Objective:To explore the relation of negative emotions to erroneous gambling cognition and gambling addiction in college students.Methods:Totally 357 college students in Macau were selected and assessed with the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS),Gambling Related Cognition Scale (GRCS) and South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS).Bootstrap was used to test the mediating effect.Results:The students with higher erroneous gambling cognition got higher scores on negative emotions and addiction gambling than low-score group with erroneous gambling cognition (Ps ＜0.01).Mediating effect test showed that the direct effect of negative emotions on gambling addiction was 0.14,and the indirect effect was 0.05 (Ps ＜0.05).The indirect effect accounted for the total effect 26.3％.Conclusion:It suggests that negative emotions not only have direct effect on gambling addiction,but also have indirect effect on gambling addiction through erroneous gambling related cognition.

Objective To study the acute toxicity of slow-release (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA-gemcitabine microsphere and gemcitabine on mice.Methods Up and down procedure (UDP) was used to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) of PLGA-gemcitabine microsphere and gemcitabine on mice respectively.Results The LD50 of PLGA-gemcitabine microsphere on mice was 256.30 mg/kg,gemcitabine was 8.91 mg/kg.The difference was 28.8 times.Conclusion PLGA-gemcitabine microsphere can markedly reduce the acute toxicity of gemcitabine.

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of sexual and urinary dysfunction is higher in patients who have received rectal cancer surgeries. This could most likely be correlated with the age of the patients and the approach applied in the operation. Therefore, how to preserve the sexual and urinary functions has become a hot point in this field.OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the influence of differences in age and therapeutical approach on the sexual and urinary function in patients with rectal cancer.DESIGN: Investigation study on patients.SETTING: General Surgery Department, the 309 Clinical Division, General Hospital of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Some male patients with rectal cancer hospitalized in the General Surgery Department, the 309 Clinical Division, General Hospital of Chinese PLA were involved from January 1999 to October 2000. All of the 79eligible patients had received a radical surgery for rectal cancer by the time of study. Their sexual and urinary function before surgery were normal and an over-2-year follow-up after surgery was conducted on each of them. The two groups, which were classified into two groups according to surgical ap-proaches they received, contained comparable quantity of sampling and age distributions, which prompts the validity of the comparison.METHODS: By distributing follow-up letters, outpatient inquiries and phone call investigations; the follow-up was conducted to evaluate the sexual functions in these patients, including their penile erection and ejaculation. The erectile function was assessed according to the International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire-5 (IIEF-5). The assessment on ejaculation was based on whether the patients had a sexual climax and whether they can ejaculate. The definition of urinary function consisted of both short-term and long-term urinary functions.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The sexual desire, erectile function, ejaculation and the urinary function in patients within different age brackets.RESULTS: After Miles operation, 81% patients developed sexual dysfunction, 46% got short-term urinary dysfunction(19/41) and 5 % (2/41) had long-term urinary dysfunction. While after Dixon operation, 55% patients had sexual dysfunction, 29% (11/38) had short-term urinary dysfunction, and none of the patients had long-term urinary dysfunction. The difference between the outcomes of the two operations was significant( P ＜ 0. 05) .Sexual dysfunction occurred at a rate of 38% in the less-than-40 age bracket, 60% in the 40-to-59 age bracket, and 96% in the over-60 age bracket. The overall differences between different pairs of age brackets were significantly ( P ＜ 0. 05 ).CONCLUSION: There is a high rate of postoperative sexual and urinary dysfunction in male population. The age of patients and the approach adopted in the surgery are directly correlated with the rate of dysfunction. An autonomic nerve-preserving radical operation for rectal cancer can reduce the occurrence of sexual and urinary dysfunction effectively.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of operative selective pump-insertion into the tumorous target artery, postoperative regional infusion chemotherapeutant and immunizator for treatment the latter gastrointestinal cancer.

METHODSThe effect of operative super-selective pump-insertion into the tumorous nutritious artery, postoperative regional infusion chemotherapeutant and immunizator for treatment 88 cases patients suffering from irremovable gastrointestinal cancer was observed. Of them, 45 cases were gastric cancer, 31 cases were rectal cancer, 11cases were colic cancer.

RESULTSComplete response 2 case; Part response 77 cases, 11 cases patients had received secondary resection after intraarterial chemotherapy. Non chang 9 cases; effective rates reach to 89.8%. One, two and three years survival rates were 86.4%, 30.7% and 10.2%. Average survival period were 21.5 mouths.

CONCLUSIONSuper-selective pump-insertion into the artery and regional intraarterial chemotherapy is an efficient way in treatment of the latter gastrointestinal cancer, which can delay the survival period of patients with tumor, and increase the resectable rate.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; mortality ; therapy ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Infusions, Intra-Arterial ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the value of infusion chemotherapy by pump implantation via hepatic artery or portal vein or both (double-pump chemotherapy, DPC) for hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer.

METHODSThirty patients with hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer were divided into three groups: 1. Group I-DPC (12 patients). 2. Group II-hepatic artery implantation chemotherapy (10 patients) and 3. Group III-portal vein implantation chemotherapy (8 patients).

