ObjectiveQi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome is a common type of clinical traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） syndrome. However， there is no standard， scientific， and accurate report on the construction of animal models of Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome. This study aims to construct a mouse model of Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome by using a multi-factor composite modeling method and to evaluate the model. MethodsTwenty-one C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups with seven mice in each group， which were the normal group， model group， and Shenling Baizhusan （SLBZ） group. The control group was fed with ordinary diet and kept in a normal environment. The model group and SLBZ group were fed with a high-fat diet in a high-humidity environment. Swimming with heavy weights until exhaustion and gavage with cold water or lard were used to establish the mouse model of Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome. In order to test the syndrome by prescription， mice in the SLBZ group were treated with SLBZ for 14 days after model construction. The exhaustive swimming time， body weight， serum lipid levels， tongue changes， "Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness" assessment scale score， and cecal index of mice in each group were measured. The feces of each group of mice were sent for metagenomics and metabolome sequencing， and the changes in intestinal flora and metabolites were analyzed. ResultsAfter the modeling of Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome， the exhaustive swimming time of mice was obviously shortened （P<0.01）. The serum total cholesterol， low density lipoprotein cholesterol， and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol of mice were significantly increased （all P<0.01）. The tongue of mice was significantly different from that of the normal group， and the score of the assessment scale was significantly higher than that of the control group （P<0.01）. Cecal index decreased significantly （P<0.01）. The serum lipid level， tongue image， assessment scale score， and cecal index were reversed in the SLBZ group. Metagenomic and metabolome sequencing results showed that intestinal flora and fecal metabolites were significantly changed in mice with Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome. Akkermansia_muciniphila， Faecalibaculum_rodentium， Eubacterium_plexicaudatum， Eubacterium sp 14_2， Candida glabrata， Romboutsia_ilealis， Turicibacter sp TS3， and other bacteria had significant changes， and the expressions of intestinal metabolites such as chenodeoxycholic acid， choline， L-phenylalanine betaine， and 2-phenylbutyric acid were significantly changed. Related metabolic pathways such as linoleic acid metabolism， primary bile acid biosynthesis， lysine degradation， arginine biosynthesis， and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism were affected. ConclusionThe Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness model of mice can be constructed by the multi-factor composite modeling method of high-fat diet feeding， high-humidity environment feeding， exhaustive swimming with heavy weight， and intragastric administration with cold water or lard. The blood lipid level， tongue change， score of "Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness assessment scale"， cecal index， and changes in related intestinal flora and metabolites of mice can be used as key indicators for model evaluation.

Objective To study the root canal morphology of permanent mandibular anterior teeth and explore its correlation with the occurrence of three-rooted mandibular molars using cone beam computed tomographic(CBCT)imaging.Methods CBCT image data of 200 subjects were randomly collected from dental clinics.The root canal morphology of the mandibular anterior teeth was identified and classified by Vertucci's classification,and the root length and labio-lingual dimension at the tooth neck level were measured.The occurrence of three-rooted mandibular first molars was examined as well.The concurrence rates of double-canaled anterior teeth and three-rooted mandibular first molars at each side,and concurrence rates of bilateral double-canaled anterior teeth and three-rooted man-dibular first molars were calculated.Spearman correlation tests were applied to analyze the correlation between the double-canaled ante-rior teeth and three-rooted mandibular first molars,as well as the bilateral antimetric teeth.Results The incidence of double-canaled system was 10.4％,18.6％and 6.5％in mandibular central incisors,lateral incisors and canines,respectively;the bilateral concur-rence rates were 5.7％,11.1％and 3.0％,respectively,and Spearman correlation coefficients(rho)were 0.487,0.505 and 0.440(P＜0.01),respectively;gender difference and side difference were not detected(P＞0.05).The frequency of three-rooted mandibular first molars was 24.6％;gender difference was not detected(P＞0.05),while the incidence was significantly higher at the right side(29.0％)than the left side(20.3％)(P＜0.05).The bilateral concurrence rate was 17.4％,and a moderate correlation was detected(rho=0.666,P＜0.01).The concurrence rates between the double-canaled anterior teeth and three-rooted mandibular first molars at each side were very low(2.6％-7.6％),and Spearman correlation tests demonstrated that no correlation(P＞0.05)could be detected between them.Conclusion The lateral incisors exhibited the highest incidence of two root canals among the mandibular anterior teeth.Ad-ditionally,there was no significant corr-elation between three-rooted mandibular first molars and double-canaled mandibular anterior teeth.

