Objective: To analyze the change trends in the body shape indicators and proportions of students in Harbin from 2010 to 2024, and to investigate ergonomic compatibility of functional dimensions of school desks and chairs with current student shape indicators, so as to provide a reference for revising furniture standards of desks and chairs. Methods: Between September and November of both 2010 and 2024, a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling was conducted across three districts in Harbin, yielding samples of 6 590 and 6 252 students, respectively. Anthropometric shape indicators cluding height, sitting height, crus length, and thigh length-and their proportional changes were compared over the 15-year period. The 2024 data were compared with current standard functional dimensions of school furniture. The statistical analysis incorporated t-test and Mann-Whitney U- test. Results: From 2010 to 2024, average height increased by 1.8 cm for boys and 1.5 cm for girls; sitting height increased by 1.5 cm for both genders; crus length increased by 0.3 cm for boys and 0.4 cm for girls; and thigh length increased by 0.5 cm for both genders. The ratios of sitting height to height, and sitting height to leg length increased by less than 0.1 . The difference between desk chair height and 1/3 sitting height ranged from 0.4-0.8 cm. Among students matched with size 0 desks and chairs, 22.0% had a desk to chair height difference less than 0, indicating that the desk to chair height difference might be insufficient for taller students. The differences between seat height and fibular height ranged from -1.4 to 1.1 cm; and the differences between seat depth and buttock popliteal length ranged from -9.8 to 3.4 cm. Among obese students, the differences between seat width and 1/2 hip circumference ranged from -20.5 to -8.7 cm, while it ranged from -12.2 to -3.8 cm among non obese students. Conclusion Current furniture standards basically satisfy hygienic requirements; however, in the case of exceptionally tall and obese students, ergonomic accommodations such as adaptive seating allocation or personalized adjustments are recommended to meet hygienic requirements.

First recorded in an official medical book from the Northern Song Dynasty called Taiping Huimin Heji Ju Fang （Prescriptions of the Bureau of Taiping People's Welfare Pharmacy）， Xiaoyaosan has been developed and refined over generations and is preserved to this day. It specializes in soothing the liver，resolving stagnation，fortifying the spleen，and nourishing blood. In this study，ancient traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） books and contemporary studies were reviewed to obtain information on Xiaoyaosan using bibliometrics，including its historical development，dosage，origin，processing methods，decoction dosage，and ancient and modern indications. Furthermore，a question regarding the presence of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens and Menthae Haplocalycis Herba in Xiaoyaosan was investigated，and a table of key information on Xiaoyaosan was compiled，providing references for developing Xiaoyaosan preparations. According to the weight and measurement system of the Song dynasty，the contemporary equivalent formulation of the decocted Xiaoyaosan consists of 20.65 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and 41.3 g of Angelica Sinensis Radix，Poria，Paeoniae Radix Alba，Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma，and Bupleuri Radix. The formulation is processed to obtain a mixed powder with a particle size of 10 mesh. For each dose，8.25 g of the mixed powder is combined with 1 g of unprocessed Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens and 0.62 g of Menthae Haplocalycis Herba in 300 mL of water. The mixture is decocted until the volume reaches 210 mL，and the residue is then removed，with no specific timing required for administration. After the processing，each dose consists of approximately 0.75 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and 1.50 g of Radix Angelica Sinensis，Poria，Paeoniae Radix Alba，Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma，and Bupleuri Radix. Ancient medical literature shows that Xiaoyaosan primarily treats blood deficiency and overstrain，specifically for symptoms including heat caused by blood deficiency and fatigue，irregular menstruation，headache，eye soreness，pain in the ribs and limbs，and emaciation and bone steaming. In the Qing Dynasty，ZHANG Lu clearly proposed the pathogenesis of liver depression，and since then，the use of Xiaoyaosan in treating various syndromes associated with liver depression has been highly praised by physicians in the Qing dynasty and modern times. Xiaoyaosan has a wide application in modern clinical practices，involving digestive diseases，gynecological diseases，psychological diseases，nervous system diseases，and otorhinolaryngologic diseases. Moreover，it is most commonly used to treat depression and other diseases complicated with depression，hyperplasia of the mammary gland，etc. The key information on Xiaoyaosan and its clinical applications in ancient and modern times investigated in the study could serve as a scientific reference for in-depth research and extended clinical applications of the prescription.

