Objective:To describe the prevalence of preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) in participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) and explore the influencing factors.Methods:The CKB project conducted the baseline survey, the first and the second resurvey in 2004-2008, 2008, and 2013-2014, respectively. Based on the lung function tests, the participants were categorized into three groups: regular, PRISm, and airflow obstruction. The prevalence of PRISm was reported by gender, age, and region at the baseline survey. The secular trend in the prevalence of PRISm was described during the three surveys. Finally, we used the multiple logistic regression model to examine the factors related to PRISm in the baseline survey.Results:After standardization for gender, age, and region according to the sixth national census data in 2010, the overall prevalence of PRISm and airflow obstruction among the 434 760 participants at baseline was 24.8% and 6.1%, respectively. The prevalence of PRISm was higher in rural (25.4%) than that in urban areas (24.3%). Of the 10 study regions, Gansu had the highest prevalence of PRISm (56.0%), while Henan had the lowest (15.4%). After standardization for gender, age, and region according to the baseline population, the prevalence of PRISm decreased from 24.9% at baseline to 15.7% in the second resurvey, and the prevalence of airflow obstruction increased from 5.9% to 21.4%. Unmarried status, current smoking, using solid fuels for cooking, low body weight, being overweight, obesity, and central obesity were associated with an increased risk of PRISm. In contrast, higher education attainments, increased household income, and maintaining a specific degree of physical activity were associated with a reduced risk of PRISm.Conclusions:The prevalence of PRISm was high in adults aged 40 years and above in China, and it varied by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.

Objective:To explore the prospective association between physical activity level and mor-tality risk in Chinese adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:Based on the China Kadoorie Biobank(CKB)who had COPD at the baseline survey,this study employed the Cox proportional hazards regression model to estimate the prospective associations between the overall physical activity,different intensities(low-level,moderate-to-vigorous-level),and types(occupational,non-occupational)of physical activity level and the risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality,such as vascular diseases,cancer,and respiratory diseases.Based on the quintiles of physical activity level,par-ticipants were divided into five groups(Q1-Q5),with the lowest quintile group(Q1)as the reference group.Hazard ratio(HR)and 95％confidence interval(95％CI)were calculated for the remaining.In our study,we also performed sensitivity and subgroup analyses,including age,gender,self-rated health status,severity of COPD,etc.Results:Among 33 588 COPD patients at the baseline survey,8 314(22.2％)deaths were documented during an average follow-up of(11.1±3.1)years.Negative linear associations between the overall physical activity level and mortality risk from all-cause,vascular,and respiratory diseases were observed(P trend for linear correlation being＜0.001,0.002,＜0.001).Compared with the lowest quintile group of total physical activity(Q1),the hazard ratios(HR)and 95％confidence intervals(CI)for all-cause mortality,vascular disease mortality,and respiratory disease mortality in the highest quintile group(Q5)were 0.77(0.70,0.85),0.77(0.65,0.91),and 0.58(0.48,0.71),respectively.The low-level and moderate-to-vigorous-level physical activity were nega-tively associated with all-cause mortality in the COPD patients(P trend for linear correlation:0.002,＜0.001,respectively).Compared with the lowest quintile group of low-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(Q1),the HRs(95％CI)for all-cause mortality in the highest quintile group(Q5)were 0.89(0.82,0.97)and 0.79(0.72,0.87),respectively.The occupational and non-occupational physical activity were also found to have a linear inverse association with all-cause mortality risk among the COPD patients(P trend＜0.001 and 0.015,respectively).Compared with the lowest quintile group of occupational and non-occupational physical activity(Q1),the HR(95％CI)for all-cause mortality in the highest quintile group(Q5)were 0.69(0.61,0.78)and 0.91(0.84,0.98),respectively.The associations between overall physical activity and all-cause mortality risk were stronger for patients aged 60 and above,female,and who reported poor health status(P for interaction:0.028,0.012,0.010).The protective effect of total physical activity was also applicable to the COPD patients of varying severity.Conclusion:Physical activity could reduce the mortality risk in a dose-response relationship among COPD patients,regardless of its intensity and type,especially among indi-viduals aged 60 and above,females,and those with poor self-report health status.