Objective To explore the correlation between psoas major index(PMI)in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)and prognosis after rituximab,cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine,prednisone(R-CHOP)chemotherapy.Methods Totally 148 DLBCL patients who received R-CHOP chemotherapy were retrospectively enrolled.Based on axis CT image at L3 vertebral transverse process,bilateral psoas muscles were delineated,and PMI was calculated.Then the patients were divided into muscle reduction group(≤lower quartile,n=37)and control group(＞lower quartile,n=111)according to the lower quartile of PMI.Clinical and imaging data were compared between groups,and the correlations of PMI with the above indexes were analyzed.The impact factors of prognosis of DLBCL were observed.Results Significant differences of body mass index(BMI),Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)score,international prognostic index(IPI),the proportion of B symptoms,mortality rate,3-year survival rate,β2-microglobulin,hemoglobin,albumin and PMI were found between groups(all P＜0.05).PMI of DLBCL patient was negatively correlated with age,ECOG score,IPI,β2-microglobulin and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)(r=—0.126,-0.225,—0.262,—0.232,—0.229,all P＜0.05),but positively correlated with BMI and hemoglobin(r=0.282,0.376,both P＜0.05).The age,ECOG score,IPI and PMI were all independent impact factors of overall survival in DLBCL patients(all P＜0.05).Conclusion PMI was an independent impact factor of prognosis of DLBCL after R-CHOP chemotherapy.

Heart rate is a crucial indicator of human health with significant physiological importance. Traditional contact methods for measuring heart rate, such as electrocardiograph or wristbands, may not always meet the need for convenient health monitoring. Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) provides a non-contact method for measuring heart rate and other physiological indicators by analyzing blood volume pulse signals. This approach is non-invasive, does not require direct contact, and allows for long-term healthcare monitoring. Deep learning has emerged as a powerful tool for processing complex image and video data, and has been increasingly employed to extract heart rate signals remotely. This article reviewed the latest research advancements in rPPG-based heart rate measurement using deep learning, summarized available public datasets, and explored future research directions and potential advancements in non-contact heart rate measurement.
Humans ; Deep Learning ; Heart Rate/physiology* ; Photoplethysmography/methods* ; Video Recording ; Face ; Monitoring, Physiologic/methods* ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Objective To explore the correlation between psoas major index(PMI)in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)and prognosis after rituximab,cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine,prednisone(R-CHOP)chemotherapy.Methods Totally 148 DLBCL patients who received R-CHOP chemotherapy were retrospectively enrolled.Based on axis CT image at L3 vertebral transverse process,bilateral psoas muscles were delineated,and PMI was calculated.Then the patients were divided into muscle reduction group(≤lower quartile,n=37)and control group(＞lower quartile,n=111)according to the lower quartile of PMI.Clinical and imaging data were compared between groups,and the correlations of PMI with the above indexes were analyzed.The impact factors of prognosis of DLBCL were observed.Results Significant differences of body mass index(BMI),Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)score,international prognostic index(IPI),the proportion of B symptoms,mortality rate,3-year survival rate,β2-microglobulin,hemoglobin,albumin and PMI were found between groups(all P＜0.05).PMI of DLBCL patient was negatively correlated with age,ECOG score,IPI,β2-microglobulin and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)(r=—0.126,-0.225,—0.262,—0.232,—0.229,all P＜0.05),but positively correlated with BMI and hemoglobin(r=0.282,0.376,both P＜0.05).The age,ECOG score,IPI and PMI were all independent impact factors of overall survival in DLBCL patients(all P＜0.05).Conclusion PMI was an independent impact factor of prognosis of DLBCL after R-CHOP chemotherapy.