In recent years, China has been facing the dual challenges of declining fertility rates and births, with male reproductive health issues, especially the decline in semen quality, identified as a pivotal contributor to this phenomenon. Meanwhile, accumulating evidence indicates that air pollutants, an increasingly severe environmental problem, can damage semen quality not only directly through their biological toxicity but also indirectly by disrupting the composition of microbial communities in the gut and semen, thereby dysregulating immune function, endocrine homeostasis, and oxidative stress responses. The gut microbiota and semen microbiota, as important components of the human microecosystem, play crucial roles in maintaining reproductive health. This article comprehensively reviewed the research progress on the potential effects of air pollutants (particulate matter and gaseous pollutants), gut microbiota, and semen microbiota on semen quality. Specifically, it elucidated the mechanisms of interaction between these factors and explored how they affect male fertility.

Peri-implant keratinized mucosa (PIKM) augmentation refers to surgical procedures aimed at increasing the width of PIKM. Consensus reports emphasize the necessity of maintaining a minimum width of PIKM to ensure long-term peri-implant health. Currently, several surgical techniques have been validated for their effectiveness in increasing PIKM. However, the selection and application of PIKM augmentation methods may present challenges for dental practitioners due to heterogeneity in surgical techniques, variations in clinical scenarios, and anatomical differences. Therefore, clear guidelines and considerations for PIKM augmentation are needed. This expert consensus focuses on the commonly employed surgical techniques for PIKM augmentation and the factors influencing their selection at second-stage surgery. It aims to establish a standardized framework for assessing, planning, and executing PIKM augmentation procedures, with the goal of offering evidence-based guidance to enhance the predictability and success of PIKM augmentation.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Implants ; Mouth Mucosa/surgery* ; Keratins

Objective To evaluate the effect of preoperative metabolic syndrome on early function of renal allografts in allogeneic kidney transplant recipients.Methods Clinical data of 117 kidney transplant recipients were retrospectively analyzed.According to the renal allograft function,they were divided into the delayed graft function(DGF)group(n=29)and non-DGF group(n=88).Relevant risk factors of DGF in recipients undergoing allogeneic kidney transplantation were assessed by univariate and multivariate regression analyses.The effect of preoperative metabolic syndrome on early function of renal allografts was analyzed.Results Among 117 kidney transplant recipients,47 cases were complicated with preoperative metabolic syndrome,and 29 cases developed postoperative DGF.In the DGF group,83％of the recipients were complicated with preoperative metabolic syndrome,higher than 74％in the non-DGF group(P＜0.05).Univariate analysis showed that the body mass index(BMI)and terminal serum creatinine(Scr)level of the donors,and BMI,blood glucose level,triglyceride level and the proportion of preoperative metabolic syndrome of the recipients in the DGF group were higher than those in the non-DGF group(all P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that high Scr levels of the donors,high hemoglobin levels of the recipients and preoperative metabolic syndrome of the recipients were the independent risk factors for DGF after kidney transplantation(all P＜0.05).Conclusions Preoperative metabolic syndrome is an independent risk factor for DGF in allogeneic kidney transplant recipients.Corresponding measures should be taken to lower the incidence of DGF and other metabolic complications.

Following the principles of evidence-based medicine,in accordance with the structure and drafting rules of standardized documents,based on literature research,according to the characteristics of chronic cough in children and issues that need to form a consensus,the TCM Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Cough in Children was formulated based on the Delphi method,expert discussion meetings,and public solicitation of opinions.The guideline includes scope of application,terms and definitions,eti-ology and diagnosis,auxiliary examination,treatment,prevention and care.The aim is to clarify the optimal treatment plan of Chinese medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease,and to provide guidance for improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in children with Chinese medicine.

