BACKGROUND:The biological behavior of mesenchymal stem cells is influenced by the survival microenvironment.Pre-treatment of the microenvironment is an important means of regulating the function of mesenchymal stem cells. OBJECTIVE:To compare the differences in paracrine function of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and adipose mesenchymal stem cells under oxidative stress and hypoxia,and to provide a theoretical basis for selecting appropriate pretreatment of mesenchymal stem cells to treat different diseases. METHODS:Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and adipose mesenchymal stem cells were cultured by H2O2 or O2 oxygen,respectively,and cell morphology,proliferation,viability and paracrine factor expression were examined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and transforming growth factor-β were higher in umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells than in adipose mesenchymal stem cells under a normal culture environment,while the expressions of stromal cell-derived factor-1α and tumor necrosis factor stimulating factor-6 in the adipose mesenchymal stem cells were significantly higher than those in the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.(2)There was no significant difference in the effect of low and moderate levels(≤100 μmol/L)of H2O2 on the viability of the two mesenchymal stem cells.However,increasing the H2O2 concentration from 50 μmol/L to 100 μmol/L resulted in a distinct increase in vascular endothelial growth factor expression in umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.The expression of basic fibroblast growth factor,vascular endothelial growth factor,stromal cell-derived factor-1α and interleukin-10 in adipose mesenchymal stem cells was greatly increased by increasing H2O2 concentration in this range.(3)1%O2 hypoxia promoted mesenchymal stem cell proliferation.After 24 hours of culture in 1%O2,gene expression levels were elevated in both mesenchymal stem cells,but the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor,interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor stimulating factor-6 were significantly higher in adipose mesenchymal stem cells than in umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.(4)It is concluded that hypoxia and oxidative stress preconditioning enhances the paracrine function of mesenchymal stem cells.However,mesenchymal stem cells respond differently to hypoxia and oxidative stress.Treating diseases can choose suitable mesenchymal stem cells for appropriate pretreatment to further enhance their therapeutic potential.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Icaritin Ⅱ (ICAⅡ) on bladder in radiation cystitis model.Methods:A total of 18 10-week-old male SD rats were selected from July 2021 to March 2022 and divided into control group, model group and treatment group by random number table method, with 6 cases in each group. Model group and treatment group were given a single dose of 20 Gy X-ray irradiation in the pelvic area. 24 h after irradiation, the treatment group was given ICAⅡ 4.5 mg/(kg·d) gavage, while the control group and model group were given the same volume of solvent (10% anhydrous ethanol, 20% isopropyl alcohol, 30% polyethylene glycol and 40% deionized water) gavage for 4 consecutive weeks. Drug eluting for 1 week. The bladder volume and leakage point pressure of the three groups of rats were measured by multi-conducting physiological apparatus, and the bladder function was evaluated. HE staining, Masson staining, ELISA, TUNEL staining and western blotting were performed on the bladder samples of the three groups of rats. The pathological changes (thickness of bladder mucosa, ratio of smooth muscle to collagen fiber), oxidative stress level (superoxide dismutase SOD, malondialdehyde), apoptosis rate, protein levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6, NF-kB) and anti-oxidative stress signaling pathway factors (Nrf2, HO-1) of the three groups of rats were compared.Results:After 4 weeks of modeling, in the model group, the bladder volume [(1.01±0.12)ml vs. (1.58±0.21)ml, P=0.001], the bladder leakage point pressure [(38.79±4.12) cmH 2O (1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa)vs.(60.59±3.81) cmH 2O, P=0.001], the ratio of smooth muscle of bladder wall to collagen fiber [1.78±0.17 vs.3.15±0.57, P=0.001], SOD[(6.31±0.73) U/mg vs.(14.67±1.04) U/mg, P=0.001] were lower than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. In the model group, the thickness of bladder mucosa [(47.33±1.78)μm vs.(20.83±2.33)μm, =, P=0.001], malondialdehyde [(1.01±0.13) nmol/mg vs.(0.49±0.03) nmol/mg, P=0.001], IL-6 (0.87±0.11 vs. 0.33±0.10, P=0.001), NF-kB (0.71±0.14 vs. 0.29±0.07, P=0.001), apoptosis rate [(11.60±3.04)% vs. (3.91±1.40)%, P=0.007] was higher than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. In the treatment group, the bladder volume [(1.27±0.13)ml, P=0.030], bladder leakage point pressure [(47.83±2.50)cmH 2O, P=0.004], smooth muscle to collagen fiber ratio (2.78±0.68, P=0.015), SOD[(10.48±0.85) U/mg, Compared with model group, bladder mucosa thickness [(31.94±3.20)μm, P=0.001], malondialdehyde [(0.64±0.09) nmol/mg, P=0.001], IL-6 (0.69±0.11, P=0.035), NF-kB (0.45±0.06, P=0.002) and apoptosis rate [(6.05±0.60)%, P=0.030] were lower than those in model group. The protein expression level of Nrf2 in model group (0.73±0.08 vs. 0.58±0.11, P=0.023) was higher than that in control group, but there was no significant difference in the protein expression level of downstream antioxidant factor HO-1 (0.50±0.14 vs. 0.35±0.06, P=0.060). Nrf2 protein expression level (0.88±0.03, P=0.027) and HO-1 expression level (0.68±0.07, P=0.026) in treatment group were higher than those in model group. Conclusion:ICAⅡ can reduce radiation cystitis injury, and its mechanism may be related to anti-oxidative stress and reducing inflammation.