Objective:To describe the prevalence of preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) in participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) and explore the influencing factors.Methods:The CKB project conducted the baseline survey, the first and the second resurvey in 2004-2008, 2008, and 2013-2014, respectively. Based on the lung function tests, the participants were categorized into three groups: regular, PRISm, and airflow obstruction. The prevalence of PRISm was reported by gender, age, and region at the baseline survey. The secular trend in the prevalence of PRISm was described during the three surveys. Finally, we used the multiple logistic regression model to examine the factors related to PRISm in the baseline survey.Results:After standardization for gender, age, and region according to the sixth national census data in 2010, the overall prevalence of PRISm and airflow obstruction among the 434 760 participants at baseline was 24.8% and 6.1%, respectively. The prevalence of PRISm was higher in rural (25.4%) than that in urban areas (24.3%). Of the 10 study regions, Gansu had the highest prevalence of PRISm (56.0%), while Henan had the lowest (15.4%). After standardization for gender, age, and region according to the baseline population, the prevalence of PRISm decreased from 24.9% at baseline to 15.7% in the second resurvey, and the prevalence of airflow obstruction increased from 5.9% to 21.4%. Unmarried status, current smoking, using solid fuels for cooking, low body weight, being overweight, obesity, and central obesity were associated with an increased risk of PRISm. In contrast, higher education attainments, increased household income, and maintaining a specific degree of physical activity were associated with a reduced risk of PRISm.Conclusions:The prevalence of PRISm was high in adults aged 40 years and above in China, and it varied by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.

Objective:To explore the prospective association between physical activity level and mor-tality risk in Chinese adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:Based on the China Kadoorie Biobank(CKB)who had COPD at the baseline survey,this study employed the Cox proportional hazards regression model to estimate the prospective associations between the overall physical activity,different intensities(low-level,moderate-to-vigorous-level),and types(occupational,non-occupational)of physical activity level and the risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality,such as vascular diseases,cancer,and respiratory diseases.Based on the quintiles of physical activity level,par-ticipants were divided into five groups(Q1-Q5),with the lowest quintile group(Q1)as the reference group.Hazard ratio(HR)and 95％confidence interval(95％CI)were calculated for the remaining.In our study,we also performed sensitivity and subgroup analyses,including age,gender,self-rated health status,severity of COPD,etc.Results:Among 33 588 COPD patients at the baseline survey,8 314(22.2％)deaths were documented during an average follow-up of(11.1±3.1)years.Negative linear associations between the overall physical activity level and mortality risk from all-cause,vascular,and respiratory diseases were observed(P trend for linear correlation being＜0.001,0.002,＜0.001).Compared with the lowest quintile group of total physical activity(Q1),the hazard ratios(HR)and 95％confidence intervals(CI)for all-cause mortality,vascular disease mortality,and respiratory disease mortality in the highest quintile group(Q5)were 0.77(0.70,0.85),0.77(0.65,0.91),and 0.58(0.48,0.71),respectively.The low-level and moderate-to-vigorous-level physical activity were nega-tively associated with all-cause mortality in the COPD patients(P trend for linear correlation:0.002,＜0.001,respectively).Compared with the lowest quintile group of low-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(Q1),the HRs(95％CI)for all-cause mortality in the highest quintile group(Q5)were 0.89(0.82,0.97)and 0.79(0.72,0.87),respectively.The occupational and non-occupational physical activity were also found to have a linear inverse association with all-cause mortality risk among the COPD patients(P trend＜0.001 and 0.015,respectively).Compared with the lowest quintile group of occupational and non-occupational physical activity(Q1),the HR(95％CI)for all-cause mortality in the highest quintile group(Q5)were 0.69(0.61,0.78)and 0.91(0.84,0.98),respectively.The associations between overall physical activity and all-cause mortality risk were stronger for patients aged 60 and above,female,and who reported poor health status(P for interaction:0.028,0.012,0.010).The protective effect of total physical activity was also applicable to the COPD patients of varying severity.Conclusion:Physical activity could reduce the mortality risk in a dose-response relationship among COPD patients,regardless of its intensity and type,especially among indi-viduals aged 60 and above,females,and those with poor self-report health status.

Objective:To describe the epidemiological characteristics of intakes of different types of preserved vegetables in participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB).Methods:The CKB project conducted baseline survey, the first resurvey, and the second resurvey during 2004-2008, 2008, and 2013-2014, respectively. According to the average intake levels of salted and sour pickled vegetables in the second resurvey, the 10 survey areas were classified as the area where people mainly consumed salted vegetables, the area where people mainly consumed sour pickled vegetables, and the area where people rarely consumed preserved vegetables. For the first two areas, logistic regression model was used to describe the temporal trends and population distribution of preserved vegetable intake and analyze the distribution of other dietary factors.Results:The area where people mainly consumed salted vegetables included Qingdao, Harbin, Suzhou, and Zhejiang (baseline participant number: 204 036), while the area where people mainly consumed sour pickled vegetables included Gansu and Sichuan (baseline participant number: 105 573). In the area where people mainly consumed salted vegetables, the average intake frequencies of preserved vegetables was 3.1, 3.3, and 1.8 days/week in the baseline survey, the first resurvey, and the second resurvey, respectively, showing a declining trend ( P<0.001). Similarly, the average intake frequencies of preserved vegetables were 2.8, 2.7, and 1.6 days/week in the baseline survey, the first resurvey and the second resurvey in the area where people mainly consumed sour pickled vegetables ( P<0.001). At baseline survey, the married and those had lower education level tended to have more preserved vegetable intakes in both areas ( P<0.001). In the area where people mainly consumed salted vegetables, the elderly had higher frequency of preserved vegetable intake ( P<0.001), which was converse in the area where people mainly consumed sour pickled vegetables. In the participants with higher frequency of preserved vegetable intake, more people consumed spicy food daily and preferred salty food ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The area and population specific differences in the type and frequency of preserved vegetable intake were observed in adults in the CKB project in China. Besides, the average level of preserved vegetable intake showed a declining trend. Preserved vegetable intake might be associated with other dietary habits.