IKBKG is the essential modulator for nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) signaling pathway, and mutations within this gene can lead to anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency (EDA-ID). Here we report a male patient, who presented with mild frontal bossing, sparse hair, skin pigmentation, conical teeth, and recurrent infections involving bacteria, fungi, and viruses after one month of age, together with hypogammaglobulinemia. These symptoms were consistent with the phenotype of EDA-ID. Genetic analysis revealed a hemizygous mutation c.1249T > G (p.Cys417Gly) in exon 10 of the IKBKG gene in the patient. The mother of the patient was identified as heterozygous carriers of the same mutation. Immunological assessment revealed a significant reduction in memory B cells. The patient showed no skewed TCR diversity. PHA-induced T-cell proliferation was impaired. IFN-γ secretion by Th cells was significantly reduced after PHA stimulation. IκBα degradation rate retained the same in the patient. We summarized the clinical features of the patient and conducted immunological analysis, in order to increase pediatricians′awareness of this rare disease. For boys with early-onset recurrent infections together with ectodermal dysplasia, IKBKG mutation should be considered. In addition, genetic analysis is needed to exclude pseudogene interference and functional evaluations are required.

Due to the low contrast of CT images,irregular shape of the liver,and blurred boundaries with adjacent organs,the existing methods based on convolutional neural network underperform in liver segmentation tasks,especially for boundary recognition and small object detection.A novel liver segmentation method is proposed based on multi-scale feature fusion and attention,namely MFFA UNet.Multi-scale feature fusion is firstly employed to acquire abundant segmentation details,while spatial and channel attention mechanisms are utilized to capture global spatial and inter-channel relationships.Additionally,a deep supervision module fully leverages the output of intermediate hidden layers,enhancing the learning capability of the network,which in turn accelerates the network's convergence speed.Moreover,a hybrid loss function is adopted to address the issue of class imbalance,further boosting the model's segmentation efficacy.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed MFFA UNet outperforms the prevailing segmentation networks on the public LITS dataset,producing results that are closer to the ground truth.

A composite nystagmus classification framework enhanced by dual attention mechanism is proposed to address the problem that the existing researches only identify whether nystagmus occurs in a horizontal,vertical,or axial direction,but fail to consider the issue of composite nystagmus composed of multiple directions with various intensities in clinical practice.A spatiotemporal concentration algorithm for nystagmus videos is presented,and it combines convolutional neural networks and Hough transform to remove interference from invalid frames and regions and to improve the quality of nystagmus videos.Then,a dense optical flow algorithm is used to extract the optical flow field of eye movement.Finally,a composite nystagmus classification network based on dual attention mechanism enhancement is constructed.An improved efficient channel attention module is used to effectively obtain the direction and intensity of nystagmus in different channels of the optical flow map;and a temporal attention module is added at the end of the bidirectional long short-term memory network to achieve significant expression of classification results based on different temporal features.On the nystagmus dataset provided by the cooperating hospital,the proposed method has an accuracy rate of 83.17%for composite nystagmus classification,and achieved accuracy rates of 91.03%,89.74%,and 86.05%for individual horizontal,vertical,and axial nystagmus classifications.The proposed method realizes the intelligent classification of composite nystagmus and is valuable in clinic.

Objective To explore the prognostic value of neuroimaging score in patients with acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion(VBAO)with successful revascularization.Methods A total of 83 patients with acute VBAO who underwent endovascular treatment with successful recanalization,modified thrombolysis for cerebral infarction grade 2b or 3 were retrospectively selected.Based on baseline diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)sequences,posterior circulation infarcts were assessed using the novel posterior circulation score(N-PCS),brainstem score(BSS),and posterior circulation Alberta stroke program early CT score(pc-ASPECTS).A 90 d modified Rankin scale(mRS)score ≤2 points was defined as functional independence.The predictive value of the three scores was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results The N-PCS[median(interquartile range):2(1-2)vs 4(2-5)]was statistically significant between the functional independent group(50 cases)and the poor group(33 cases)(P＜0.001).Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that age[adjusted odds ratio(OR)1.08;95％confidence interval(CI)1.02-1.14;P=0.006],baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)(adjusted OR 1.12;95％CI 1.03-1.20;P=0.005),and N-PCS(adjusted OR 2.84;95％CI 1.30-6.19;P=0.009)were independent prognostic factors for a favorable prognosis.Conclusion The N-PCS based on DWI can predict the prognosis of acute VBAO patients with successful revascularization.