Objective:To explore the effects of parathyroid hormone(PTH)on the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts by reg-ulating macrophage polarization in inflammatory microenvironment.Methods:Macrophages were pretreated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)for 2 h to establish an inflammatory microenvironment model,and then treated with PTH for 24 h.Macrophages and osteo-blasts were co-cultured in Transwell cells.Alkaline phosphatase staining,alizarin red staining,RT-qPCR and Western blot were applied to detect osteogenic differentiation.The expression of SOCS1/JAK2/STAT3 protein in macrophages was detected by West-ern blot.The change of STAT3 expression was detected after adding AG490.The expression of miR-155-5p,SOCS1,IL-1β,IL-6 and i-NOS was detected by ELISA and RT-qPCR.Results:LPS induced M1-type polarization of macrophages and inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts.PTH inhibited the polarization of M1-type macrophages and promoted the osteogenic differ-entiation of osteoblasts in inflammatory microenvironment(P＜0.05).PTH down-regulated the expression of miR-155-5p,IL-1β,IL-6,i-NOS,p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 in macrophages under inflammatory microenvironment(P＜0.05),and up-reg-ulated SOCS1(P＜0.05).AG490 further inhibited p-STAT3/STAT3 expression.Conclusion:PTH inhibits the polarization of M1-type macrophages and promotes osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts by down-regulating miR-155-5p and then targeting SOCS1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in inflammatory microenvironment.

OBJECTIVE To understand the drug resistance among the acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)population who failed in the antiviral therapy from 2022 to 2023 and analyze the molecular network.METHODS The plasma specimens were collected from the population with viral load no less than 1000 cps/ml who received antiviral therapy for more than 6 months in Aksu area from 2022 to 2023,which were delivered to Aksu Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention for test.MEGA5 and the Stanford University drug resistance database were employed to determine the subtypes and drug resistance after the sequences of human immunodefi-ciency virus type Ⅰ polymerase gene region(HIV-1pol)were obtained,and the molecular network was established by HIV-trace.RESULTS Totally 648 sequences of HIV-1pol region were obtained,CRF07_BC(97.69％)was the major subtype,and the drug resistance rate was 58.33％;the drug resistance rates to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor(NNRTI),nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor(NRTI)and protease inhibitor(PI)were 51.70％,19.75％and8.64％,respectively.The univariate analysis showed that year(x2=6.341),age(x2=18.455)and route of infection(x2=14.061)had remarkable effects on the drug resistance among the population with failed ART(P＜0.05).Multivariate regression analysis indicated that the drug resistance rate was higher in 2022 than in 2023(95％CI:1.132 to 2.191),and the drug resistance rate was higher among the population aged less than 60 years old than among the population more than 6 years old(95％CI:3.647 to 70.268,95％CI:1.435 to 8.235,95％CI:1.061 to 6.164,re-spectively).With 1.5％of the genetic distance set as the threshold,the molecular network was established,the network access rate was 49.07％,77.14％of the clusters had drug-resistant mutation sites,and the male population was at higher risk of network access than the female population.CONCLUSIONS The drug resistance rate is relatively high among the AIDS population with failed ART,and the drug-resistant strains appear in clusters in the molecular network.It is neces-sary to further strengthen the monitoring of drug resistance and improve the quality of the follow-up so as to reduce the occurrence of drug resistance and transmission of virulent strains.

Objective:To explore the effects of parathyroid hormone(PTH)on the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts by reg-ulating macrophage polarization in inflammatory microenvironment.Methods:Macrophages were pretreated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)for 2 h to establish an inflammatory microenvironment model,and then treated with PTH for 24 h.Macrophages and osteo-blasts were co-cultured in Transwell cells.Alkaline phosphatase staining,alizarin red staining,RT-qPCR and Western blot were applied to detect osteogenic differentiation.The expression of SOCS1/JAK2/STAT3 protein in macrophages was detected by West-ern blot.The change of STAT3 expression was detected after adding AG490.The expression of miR-155-5p,SOCS1,IL-1β,IL-6 and i-NOS was detected by ELISA and RT-qPCR.Results:LPS induced M1-type polarization of macrophages and inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts.PTH inhibited the polarization of M1-type macrophages and promoted the osteogenic differ-entiation of osteoblasts in inflammatory microenvironment(P＜0.05).PTH down-regulated the expression of miR-155-5p,IL-1β,IL-6,i-NOS,p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 in macrophages under inflammatory microenvironment(P＜0.05),and up-reg-ulated SOCS1(P＜0.05).AG490 further inhibited p-STAT3/STAT3 expression.Conclusion:PTH inhibits the polarization of M1-type macrophages and promotes osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts by down-regulating miR-155-5p and then targeting SOCS1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in inflammatory microenvironment.

