Background::Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have shown similar worsening epidemic patterns globally and shared various overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms. However, evidence on the relationship between NAFLD and IBD risk is lacking. We aimed to investigate the associations between long-term risk of incident IBD and NAFLD in a large prospective cohort.Methods::Participants from the United Kingdom Biobank cohort (https://biobank.ndph.ox.ac.uk/) who were free of IBD and alcoholic liver disease at baseline were enrolled. Baseline non-alcoholic fatty liver degree was measured by the well-established fatty liver index (FLI). The outcomes of interest included incident IBD, ulcerative colitis (UC), and Crohn’s disease (CD). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results::Among 418,721 participants (mean FLI: 48.11 ± 30.11), 160,807 (38.40%) participants were diagnosed as NAFLD at baseline. During a median of 12.4 years’ follow-up, 2346 incident IBD cases (1545 UC, 653 CD, and 148 IBD-unclassified) were identified. Due to limited events, those IBD-unclassified were combined in UC or CD when examining the associated risk of UC or CD, separately. Compared with the lowest quartile of FLI, the highest quartile showed a separately 36.00%, 25.00%, and 58.00% higher risk of incident IBD (HR Q4 vs. Q1 =1.36, 95% CI: 1.19-1.55, Ptrend <0.001), UC (HR Q4 vs. Q1 =1.25, 95% CI: 1.07-1.46, Ptrend=0.047), and CD (HR Q4 vs. Q1 =1.58, 95% CI: 1.26-1.97, Ptrend <0.001) after multivariable adjustment. Compared with non-NAFLD, NAFLD participants had a significantly higher risk of incident IBD (HR=1.13, 95% CI: 1.04-1.24) and CD (HR =1.36, 95% CI: 1.17-1.58). Conclusions::Higher degree of non-alcoholic fatty liver is associated with increased risk of incident IBD. Interventions aimed at improving NAFLD may be a potential targeted strategy for the detection and treatment of IBD.

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of baicalin-induced apoptosis in human laryngeal cancer cells. METHODS: AMC-HN-8 cells were selected for the study, and baicalin was applied to the cells at different concentrations (0, 10, 30, 100, and 300 μmol/L), and the half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) was measured by the CCK-8 method. Bax, cleaved-caspase-3, Cyto-c, IRF4 protein expression by protein blotting (Western blot); miR-125b-5p and IRF4 expression by RT-qPCR. Dual-luciferase reporter gene validation of Targetscan prediction (binding of miR-125b-5p to IRF4-3'UTR); apoptosis and necrosis inhibitors explore the way baicalein induces death in laryngeal cancer cells. AMC-HN-8 was then divided into blank group, baicalein (IC50), miR-125b-5p inhibitor group, baicalein + inhibitor NC group, baicalein+miR-125b-5p inhibitor group, and cell invasion and clone formation assays to detect cell invasion and proliferation ability, respectively. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Baicalein inhibited the proliferation of AMC-HN-8 cells in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 47.31 μmol/L. Compared with the blank group, 47.31 μmol/L baicalin induced apoptosis and inhibited cell invasion, while upregulating the expression of miR-125b-5p and suppressing the mRNA and protein levels of IRF4. The luciferase results showed that the miR-125b-5p mimic was able to inhibit the activity of the IRF4-3'UTR promoter relative to the NC mimic (mimic) group. Baicalein induces laryngeal cancer cell death in an apoptotic manner. In addition, the combination of 47.31 μmol/L baicalin and miR-125b-5p inhibitor affected the behavior of AMC-HN-8 cells, showing that compared with the blank group, the baicalin group showed a decrease in the number of cell clones, weakened invasion ability, and increased apoptosis; the miR - 125b-5p inhibitor group showed an increase in the number of cell clones, enhanced invasion ability and decreased apoptosis. The baicalin+ inhibitor NC group was consistent with baicalin, with no significant effect of inhibitor NC on cell behavior. The cloning, invasion, and apoptosis of cells in the baicalin+miR-125b-5p inhibitor group were intermediate between the baicalin and miR-125b-5p inhibitor groups. CONCLUSION: Baicalin inhibits the proliferation of AMC-HN-8 cells, and the mechanism may be related to miR-125b-5p targeting to inhibit the expression of IRF4, inducing the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, cleaved-caspase3, and Cyto-c, and inhibiting the apoptosis suppressor protein Bcl-2 thereby inducing apoptosis.

