Objective To investigate the relationship between platelet distribution width(PDW)and coronary artery calcification(CAC)in overweight and obese populations.Methods Clinical and chest CT data of 10 838 subjects with overweight or obesity(body mass index[BMI]≥24 kg/m2)were retrospectively analyzed.The subjects were divided into CAC group(n=4 237)and non-CAC group(n=6 601)based on CAC scores obtained from chest CT.The relationship between PDW and CAC in overweight and obese populations was analyzed after controlling confounding variables.A threshold effect analysis was conducted using a two-stage logistic model to find the non-linear inflection point.Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted to validate the stability of the relationship between PDW and CAC.Results Non-linear relationship was observed between PDW and CAC risk in overweight and obese populations.The risk of CAC decreased with the increase of PDW which ≤17.80％(OR=0.82),but increased with the increase of PDW(OR=1.04)which＞17.80％.Subgroup analysis showed that the relationship between PDW and CAC remained stable in subgroups of different genders,BMI(＜28 kg/m2,≥28 kg/m2)and hypertension(all P＞0.05).Compared with aged＜40 years or ≥60 years subgroups,under the same PDW,aged≥40 and＜60 years subgroups had higher risk of CAC(interaction P=0.015).Conclusion Nonlinear relationship existed between PDW and CAC in overweight and obese populations.Both excessively high and low PDW were risk factors of CAC.

Objective:To describe the prevalence of preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) in participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) and explore the influencing factors.Methods:The CKB project conducted the baseline survey, the first and the second resurvey in 2004-2008, 2008, and 2013-2014, respectively. Based on the lung function tests, the participants were categorized into three groups: regular, PRISm, and airflow obstruction. The prevalence of PRISm was reported by gender, age, and region at the baseline survey. The secular trend in the prevalence of PRISm was described during the three surveys. Finally, we used the multiple logistic regression model to examine the factors related to PRISm in the baseline survey.Results:After standardization for gender, age, and region according to the sixth national census data in 2010, the overall prevalence of PRISm and airflow obstruction among the 434 760 participants at baseline was 24.8% and 6.1%, respectively. The prevalence of PRISm was higher in rural (25.4%) than that in urban areas (24.3%). Of the 10 study regions, Gansu had the highest prevalence of PRISm (56.0%), while Henan had the lowest (15.4%). After standardization for gender, age, and region according to the baseline population, the prevalence of PRISm decreased from 24.9% at baseline to 15.7% in the second resurvey, and the prevalence of airflow obstruction increased from 5.9% to 21.4%. Unmarried status, current smoking, using solid fuels for cooking, low body weight, being overweight, obesity, and central obesity were associated with an increased risk of PRISm. In contrast, higher education attainments, increased household income, and maintaining a specific degree of physical activity were associated with a reduced risk of PRISm.Conclusions:The prevalence of PRISm was high in adults aged 40 years and above in China, and it varied by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.