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) concept in perioperative period of retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy.Methods:The clinical data of 189 patients who underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy from October 2015 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different perioperative management methods, they were divided into two groups: ERAS group ( n=97) and traditional group ( n=92). Patients of ERAS group were managed by the ERAS concept during the perioperative period, patients of traditional group were managed by the traditional method during the perioperative period. First drinking time after surgery, first exhaust time, 24 h postoperative pain score, first activity time out of bed, indwelling time of urinary catheter, indwelling time of drainage tube, postoperative hospital stay, incision length and complications of pneumonia and venous thrombosis were recorded and compared between the two groups. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( Mean± SD), and independent sample t-test was used for comparison between groups; count data comparison between groups was by Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability method. Results:There were no significant differences in age, gender, body mass index, tumor side, tumor diameter, maximum diameter of samples, T stage, diabetes and hypertension from between two groups ( P >0.05). In ERAS group, the time of first drinking water after surgery was (3.8±1.4) h, the time of first anal exhaust was (10.2±2.5) h, the 24 h pain score was (2.4±1.0), the time of first activity out of bed after surgery was (18.8±3.6) h, the indwelling time of urinary catheter was (19.8±3.7) h, the indwelling time of drainage tube was (3.4±0.5) d, the surgical incision length was (7.2±0.9) cm, and the postoperative hospital stay was (5.5±0.6) d. In the traditional group, the time of first drinking water after surgery was (21.2±4.2) h, the time of first anal exhaust was (20.1±4.3) h, the 24 h pain score was (5.4±1.0), the time of first activity out of bed after surgery was (32.8±7.8) h, the indwelling time of urinary catheter was (55.7±8.0) h, the indwelling time of drainage tube was (4.2±0.5) d, the surgical incision length was (13.6±1.5) cm, and the postoperative hospital stay was (7.2±1.3) d. There were statistically significant differences in these indexes between the two groups ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The clinical application of the concept of ERAS during the perioperative period can promote the rapid postoperative recovery of patients undergoing retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, and can effectively reflect the minimally invase advantages of retroperitoneal laparoscopic technology.

This study reports the surgical treatment of a female patient at age of 64 years with novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) latent infection complicated with esophageal foreign body perforation with no significant changes in the lung CT. The patient was confirmed as SARS-CoV-2 infection on the 4th day after surgery and then was transferred into the Department of Infectious Disease in our hospital for treatment. This case has guiding value for the operation of thoracic surgery during the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia.

Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia (COVID-19) outbreak has occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, and the epidemic situation has continued to spread. Such cases have also been found in other parts of the country. The spread of the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic has brought great challenges to the clinical practice of thoracic surgery. Outpatient clinics need to strengthen the differential diagnosis of ground glass opacity and pulmonary plaque shadows. During the epidemic, surgical indications are strictly controlled, and selective surgery is postponed. Patients planning to undergo a limited period of surgery should be quarantined for 2 weeks and have a nucleic acid test when necessary before surgery. For patients who are planning to undergo emergency surgery, nucleic acid testing should be carried out before surgery, and three-level protection should be performed during surgery. Patients who are planning to undergo emergency surgery in the epidemic area should be confirmed with or without novel coronavirus pneumonia before operation, and perform nucleic acid test if necessary. Surgical disinfection and isolation measures should be strictly carried out. Among postoperative patients, cases with new coronavirus infection were actively investigated. For the rescue of patients with novel coronavirus infection, attention needs to be paid to prevention and treatment and related complications, including mechanical ventilation-related pneumothorax or mediastinal emphysema, and injury after tracheal intubation.