RESULTSResponse rate was 66.7% in group I, 60% in group II and 37.5% in group III. The 0.5-, 1-, 2-year survival rates were 100.0%, 75.0%, 41.7% in group I, 90.0%, 60.0%, 30.0% in group II and 87.5%, 50.0%, 25.0% in group III.

CONCLUSIONDouble pump implantation chemotherapy is effective in treating hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer. It is better than hepatic artery or portal vein pump-implantation chemotherapy alone.

Adult ; Aged ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Drug Therapy ; methods ; Female ; Hepatic Artery ; Humans ; Infusion Pumps, Implantable ; Infusions, Intra-Arterial ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Portal Vein ; Therapeutics

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of regional perfusion of chemotherapeutic drug in rectal cancer patients who had undergone total mesorectum excision(TME).Methods The therapeutic effects were retrospectively analyzed of 178 rectal carcinoma patients,who were admitted in the hospital from 1999 to 2006,had undergone TME,and then received chemotherapy through various routes.Among them,a catheter was placed in the left internal iliac vein,and chemotherapeutic drug was administered through it postoperatively in 90 patients.The other 88 cases served as control,and they received systemic intra-venous chemotherapy after TME.No significant difference on clinical parameters was evident between the two groups during the course of treatment.The 1,3 and 5 year local recurrence rates,metastasis rates and survival rates of the two groups were compared.Results The 1,3 and 5 year local recurrence rates in the study group were 0,2.5%(2/79) and 3.9%(3/77),respectively,while they were 1.1%(1/88),3.9%(3/77) and 8.1%(6/74),respectively in control group.There was a significant difference in the local recurrence rate between two groups(P

To evaluate the effect of local resection plus axillary dissection in the treatment of early breast cancer, 112 cases of early breast cancer were divided into 2 groups: quadrant resection plus axillary dissection group(66 cases) and Halsted′s method group(46 cases).Their survival rate, local recurrence rate, metastasis rate,cosmetic effect of breast were observed for a prolonged period. The results showed that the 3,5,8 year survival rates in the first group were respectively 97 0%,87 9% and 71 2%. The 3,5,8 year survival rates in the second group were respectively 97 8%,80 5%,76 1%. The rate of local recurrence was 6 1% in the first group and 4 3% in the second group.The metastasis rate of the first group was 16 7%,and that of the second group was 21 6%.In 83 8% of patients in the first group,the breasts retained a satisfactory cosmetic form.It suggested that similar to the Halsted's method,the quadrant resection plus axillary dissection method is an ideal method to treat early breast cancer.

Objective To evaluate role of double stapling technique in anus-saving operations for patient with low rectal carcinoma.Method The double stapling technique was used for anus-saving in colorectal anastomosis after anterior resection in 52 patiens with rectal cancer from 1994 to 1999,and the results were evaluated.Results 2 cases were failed to close rectal.4 cases were failed to anastomose.2 cases had anastomotic fistula(3.8%).3 cases had anastomotic stenosis (5.8%).2 cases had waund infection.1 case had anastomotic bleeding.There was no operative death.Conclusion The double stapling technigue provided a safe alternative for anus-saving operation in patients with rectal cancer.

Objective To evaluate the necessity, feasibility, accuracy and clinical value of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy (SLNB) in early breast cancer. Methods In 32 cases with early breast cancer, sentinel lymph nodes identified by liposomes methylence blue mixture were excised for biopsy. The patients then received operations for breast cancer, including axillary lymph nodes dissection. SLN and avillary lymph nodes (ALN) were separately examined histopathologically. Results SLN was identified in 31 cases, success rate was 96.9%. In 9 of the 31 patients, SLN was positive for metastasis, in 22 of the 31 patients, SLN was negative for metastasis. In 10 of 32 patients, ALN was positive for metastasis, and in 22 of 32 patients, ALN was negative for metastasis. The sensitivity rate of SLNB was 90%, The accuracy rate of SLN was 93.8%, with a false negative rate of 10% and a false positive rate of zero. Conclusion The SLN biopsy can accurately predict the axillary metastasis for patients with breast cancer. Liposomes methylenc blue mixture tracing may increase the success rate of SLNB.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of chemotherapy via both hepatic artery and portal vein on liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Methods Forty-eight patients with colorectal cancer (admitted to our hospital from Jan, 1994 to Dec, 2000)were divided into group Ⅰ, in which 17 patients received chemotherapy via both hepatic artery and portal vein, group Ⅱ in which 16 patients received simple hepatic artery chemotherapy, and group Ⅲ in which 15 patients received simple portal vein chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was begun 2 weeks after operation. The drugs used in chemotherapy regime were 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) 500mg/m 2 + Mitomycin(MMC) 4mg/m 2 + Epirubicin(EPI) 60mg/m 2, once per week, 2-3 times as a course. The chemotherapy regime was the same for the 3 groups. Results The respective effective rate for liver metastasis was 76.5%, 62.5%, 46.7% in group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ, and group Ⅲ. The 0.5, 1 and 2 year survival rates were 100%, 82.4% and 52.9% respectively in group Ⅰ, 87.5%, 62.5% and 43.7% respectively in group Ⅱ, and 93.3%, 60% and 33.3% respectively in group Ⅲ. There were statistically significant differences between group Ⅰ and groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P