OBJECTIVE To understand the drug resistance among the acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)population who failed in the antiviral therapy from 2022 to 2023 and analyze the molecular network.METHODS The plasma specimens were collected from the population with viral load no less than 1000 cps/ml who received antiviral therapy for more than 6 months in Aksu area from 2022 to 2023,which were delivered to Aksu Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention for test.MEGA5 and the Stanford University drug resistance database were employed to determine the subtypes and drug resistance after the sequences of human immunodefi-ciency virus type Ⅰ polymerase gene region(HIV-1pol)were obtained,and the molecular network was established by HIV-trace.RESULTS Totally 648 sequences of HIV-1pol region were obtained,CRF07_BC(97.69％)was the major subtype,and the drug resistance rate was 58.33％;the drug resistance rates to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor(NNRTI),nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor(NRTI)and protease inhibitor(PI)were 51.70％,19.75％and8.64％,respectively.The univariate analysis showed that year(x2=6.341),age(x2=18.455)and route of infection(x2=14.061)had remarkable effects on the drug resistance among the population with failed ART(P＜0.05).Multivariate regression analysis indicated that the drug resistance rate was higher in 2022 than in 2023(95％CI:1.132 to 2.191),and the drug resistance rate was higher among the population aged less than 60 years old than among the population more than 6 years old(95％CI:3.647 to 70.268,95％CI:1.435 to 8.235,95％CI:1.061 to 6.164,re-spectively).With 1.5％of the genetic distance set as the threshold,the molecular network was established,the network access rate was 49.07％,77.14％of the clusters had drug-resistant mutation sites,and the male population was at higher risk of network access than the female population.CONCLUSIONS The drug resistance rate is relatively high among the AIDS population with failed ART,and the drug-resistant strains appear in clusters in the molecular network.It is neces-sary to further strengthen the monitoring of drug resistance and improve the quality of the follow-up so as to reduce the occurrence of drug resistance and transmission of virulent strains.

OBJECTIVEThis research aimed to investigate the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO) regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and to explore the mechanism by which PTH promotes DO.

METHODSA rabbit mandibular DO model was established. The rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The former were subcutaneously injected with different doses of PTH on alternate days, the latter was injected with normal saline every other day. Serum OPG levels were detected through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The OPG and RANKL expression levels in the DO-induced formation of a new bone tissue were examined through immunohistochemistry staining.

RESULTSThe serum OPG levels gradually increased during distraction. At the end of the stretch, the OPG expression in the experimental group was significantly stronger than that in the control group. As the fixed period was extended, the OPG expression in the new bone gradually decreased, but the RANKL expression increased.

CONCLUSIONIntermittent subcutaneous PTH injection can upregulate the OPG expression and accelerate bone metabolism. Thus, this procedure promotes the early generation of a new bone in the mandible through DO.

Animals ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Mandible ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; methods ; Osteoprotegerin ; metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone ; metabolism ; RANK Ligand ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation

To investigate the phenotypic characteristics of the strain of the rabies virus CTNCEC25, the strain of the China rabies virus CTN-1 adapted to primary chicken embryo cells (CECs), Vero cells, and mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells was inoculated with CTNCEC25 and parental CTN-1 strains to explore the cytopathic effect (CPE) and growth kinetics of CTNCEC25 on cultured cells. To determine the pathogenicity of CTNCEC25, suckling mice, adult mice, guinea pigs and rabbits were inoculated with CTNCEC25 via the intracerebral route and their survival monitored every day. Furthermore, the CTNCEC25 strain was passed serially in CECs for 20 passages and then 3 passages in the brains of suckling mice to determine phenotypic stability. CTNCEC25 achieved similar growth kinetics in Vero cells and N2a cells compared with parental CTN-1, but CTNCEC25 replicated more efficiently in CECs than the CTN-1 strain with a titer 72 h after infection reaching 10(7.5-7.6) FFU/mL, which was significantly higher than the 10(5.8) FFU/mL achieved by its parental strain, CTN-1. Moreover, CTNCEC25 induced apparent CPE in Vero cells, CECs and N2a cells. Analyses of intracerebral inoculation demonstrated that CTNCEC25 was attenuated profoundly in adult mice and was completely apathogenic to guinea pigs and rabbits, though it caused death in suckling mice. The CTNCEC25 strain proliferated steadily after serial passage in CECs and the brains of suckling mice, and remained avirulent in adult mice. These results suggest that CTNCEC25 is a highly attenuated and genetically stable strain of the rabies virus. CTNCEC25 replicated stably and efficiently in cultured cells and achieved high titers, so it could be a promising and safe vaccine strain for rabies prevention in China.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; China ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Mice ; Rabbits ; Rabies ; virology ; Rabies virus ; genetics ; growth & development ; pathogenicity ; Serial Passage ; Viral Vaccines ; adverse effects ; genetics ; Virulence

Objectives Through analyzing the published scientific papers from 2001 to 2010 by the professionals of the 31 provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention in China,offer reference for making plan about scientific research,disciplinary areas,personnel training.Methods Literature quantitative analysis and health statistics methods were used to analyze these papers.Results The professionals in 31 provincial CDC published a total of 22079 papers,Zhejiang 1669(7.56％),Guangxi 1579 (7.15 ％),Jiangsu 1410 (6.39 ％) are the top 3 provinces.The ratio of published papers in Zhonghua medical journal among all the papers are 1366(6.19％),the first three provinces Tianjinlll (13.67％).Beijing160 (13.57％).Shaanxi34 (10.59％).Average papers published by the eastern,central and western regions are 1131,452,444,eastern above western regions (P =0.0065.P =0.0028).Conclusion In recent ten years,the quantity and quality of papers published by the professionals of provincial CDC in China were improved.The unbalanced development exist among eastern,central and western regions,But the majority CDC's papers should be strengthened further.

Five compounds were isolated frorn the leaves of wild Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A- Meyer)collected in Jilin Province. Their chemical structures were identified as ginsenoside-Rh2,-Rh1, -Rg2,-Rg1 and -Re on the basisof melting point,IR, 1H, 13CNMR, FAB-MS and chemical evidences.