BACKGROUND:Acellular cartilage extracellular matrix is effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis,but its efficacy is limited when applied alone.Oxymatrine alleviates interleukin-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of different doses of oxymatrine combined with acellular cartilage extracellular matrix injection in knee cavity on osteoarthritis in rats.METHODS:The femoral cartilage of SD rats was obtained.The acellular cartilage extracellular matrix was prepared by physical,chemical and enzyme methods.Fifty SD rats were selected and divided into sham operation group,osteoarthritis group,simple material group,low-dose drug group,and high-dose drug group by random number table method,with 10 rats in each group.The latter four groups were treated with modified Hulth method to establish the rat model of osteoarthritis.After successful modeling,acellular cartilage extracellular matrix homogenate was injected into the knee cavity of rats in the simple material group.Acellular cartilage extracellular matrix homogenate containing 50,100 μg oxymatrine was injected into the knee cavity of rats in the low-dose drug group and the high-dose drug group,respectively.Samples were taken 4 weeks after injection for relevant detection.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Compared with the sham operation group,the concentrations of interleukin 1β,tumor necrosis factor ɑ,and malondialdehyde in the joint effusion were increased (P<0.05),and the concentration of superoxide dismutase in the joint effusion was decreased (P<0.05) in the osteoarthritis group.Compared with osteoarthritis group,the levels of interleukin 1β,tumor necrosis factor ɑ,and malondialdehyde in joint effusion were decreased (P<0.05),while the level of superoxide dismutase was increased (P<0.05) in the low-dose drug group and high-dose drug group,and the changes were more significant in high-dose drug group.(2) TUNEL staining showed that compared with sham operation group,apoptotic chondrocytes increased in osteoarthritis group.Compared with the osteoarthritis group,the apoptotic chondrocytes decreased in the simple material group,the low-dose drug group,and the high-dose drug group,and the decrease was more significant in the high-dose drug group.(3) Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining showed that the knee cartilage was seriously degraded,the expression of type Ⅱ collagen was decreased (P<0.05),and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 was increased (P<0.05) in the osteoarthritis group.Compared with the osteoarthritis group,the knee cartilage degeneration of rats in the simple material group,the low-dose drug group,and the high-dose drug group was significantly improved;the expression of type Ⅱ collagen was increased (P<0.05) and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 was decreased (P<0.05),and the improvement was most significant in the high-dose drug group.(4) Western blot assay showed that compared with sham operation group,the expression of Nrf2,HO-1,and Bcl-2 protein in cartilage tissue decreased (P<0.05);expression levels of Cleaved-caspase-3,Cleaved-caspase-9,and Bax were increased (P<0.05) in the osteoarthritis group.Compared with the osteoarthritis group,the protein expression levels of Nrf2,HO-1,and Bcl-2 were increased (P<0.05),and the protein expressions of Cleaved-caspase-3,Cleaved-caspase-9,and Bax were decreased (P<0.05) in the low-dose and high-dose drug groups.The improvement was more significant in the high-dose drug group.(5) In conclusion,intracavicular injection of acellular cartilage extracellular matrix and oxymatrine can promote the synthesis of extracellular matrix,inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress,and suppress chondrocyte apoptosis,and play a therapeutic role in osteoarthritis,which may be related to the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Objective:To describe the prevalence of preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) in participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) and explore the influencing factors.Methods:The CKB project conducted the baseline survey, the first and the second resurvey in 2004-2008, 2008, and 2013-2014, respectively. Based on the lung function tests, the participants were categorized into three groups: regular, PRISm, and airflow obstruction. The prevalence of PRISm was reported by gender, age, and region at the baseline survey. The secular trend in the prevalence of PRISm was described during the three surveys. Finally, we used the multiple logistic regression model to examine the factors related to PRISm in the baseline survey.Results:After standardization for gender, age, and region according to the sixth national census data in 2010, the overall prevalence of PRISm and airflow obstruction among the 434 760 participants at baseline was 24.8% and 6.1%, respectively. The prevalence of PRISm was higher in rural (25.4%) than that in urban areas (24.3%). Of the 10 study regions, Gansu had the highest prevalence of PRISm (56.0%), while Henan had the lowest (15.4%). After standardization for gender, age, and region according to the baseline population, the prevalence of PRISm decreased from 24.9% at baseline to 15.7% in the second resurvey, and the prevalence of airflow obstruction increased from 5.9% to 21.4%. Unmarried status, current smoking, using solid fuels for cooking, low body weight, being overweight, obesity, and central obesity were associated with an increased risk of PRISm. In contrast, higher education attainments, increased household income, and maintaining a specific degree of physical activity were associated with a reduced risk of PRISm.Conclusions:The prevalence of PRISm was high in adults aged 40 years and above in China, and it varied by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.

