H group) and 13 cases without(group NH). The common radiological findings included thickening of the pituitary stalk(25/27, 92.6%). At the time of diagnosis, 14 cases(51.9%) presented with panhypopituitarism, and 19 cases(70.4%) exhibited metabolic abnormalities. The group H had higher proportions of adrenal insufficiency, central hypothyroidism, panhypopituitarism, and diabetes compared to group NH(78.6% vs 23.1%; 78.6% vs 23.1%; 92.9% vs 30.8%, 35.7% vs 0%, respectively, all P<0.05). Hypothalamus syndrome was identified in 71.4%(10/14) of group H. The inital diagnosis rate was 79.2%(19/24), with 48.1% and 51.9% through biopsy of sellar and extrasellar lesions, respectively. Repeated biopsies confirmed the diagnosis in 25.9%(7/27) of cases. The peripheral lesions included bone, thyroid, lung, lymph node, thymus and liver. Out of 20 cases treated with chemotherapy, the objective response rate was 85% at 12 weeks. Four cases received local therapy, one case received traditional Chinese medicine treatment, one case abandoned treatment, and one case was lost to follow-up. The median follow-up time was 28(range 15 to 54) months. During this period, there were 3 deaths in group H and 1 death in group NH. Conclusion:Adult HPR-LCH patients presented with diabetes insipidus and high prevalences of hypopituitarism, hypothalamus syndrome and metabolic abnormalities. Typical imaging features were pituitary stalk thickening. A solitary mass in the HPR was usually very small, posing a great challenge for early diagnosis. Systemic evaluation would help to clarify the diagnosis. Patients with hypothalamus involvement had a higher mortality rate, suggesting the hypothalamus as a risk organ with poor prognosis.