Objective:To investigate the relationships between the expression level of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in HER2-positive breast cancer and the characteristics of ultrasound imaging and mammography.Methods:The imaging data of 486 patients with HER2-positive breast cancer treated in the Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 2014 to December 2021 were retrospectively collected. The relationships between the expression level of HER2 and the imaging features of breast ultrasound and mammography were analyzed.Results:49.38% (240/486) of HER2-positive breast cancer patients were HER2 2+, and 50.62% (246/486) of HER2-positive breast cancer patients were HER2 3+. The age of HER2 2+ patients [ (52.88±1.16) years] was older than the age of HER2 3+ patients [ (49.59±1.00) years], and there was a statistically significant difference ( t=18.07, P<0.001) . There was a statistically significant difference of menstrual status between HER2 2+ patients and HER2 3+ patients ( χ2=4.42, P=0.036) . There were statistically significant differences in the ultrasonography showed burr sign ( χ2=8.37, P=0.010) , posterior echo ( χ2=9.68, P=0.017) , axillary lymph node enlargement ( χ2=15.77, P<0.001) between HER2 2+ patients and HER2 3+ patients. There was a statistically significant difference in the mammography showed whether there were lumps between HER2 2+ patients and HER2 3+ patients ( χ2=15.81, P<0.001) . Conclusion:The expression level of HER2 in HER2-positive breast cancer patients is related to burr sign, posterior echo, and axillary lymph node enlargement shown by ultrasound, as well as lumps shown by mammography, which can provide certain information for clinical prediction of malignant degree of breast cancer, prognosis and individualized treatment plan.

Objective:To study the macrolides resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) in Suzhou area, and try to explore the relationship between drug resistance and refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP). Methods:From a series of hospitalized children who were diagnosed as Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) from October 2013 to September 2014 in Suzhou area, 48 children were treated with Azithromycin (10 mg/kg, once a day, intravenous drip for 5-7 days), and the clinical symptoms and chest imaging were still progressing so they were clinically diagnosed as RMPP, and 34 children who were successfully treated with macrolides antibiotics (MA) were clinically diagnosed as general MPP (GMPP). MP DNA was extracted from the airway secretion of children in the two groups, and the point mutations of 2063 and 2064 of 23S rRNA were sequenced, and according to the MP 23S rRNA sequencing results, the children were divided into macrolides antibiotic resistant MP group (MRMP) and macrolides antibiotic sensitive MP group (MSMP). The clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. Results:In the MRMP group, the incidence of RMPP was 62.2% (46/74 cases), while in MSMP group, the incidence of RMPP was 25.0% (2/8 cases). The point mutation of MP 23S rRNA had no significant effect on the occurrence of RMPP ( χ2=2.719, P=0.099). Compared with MRMP group, MSMP group presented shorter fever time and less glucocorticoid use.No significant differences between the two groups were found in chest imaging examination, as well as some laboratory results, including the total number and classification of white blood cell (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB). Conclusions:The fever duration of MPP lasted more than 1 week, suggesting the possibility of macrolides resistance of MP, but macrolides resistance did not aggravate the occurrence of RMPP.It is unreliable to judge the MRMP by chest imaging features and laboratory results.

Objective To investigate the effects of single i.v. subanesthetic dose of ketamine on heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation for antidepressant treatment. Methods Patients with severe depressive disorder were randomized to ketamine group (n=13) and control group (n=14). Ketamine group received ketamine (0.5mg/kg) single injection whereas control group received saline single injection. Escitalopram (10 mg/d) were orally administered for 4 weeks simultaneously. Comparisons were made on the heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation at baseline, 40 min, 100 min, and 280 min after injection between the two groups. Results The main effects of time but not group were significant for all parameters including heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, (P＜0.05). Interaction of time×group was significant (P＜0.05). All parameters including heart rate (F=16.85, P＜0.01), systolic blood pressure (F=15.82, P＜0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (F=8.63, P＜0.01) with time were significant in ketamine group. The heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in ketamine group were significantly higher at 40 min than at other time points (P＜0.05), while were no significant difference among other time points (P＞0.05). There was no statistical significance of main effect of time, group and interaction of time×group in oxygen saturation between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion Single subanesthetic dose ketamine intravenous drip for antidepressant therapy may cause a transient increase in heart rate and blood pressure.