Objective: To compare the effects of video assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS) of intercostal surgery and by subxiphoid surgical treatment for early thymoma, to investigate the feasibility and clinical application value of VATS subxiphoid surgical treatment for thymoma. Methods: From January 2014 to January 2017, 30 thymoma patients who met the diagnostic criteria of the Masaoka stageⅠ~Ⅱ in the People's Hospital of Jingshan County were selected, and were divided into two groups according to the different surgical methods.The observation group (12 patients) received VATS underwent subxiphoid surgery, 18 patients in the control group were treated with VATS intercostal surgery.The operation time, blood loss, drainage time, length of stay, degree of pain, antibacterial time, incidence rate of complication and patients' satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results: The preoperative general data between the two groups had no statistically significant differences(all P>0.05). The operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative drainage time, antibacterial time, postoperative hospitalization time in the observation group were (102.2±26.6)min, (105.9±29.4)mL, (3.8±1.4)d, (6.8±0.3)d, (8.5±1.6)d, respectively, which in the control group were (124.6±35.1)min, (255.6±82.8)mL, (5.2±1.2)d, (9.3±0.8)d, (14.4±1.8)d, respectively, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups(t=1.516, 2.517, 2.857, 4.462, 3.327, all P<0.05). The incidence rate of complications (8.33% vs.16.67%), satisfaction(82% vs.59%) between the two groups had statistically significant differences(χ²=4.013, 4.427, all P<0.05). During the follow-up period, there was no recurrence or metastasis in the two groups. Conclusion Compared with VATS intercostal surgery, VATS subxiphoid approach for surgical treatment of thymoma can reduce surgical trauma and reduce the incidence of complications, reduce the pain of patients, shorten the hospitalization time, its curative effect is more significant.

Objective:To study the feasibility of transplantation of normal rat penile corpus cavernosum and major pelvic ganglion (MPG)into the renal subserous region of a Nu /Nu mouse based on allograft technology.Methods:Penile corpus cavernosum and MPG,harvested from Sprague-Dawley (SD)rats under sterile condition,were transplanted underneath the kidney capsule of Nu /Nu mice through the mi-crosurgery instruments and surgery microscope.The histopathologic changes and cellular proliferation in the transplanted penile corpus cavernosum and MPG were then analyzed at the end of 1week and 4 weeks after transplantation.Histological staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate the main outcome measures.Results:After 1 week,the tissue morphology of the transplanted corpus caverno-sum underneath the kidney capsule of Nu /Nu mice was consistent with normal penile corpus cavernosum, and blood could be observed in the penis cavernous sinus of the graft;after 4 weeks,the mophorlogy of the tranplanted corpus cavernosum near the kidney was consistent with normal penile corpus cavernosum, while fibrosis was noteworthy in the graft away from the kidney,but blood could still be seen in the penis cavernous sinus.After 1 week,the tissue morphology of the transplanted MPG was consistent with normal MPG,multiple islet-like cell clusters could be seen in the transplanted MPG in the renal subserous re-gion,and angiogenesis could be observed near the kidney;after 4 weeks,a network of blood vessels was clearly visible away from the kidney,and islet-like cell clusters were still clearly observed in the trans-planted MPG.In addition,ki67 positive cells were observed in the transplanted penile corpus cavernosum and MPG after 4 weeks of transplantation,which indicated that there was still cell proliferation activity in the grafts.Conclusion:The transplanted corpus cavernosum and MPG underneath the kidney capsule of Nu /Nu mice could survive at least 4 weeks.Moreover,the inner structure of the transplanted corpus ca-vernosum and MPG was close to the normal tissue.The underlining mechanism may be related to the lo-cal microenvironment underneath the kidney capsule of Nu /Nu mice and the neovascularization in the transplanted grafts.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of transdorsal-to-plantar (TDP) or transplantar-to-dorsal (TPD) retrograde endovascular angioplasty in treating below-the-knee arterial occlusion diseases, and to compare it with conventional anterograde endovascular angioplasty. Methods A total of 96 patients with below-the-knee arterial occlusion diseases (112 diseased lower extremities in total), who were admitted to authors’ hospital during the period from Oct. 2009 to July 2011 to receive conventional anterograde endovascular angioplasty, were enrolled in this study. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 112 diseased lower extremities, conventional anterograde endovascular angioplasty failed in 27, and TDP or TPD retrograde endovascular angioplasty had to be carried out. A total of 71 patients (85 diseased lower limbs) were successfully treated with conventional anterograde endovascular angioplasty (routine group), while 20 patients (22 diseased lower limbs) were successfully treated with retrograde endovascular angioplasty (retrograde group). The preoperative ankle-brachial index(ABI), the coronary angiography-based thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow score, the dorsal or plantar arterial pulse score, the postoperative limb salvage rate and target vessel patency rate were calculated, and the results were compared between the two groups. Results The technical success rate in the retrograde group and the routine group was 75.9% and 74.0%respectively (P>0.05). Preoperative ABI value of the retrograde group and the routine group was 0.55± 0.21 and 0.56±0.14 respectively, after the treatment which increased to 0.93±0.19 and 0.89±0.18 respectively (P>0.05). Preoperative TIMI score of the retrograde group and the routine group was 0.1 ±0.5 and 0.8 ±0.8 respectively, which significantly increased to 2.5±0.6 and 1.8±0.8 respectively (P<0.000 1). In the retrograde group, the blood flow perfusion of the distal foot tissue was improved. The primary target vessel patency rate at 12 months and 24 months after the treatment in the retrograde group and the routine group were 63.6%(14/22), 45.5%(10/22) and 52.9%(45/85), 37.6%(32/85) respectively (P>0.05). Twenty-four months after endovascular angioplasty Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the limb salvage rate of the retrograde group and the routine group was 95.5%and 96.5%respectively (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with conventional anterograde endovascular angioplasty for the treatment of below-the-knee arterial occlusion diseases, retrograde endovascular angioplasty via TDP or TPD path can immediately improve the blood flow with obvious improvement of ABI score, primary target vessel patency rate as well as the limb salvage rate. Therefore, retrograde endovascular angioplasty should be regarded as an effective supplementary technique when anterograde angioplasty fails.

Although phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) are a revolution in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) and have been marketed since 1998, they cannot restore pathological changes in the penis. Low-energy shock wave therapy (LESWT) has been developed for treating ED, and clinical studies have shown that LESWT has the potential to affect PDE5I non-responders with ED with few adverse effects. Animal studies have shown that LESWT significantly improves penile hemodynamics and restores pathological changes in the penis of diabetic ED animal models. Although the mechanisms remain to be investigated, recent studies have reported that LESWT could partially restore corpus cavernosum fibromuscular pathological changes, endothelial dysfunction, and peripheral neuropathy. LESWT could be a novel modality for treating ED, and particularly PDE5I non-responders with organic ED, in the near future. However, further extensive evidence-based basic and clinical studies are needed. This review intends to summarize the scientific background underlying the effect of LESWT on ED.
Animals ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Hemodynamics ; Lithotripsy ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Penis ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; Shock*

BACKGROUND:Cel transplantation offers a new promise of rebuilding the damaged myocardium. But the results of them are not consistent. It is not clear if the transplanted cel s can permanently improve heart function and the mechanism underlying this therapeutic effect. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of intracoronary autologous bone marrow mononuclear cel transplantation on cardiac function, and angiogenesis and cytokine production in canines with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS:Left anterior descending coronary artery ligation was used to produce acute myocardial infarction models in hybrid canines. Bone marrow mononuclear cel s were harvested by using puncture of anterior crest and posterior superior iliac spine to prepare cel suspension. Sixteen hybrid canines were randomly divided into transplantation group (n=10) and control group (n=6). Bone marrow mononuclear cel s (transplantation group, n=10) or normal saline (control group, n=6) were intracoronarily infused into infarction-related arteries 2 hours after acute myocardial infarction. To evaluate the heart function, we used echocardiography at 2 hours and 6 weeks after acute myocardial infarction. Capil ary density was assessed 6 weeks after transplantation by using von Wil ebrand factor test. The mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor 188, vascular endothelial growth factor 164, basic fibroblast growth factor and matrix metal oproteinase-9 in the infarct area were determined by reverse transcription-PCR at 6 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In contrast to the control group, ejection fraction and stroke volume at 6 weeks after transplantation increased significantly in the transplantation group. The transplantation group had a greater amount of new vessels in the peri-infarct area than the control group. Compared with the control group, the mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor 188, vascular endothelial growth factor 164, and basic fibroblast growth factor significantly increased in the transplantation group, but the mRNA level of matrix metal oproteinase-9 significantly decreased in the transplantation group. These findings suggest that intracoronary transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cel s may improve the cardiac function, and increase capil ary density, especial y in the border zone of infarcted myocardium. Otherwise, bone marrow mononuclear cel transplantation can increase the mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor 188, vascular endothelial growth factor 164, and basic fibroblast growth factor, but decrease the mRNA level of matrix metal oproteinase-9.