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic mucosal resection with ligation device (EMR-L) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the rectal neuroendocrine neoplasm (rNEN) ( ≤ 10 mm).Methods Databases such as the Cochrane Library,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,SinoMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Weipu and Wanfang database were searched by computer.The retrieval time limit was December 13,2023.The literatures on the efficacy of EMR-L and ESD in treatment of rNEN patients were collected.Two researchers independently screened the literatures and extracted the data,evaluated the methodological quality by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).The Rev Man 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis and funnel plot,and STATA 18.0 was used for publication bias detection.Results 14 literatures were included in the study involving 1,234 patients,including 488 patients in the EMR-L group,518 patients in the ESD group and other operation types 228 cases.Meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference in histological complete resection rate between the EMR-L group and the ESD group (O(R)=1.24,95％CI:0.54～2.86,P=0.610);The difference was not statistically significant of lesion diameter (WMD=-0.27,95％CI:-0.77～0.23,P=0.290);The operative time of EMR-L group was significantly shorter than that of ESD (WMD=-12.71,95％CI:-17.51～-7.92,P=0.000);There was no significant difference in the positive rate of horizontal and vertical margins between groups (P>0.05).There were no significant differences in the incidence of total complications,postoperative delayed bleeding and intestinal perforation among the groups (P>0.05).Conclusion Compared with ESD,the treatment of rNEN with diameter ≤ 10 mm by EMR-L is comparable effective and save more time.EMR-L is suitable for extensive using because of simple technical requirements for surgical instruments and endoscopists.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.06.016.].

Objective To investigate the effects of berberine on UCP2 expression and the mitochondrial dy-namics in skeletal muscle and kidney in mice with ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) of lower limb.Methods Thirty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into the negative control group,the positive control group,and low,medium and high doses berberine intervention groups.The mice in all experimental groups constructed the ischemia reperfusion injury model of lower limbs by tourniquet,different doses of berberine solution were injected intraperitoneally for intervention,while the ischemia repeating supply group used normal saline for re-placement.The HE staining was used to detect the pathological conditions of skeletal muscle and kidney,PCR and Western blot were used to detect the gene and protein expression levels of UCP2,FIS1,DRP1,Mfn1 and Mfn2,and the changes of SOD,MDA and GSH were detected by kit.Results After IRI intervention in the both lower extremities,the inflammatory cell infiltration occurred in both skeletal muscle and kidney,and the cell structure of skeletal muscle showed the damage changes.Meanwhile,the gene and protein expressions lev-els of UCP2,FIS1 and DRP1 and the levels of GSH and SOD in skeletal muscle were significantly increased (P<0.05),while the gene and protein expression levels of Mfn1 and Mfn2 and the levels of MDA were signif-icantly decreased (P<0.05).The increase of UCP2 and DRP1 gene and protein expression levels in kidney was different (P<0.05).Berberine could up-regulate the UCP2 gene expression in skeletal muscle and the pro-tein expression in skeletal muscle (P<0.05).At the same time,DRP1 gene and protein were significantly inhibited in the kidney tissue (P<0.05),but which in skeletal muscle had no significant change.Conclusion IRI of skeletal muscle of lower extremity in mice leads to severe oxidative stress injury,mitochondrial dynamic imbalance and inflammatory damage of kidney in the injured parts.The therapeutic effect of berberine on skeletal muscle and kidney IRI may be achieved by inhibiting oxidative stress injury,in which its protective effect on kidney may also be related to inhibit the expression of DRP1 after UCP2 up-regulation,thus limit the mitochondrial fission and slow down the development of injury.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic mucosal resection with ligation device (EMR-L) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the rectal neuroendocrine neoplasm (rNEN) ( ≤ 10 mm).Methods Databases such as the Cochrane Library,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,SinoMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Weipu and Wanfang database were searched by computer.The retrieval time limit was December 13,2023.The literatures on the efficacy of EMR-L and ESD in treatment of rNEN patients were collected.Two researchers independently screened the literatures and extracted the data,evaluated the methodological quality by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).The Rev Man 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis and funnel plot,and STATA 18.0 was used for publication bias detection.Results 14 literatures were included in the study involving 1,234 patients,including 488 patients in the EMR-L group,518 patients in