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza virus type A (FluA) in children with respiratory tract infection, and to provide scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: Sputum specimens of 35 529 cases of hospitalized children with respiratory tract diseases from January 2006 to December 2015 in Suzhou were collected. FluA was detected by direct immunofluorescence and the FluA detection result was analyzed. Groups were compared with chi-square test. Results: The FluA infection rate was 1.60% in 35 529 children. The FluA infection rate of boys was 1.58%, and the rate of girls was 1.63%. There was no obvious statistically significant difference in sex (χ²=0.139, P=0.709). The FluA infection rates of children at the age of less than 1 year, less than 3 years, less than 7 years and older than 7 years respectively were 1.12%, 2.49%, 1.78%, and 1.24%; there was significant differences among these result (χ²=75.401, P=0.000). The FluA infection rates in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively were 0.88%, 1.44%, 1.32%, 2.70%. The rates in four seasons had significant difference (χ²=105.432, P=0.000). The FluA infection rate was the highest in winter and the lowest in spring. The FluA infection rate was 6.55% in the autumn of 2008, which was the highest in the recent ten years. Conclusions FluA is one of the important pathogens of respiratory tract infection in children in Suzhou area. The infection rate of infant is higher and the epidemic peak is in winter. The FluA infection has obvious epidemic season and year. The FluA infection rates in Suzhou area are 0.64%-3.49%, and there was no outbreak in the recent ten years.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of nutritional risk,undernutrition and nutritional support among elderly inpatients with coronary heart disease in 11 tertiary A hospitals in China.Methods Records of elderly patients under the age of 90 with coronary heart disease were collected between March 2012 and May 2012 from 11 tertiary A hospitals in China following the direction of diagnosis related group of Beijing government.Results A total of 1 279 consecutive cases were recruited with the average age 74 years old (65-89).The total nutritional risk prevalence was 28.14％ (360/1 279).The prevalence of nutritional risk and nutritional risk score ≥ 5 increased with age.The prevalence of nutritional risk (12.88％ vs.30.08％ vs.42.28％) and nutritional risk scored ≥5 (10.86％ vs.18.61％ vs.27.78％)increased with age.Judging from BMI,most patients were overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2),accounting for 53.0％ of the total,and prevalence of nutritional risk in this subgroup was 15.12％ (96/635).The prevalence of nutritional risk in patients with normal BMI was 34.24％.The prevalence of undernutrition defined as BMI＜ 18.5 kg/m2 was 4.25％ (51/1 279),among which patients with score ≥ 5 account for 64.7％ (33/51).The prevalence of undernutrition defined as nutritional impairment score =3 was 7.58％ (97/1 279).In patients with nutritional risk,57 were administrated nutrition support (16.6％);in patients without nutritional risk,21 received nutrition support,mostly parenteral nutrition (16 cases,76.2％).In patients with nutritional risk [(79.46± 7.19) years vs.(76.40± 6.16) years],there were statistically significant difference between those who received nutrition support and those who did not in terms of age and the ratio of patients with nutritional risk scored≥5 (35.1％ vs.17.1％) (P =0.001,P=0.002).Conclusions The prevalence of nutritional risk in patients with coronary heart disease was high.The prevalence of undernutrition was low.Prevalence of overweight and obese was high,but there was still nutritional risk in this group of patients.The patients who received nutrition support were older and had high nutritional impairment score,but the indication is not rationale.

Objective To investigate the changes of nutritional status of chronic cardiovascular patients during hospitalization by using nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002) and subjective global assessment (SGA).Methods A prospective,parallel multicenter study was can-ied out in 3 tertiary A hospitals in Beijing from June 2014 to September 2014.Subjects in the study had been hospitalized for 7-30 days for various types of chronic cardiovascular diseases.Physical indexes and laboratory examination results were recorded within 24 hours after admission and 24 hours before discharge.The nutritional status was evaluated using NRS 2002 and SGA.Results 454 inpatients were enrolled in this study.Prevalence of undernutrition,defined as body mass index＜ 18.5 kg/m2 with poor general condition,was 7.0％ on admission.Prevalence of nutritional risk (NRS 2002 score≥3) was 27.9％.Patients with heart valve disease (34.6％) and arrhythmia (47.5％) had higher prevalence of nutritional risk,which decreased on discharge.At admission,the prevalence of SGA-based moderate and severe undernutrition (grade B+C) was 16.7％.In particular,this prevalence was higher in patients with heart valve disease (30.7％) and arrhythmia (22.5％).At discharge,the proportion of patients (except patients with coronary heart disease) with moderate and severe dystrophy,especially severe dystrophy,decreased significantly.Conclusions Patients with chronic cardiovascular disease were likely to have comorbid nutritional risk at the time of admission,including undernutrition,as defined by body mass index＜ 18.5 kg/m2 plus poor general condition,and SGA-based moderate or severe malnutrition,which was partially improved on discharge.Attention should be paid to nutritional status screening and evaluation on admission.Reasonable nutrition intervention should be done to correct malnutrition and improve clinical outcomes.