BACKGROUND:Acellular cartilage extracellular matrix is effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis,but its efficacy is limited when applied alone.Oxymatrine alleviates interleukin-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of different doses of oxymatrine combined with acellular cartilage extracellular matrix injection in knee cavity on osteoarthritis in rats.METHODS:The femoral cartilage of SD rats was obtained.The acellular cartilage extracellular matrix was prepared by physical,chemical and enzyme methods.Fifty SD rats were selected and divided into sham operation group,osteoarthritis group,simple material group,low-dose drug group,and high-dose drug group by random number table method,with 10 rats in each group.The latter four groups were treated with modified Hulth method to establish the rat model of osteoarthritis.After successful modeling,acellular cartilage extracellular matrix homogenate was injected into the knee cavity of rats in the simple material group.Acellular cartilage extracellular matrix homogenate containing 50,100 μg oxymatrine was injected into the knee cavity of rats in the low-dose drug group and the high-dose drug group,respectively.Samples were taken 4 weeks after injection for relevant detection.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Compared with the sham operation group,the concentrations of interleukin 1β,tumor necrosis factor ɑ,and malondialdehyde in the joint effusion were increased (P<0.05),and the concentration of superoxide dismutase in the joint effusion was decreased (P<0.05) in the osteoarthritis group.Compared with osteoarthritis group,the levels of interleukin 1β,tumor necrosis factor ɑ,and malondialdehyde in joint effusion were decreased (P<0.05),while the level of superoxide dismutase was increased (P<0.05) in the low-dose drug group and high-dose drug group,and the changes were more significant in high-dose drug group.(2) TUNEL staining showed that compared with sham operation group,apoptotic chondrocytes increased in osteoarthritis group.Compared with the osteoarthritis group,the apoptotic chondrocytes decreased in the simple material group,the low-dose drug group,and the high-dose drug group,and the decrease was more significant in the high-dose drug group.(3) Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining showed that the knee cartilage was seriously degraded,the expression of type Ⅱ collagen was decreased (P<0.05),and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 was increased (P<0.05) in the osteoarthritis group.Compared with the osteoarthritis group,the knee cartilage degeneration of rats in the simple material group,the low-dose drug group,and the high-dose drug group was significantly improved;the expression of type Ⅱ collagen was increased (P<0.05) and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 was decreased (P<0.05),and the improvement was most significant in the high-dose drug group.(4) Western blot assay showed that compared with sham operation group,the expression of Nrf2,HO-1,and Bcl-2 protein in cartilage tissue decreased (P<0.05);expression levels of Cleaved-caspase-3,Cleaved-caspase-9,and Bax were increased (P<0.05) in the osteoarthritis group.Compared with the osteoarthritis group,the protein expression levels of Nrf2,HO-1,and Bcl-2 were increased (P<0.05),and the protein expressions of Cleaved-caspase-3,Cleaved-caspase-9,and Bax were decreased (P<0.05) in the low-dose and high-dose drug groups.The improvement was more significant in the high-dose drug group.(5) In conclusion,intracavicular injection of acellular cartilage extracellular matrix and oxymatrine can promote the synthesis of extracellular matrix,inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress,and suppress chondrocyte apoptosis,and play a therapeutic role in osteoarthritis,which may be related to the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Objective To investigate the relationship between platelet distribution width(PDW)and coronary artery calcification(CAC)in overweight and obese populations.Methods Clinical and chest CT data of 10 838 subjects with overweight or obesity(body mass index[BMI]≥24 kg/m2)were retrospectively analyzed.The subjects were divided into CAC group(n=4 237)and non-CAC group(n=6 601)based on CAC scores obtained from chest CT.The relationship between PDW and CAC in overweight and obese populations was analyzed after controlling confounding variables.A threshold effect analysis was conducted using a two-stage logistic model to find the non-linear inflection point.Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted to validate the stability of the relationship between PDW and CAC.Results Non-linear relationship was observed between PDW and CAC risk in overweight and obese populations.The risk of CAC decreased with the increase of PDW which ≤17.80％(OR=0.82),but increased with the increase of PDW(OR=1.04)which＞17.80％.Subgroup analysis showed that the relationship between PDW and CAC remained stable in subgroups of different genders,BMI(＜28 kg/m2,≥28 kg/m2)and hypertension(all P＞0.05).Compared with aged＜40 years or ≥60 years subgroups,under the same PDW,aged≥40 and＜60 years subgroups had higher risk of CAC(interaction P=0.015).Conclusion Nonlinear relationship existed between PDW and CAC in overweight and obese populations.Both excessively high and low PDW were risk factors of CAC.