the ESD group and other operation types 228 cases.Meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference in histological complete resection rate between the EMR-L group and the ESD group (O(R)=1.24,95％CI:0.54～2.86,P=0.610);The difference was not statistically significant of lesion diameter (WMD=-0.27,95％CI:-0.77～0.23,P=0.290);The operative time of EMR-L group was significantly shorter than that of ESD (WMD=-12.71,95％CI:-17.51～-7.92,P=0.000);There was no significant difference in the positive rate of horizontal and vertical margins between groups (P>0.05).There were no significant differences in the incidence of total complications,postoperative delayed bleeding and intestinal perforation among the groups (P>0.05).Conclusion Compared with ESD,the treatment of rNEN with diameter ≤ 10 mm by EMR-L is comparable effective and save more time.EMR-L is suitable for extensive using because of simple technical requirements for surgical instruments and endoscopists.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of Astragali Radix （AR）-Angelicae Sinensis Radix （ASR） drug pair on supplementing Qi and activating blood circulation in rats with Qi deficiency and blood stasis and provide a theoretical basis for clinical rational medication and identification and quality control of compound pharmacodynamic substances from the three aspects of characteristic map， identification of pharmacodynamic substances， and comparison of blood components. MethodHigh-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was employed to establish the fingerprint of AR∶ASR （3∶1）， and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS） was employed to analyze the ingredients of the decoction. Adult male Wistar rats with SPF grades were selected and randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， a 3∶1 group， and a 5∶1 group. The rat model of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome was prepared by controlling food intake and swimming in cold water every day. In parallel， each group was given medicine （or water） once a day. The dose of drug groups was 10.2 g∙kg^-1， and the model group and blank group were given the same amount of distilled water for 15 d. Animal behavior， body weight， whole blood and plasma viscosity， thymus index， spleen index， the levels of adenosine triphosphate （ATP）， adenosine diphosphate（ADP）， von willebrand factor （vWF）， and ATP/ADP value in serum of rats were recorded. The morphology of vascular endothelium was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and scanning electron microscopy. UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS was used to analyze prototype and metabolic components in serum. ResultThe fingerprint of AR-ASR drug pair （AR-ASR 3∶1） was established. UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS identified 49 chemical components in vitro and preliminarily identified 11 prototype components absorbed into blood in vivo. As compared with the blank group， the body mass decreased significantly （P<0.01）， the whole blood （high shear， middle shear， and low shear） viscosity and plasma viscosity were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the thymus index and spleen index decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）， serum ATP content decreased significantly （P<0.01）， ADP content increased significantly （P<0.01）， ATP/ADP value decreased significantly （P<0.01）， and vWF content increased significantly （P<0.01）. The results of HE staining and scanning electron microscopy showed that the vessels were partially damaged， showing the structural disorder of the intima， the bulge， defect， and roughness of the endothelium， and the obvious cell adhesion and migration in the model group. As compared with the model group， the body mass also increased significantly （P<0.01）. The results of whole blood and plasma viscosity showed that the whole blood low shear viscosity was significantly decreased in the 3∶1 group （P<0.05）. The results of thymus index and spleen index showed that 5∶1 group significantly increased the thymus index of rats （P<0.05）. The results of serum ATP and ADP levels showed that the 5∶1 group had more significant effects on ATP and ADP levels （P<0.05）， and both groups significantly reduced ATP/ADP values （P<0.01）. The results of serum vWF level showed that the vWF content in the 3∶1 group decreased significantly （P<0.05）. The results of HE staining and scanning electronic microscopy showed that the damage of vascular endothelium was improved in the treatment group and the structure of intima was neat. ConclusionAR-ASR drug pair can improve the macro and micro indexes of rats with qi deficiency and blood stasis in the 3∶1 and 5∶1 groups. Overall， the 5∶1 ratio has a better effect on supplementing Qi but 3∶1 ratio has a better effect on promoting blood circulation.