Objective To investigate the application value of mini-nutritional assessment short-form(MNA-SF) in screening and evaluating nutritional status in elderly hospitalized patients with malignant tumor.Methods 1472 elderly hospitalized patients(≥65 years old)with malignant tumor were enrolled and prospectively studied for evaluating the nutritional status by nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002)assessment.Indicators of clinical outcomes were summarized.The consistencies of MNA-SF with body mass index(BMI),grip and results of NRS 2002 assessment,and the relationship between the different nutritional status and clinical outcomes were analyzed.Results The patients meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria were aged(72.1±5.9)years,with BMI of(22.3 ±3.7)kg/m2 and grip of(21.7± 19.0)kg.Among 16.7％ of the malnourished patients with malignant tumors,pancreatic cancer (30.9 ％),bile duct cancer (24.1％) and esophageal cancer (21.2 ％) occupied the top three incidence of malnutrition,with the lowest (5.4％)incidence in breast cancer.Among 59.2％ of patients being malnourished (16.7％)or at risk(42.5％)of malnutrition,the highest incidence was in bile duct cancer(82.8％),and lowest one was in breast cancer(28.6 ％).MNA-SF-discriminated malnutrition(0～ 7 points)showed a great agreement with malnutrition evaluation by BMI(＜18.5),but had a poor agreement with grip in screening malnutrition.MNA-SF-discriminated nutrition problem(malnourishment plus at risk of malnutrition)showed a great agreement with NRS 2002-discovered nutrition problem (score≥3).Under-nourished patients had a higher infection complication(9.29％ vs.5.14％,P =0.006)and longer hospital stays(15.4 d vs.12.8 d,P＜0.01)as compared with patients with normal nutrition status.Conclusions The prevalence and risk factors for malnutrition are higher in elderly patients with malignant tumor.Poor nutritional status is correlated with poor clinical outcomes.MNA-SF can be used as a tool for evaluating the nutritional status of elderly patients with malignant tumor.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of single and multiple bronchoscopic lavage therapy in children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(RMPP).Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted of the clinical data of 332 RMPP children at Department of Respiratory Disease,Children's Hospital of Soochow University from January 2011 to December 2016.The patients were divided into the single group and the multiple group (≥2 times),and the correlative index were compared between the 2 groups.Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors of multiple bronchoscopic lavage therapy in RMPP patients.Results Among 332 children,223 cases were in the single group and 109 cases in the multiple group.Children undergoing multiple bronchoscopy had the fever duration ≥ 10 days before the bronchoscopy and course of disease ≥ 10 days before the bronchoscopy,more than those in the single group [118 cases (52.9％) vs.71 cases (65.1％),69 cases (29.6％) vs.45 cases(41.3％)],and the differences were statistically significant(all P ＜ 0.05).At the same time,the use of glucocorticoid,macrolide,glucocorticoid combined with macrolide antibiotics in the first week of illness were significantly lower in the multiple groups than those in the single group,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).In the multiple group,the percentage of neutrophils (N),C-reactive protein (CRP),CRP ＞ 44 mg/L,lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and LDH ＞ 480 U/L were higher than those in the single group,and the differences were significant (all P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the mixed infection and pleural effusion of multiple group were higher than those of the single group.The proportion of bronchoscopy in the multiple group was higher than that of the single group.In bronchoscopy,the mucus plug blocking and mucosal erosion were more than those of the single group,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =5.397,13.31,all P ＜ 0.05).After adjusted by multiple regression analysis,6 factors were independent risk factors for multiple bronchoscopic procedures.They were the fever duration before the bronchoscopy ≥ 10 days[odds ratio (OR) =19.504,95 ％ confidence interval (CI):7.350-51.754,P =0.000],the unuse of macrolide antibiotics in the first week of illness (OR =5.072,95％ CI:2.230-11.537,P =0.000),the unuse of glucocorticoid in the first week of illness (OR =14.051,95 ％ CI:4.755-41.522,P =0.000),CRP ＞ 44 mg/L (OR =2.638,95 ％ CI:1.356-5.133,P =0.004),LDH ＞ 480 U/L(OR =2.326,95％ CI:1.302-4.157,P =0.004) and mucosal erosion (OR =11.15,95％ CI:2.503-49.715,P =0.002).Conclusion Severe inflammatory reaction and whether or not to actively resist infection and inflammation in the early stage,were important risk factors for multiple bronchoscopic procedures.