Objective To summary the hospitalization costs of lung cancer patients, and analyze the influence factors in these patients, and provide basis for controlling hospitalization costs of lung cancer patients. Methods The hospitalization costs data of hospitalized lung cancer cases in Wuhan from 2018 to 2020 were collected from medical records. Nonparametric test was used to analysis the data for single factor analysis. The patients were divided into two groups according on the upper quartile value of hospitalization cost, that is high-cost group (the cost ≥ the upper quartile value) and normal cost group (the cost “four major hospitals in Hubei^” respectively. The hospital type is an independent influencing factors, compared with specialized hospital, the OR is 4.726 for general hospital. The hospitalization days is the independent influencing factors, more hospitalization days has high cost. The treatment mode is the independent influencing factors, compared with non-operative treatment, the OR is 556.129, 18.156 and 5.212 for surgical model, radio therapy model and interventional model respectively. Conclusion The age, hospital level, hospital type, hospitalization days and treatment mode are the independent influencing factors of hospitalization costs. To reduce the hospitalization cost of lung cancer patients, we should standardize the diagnosis of lung cancer patients, and focus on standardizing the treatment mode, also considering other influencing factors, such as hospital level, hospital type.

Hyaluronic acid is widely present in the human body. It is an important component of extracellular matrix. It has unique hydrodynamic properties, good viscoelasticity and strain properties. At present, hyaluronic acid has been widely used in biomaterials, targeted-drug preparations, cosmetics and prevention of adhesion after abdominal surgery. With the expansion of the application scope of hyaluronic acid and the continuous emergence of new medical materials, the research on hyaluronic acid has been increasing in recent years. This paper reviews the clinical application of hyaluronic acid and its mechanism, in order to provide reference for the further development and safe application of hyaluronic acid products.

Objective To investigate the effect of medical sodium hyaluronate gel (HA) on the growth and metastasis of abdominal and pelvic tumor cells in vitro and in nude mice. Methods Three tumor cells, Hela, CT26 and HCT116, were used to investigate the effects of different HA concentrations on the growth and migration of tumor cells in vitro by MTT assay and Transwell assay. An orthotopic transplantation model of colonic tumor in nude mice was established to investigate the effect on the proliferation of cell HCT116 by comparing the tumor volume and tumor mass 4 weeks after inoculation. The effects on the metastasis of cell CT26 were investigated by comparing the tumor metastasis rate and the number of metastatic lesions of lung and liver in nude mice among the different experimental groups 3 weeks after inoculation. Results HA did not promote the growth and metastasis of Hela, CT26 and HCT116 cells in vitro at different concentrations. Actually, HA exhibited a certain inhibitory activity at the concentration of 5 mg/ml. In the orthotopic transplantation model of colonic tumor-HCT116, HA did not promote the growth of cell HCT116. In the orthotopic transplantation model of colonic tumor-CT26, HA inhibited CT26 tumor metastasis. Conclusion Under the experimental conditions, HA did not promote the growth, migration or metastasis of abdominal and pelvic related tumor cells including Hela, CT26 and HCT116 in vitro and in vivo.

The target of rapamycin ( TOR) , a Ser/Thr protein kinase of PIKKs ( phosphatidylinositol kinase-related kinases ) , is the central factor of a highly conserved signaling pathway in eukaryotes , and regulates cell growth in response to nutrients , hor-mones, and stresses.It controls temporal growth by activating anabolic processes such as translation , ribosome biogenesis , protein syn-thesis, transportation of amino acid and metabolic enzymes .The advances in TOR pathway in the most pervasive human fungal patho-gen Candida albicans.

Hepatotoxicity is one of the most common adverse reactions during anti -hyperlipidemia treatment .Mechanisms of anti-hyperlipidemia drug-induced hepatotoxicity are not clear yet , but most of the toxic reactions are dose-related hypersensitivity and could be released after drug withdrawal .It is accepted that clinical risk factors for the development of hepatotoxicity during anti -hyper-lipidemia treatment are high age and chronic illnesses .Treatment of anti-hyperlipidemia drug-induced hepatotoxicity has not been uni-fied and most of the treatments are non-specific and symptomatic .Researching hypotoxicity and hepatoprotection antihyperlipidemia drug, especially TCM and pharmaceutics will become a promising direction .