First recorded in an official medical book from the Northern Song Dynasty called Taiping Huimin Heji Ju Fang （Prescriptions of the Bureau of Taiping People's Welfare Pharmacy）， Xiaoyaosan has been developed and refined over generations and is preserved to this day. It specializes in soothing the liver，resolving stagnation，fortifying the spleen，and nourishing blood. In this study，ancient traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） books and contemporary studies were reviewed to obtain information on Xiaoyaosan using bibliometrics，including its historical development，dosage，origin，processing methods，decoction dosage，and ancient and modern indications. Furthermore，a question regarding the presence of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens and Menthae Haplocalycis Herba in Xiaoyaosan was investigated，and a table of key information on Xiaoyaosan was compiled，providing references for developing Xiaoyaosan preparations. According to the weight and measurement system of the Song dynasty，the contemporary equivalent formulation of the decocted Xiaoyaosan consists of 20.65 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and 41.3 g of Angelica Sinensis Radix，Poria，Paeoniae Radix Alba，Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma，and Bupleuri Radix. The formulation is processed to obtain a mixed powder with a particle size of 10 mesh. For each dose，8.25 g of the mixed powder is combined with 1 g of unprocessed Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens and 0.62 g of Menthae Haplocalycis Herba in 300 mL of water. The mixture is decocted until the volume reaches 210 mL，and the residue is then removed，with no specific timing required for administration. After the processing，each dose consists of approximately 0.75 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and 1.50 g of Radix Angelica Sinensis，Poria，Paeoniae Radix Alba，Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma，and Bupleuri Radix. Ancient medical literature shows that Xiaoyaosan primarily treats blood deficiency and overstrain，specifically for symptoms including heat caused by blood deficiency and fatigue，irregular menstruation，headache，eye soreness，pain in the ribs and limbs，and emaciation and bone steaming. In the Qing Dynasty，ZHANG Lu clearly proposed the pathogenesis of liver depression，and since then，the use of Xiaoyaosan in treating various syndromes associated with liver depression has been highly praised by physicians in the Qing dynasty and modern times. Xiaoyaosan has a wide application in modern clinical practices，involving digestive diseases，gynecological diseases，psychological diseases，nervous system diseases，and otorhinolaryngologic diseases. Moreover，it is most commonly used to treat depression and other diseases complicated with depression，hyperplasia of the mammary gland，etc. The key information on Xiaoyaosan and its clinical applications in ancient and modern times investigated in the study could serve as a scientific reference for in-depth research and extended clinical applications of the prescription.

In recent years, China has been facing the dual challenges of declining fertility rates and births, with male reproductive health issues, especially the decline in semen quality, identified as a pivotal contributor to this phenomenon. Meanwhile, accumulating evidence indicates that air pollutants, an increasingly severe environmental problem, can damage semen quality not only directly through their biological toxicity but also indirectly by disrupting the composition of microbial communities in the gut and semen, thereby dysregulating immune function, endocrine homeostasis, and oxidative stress responses. The gut microbiota and semen microbiota, as important components of the human microecosystem, play crucial roles in maintaining reproductive health. This article comprehensively reviewed the research progress on the potential effects of air pollutants (particulate matter and gaseous pollutants), gut microbiota, and semen microbiota on semen quality. Specifically, it elucidated the mechanisms of interaction between these factors and explored how they affect male fertility.

Peri-implant keratinized mucosa (PIKM) augmentation refers to surgical procedures aimed at increasing the width of PIKM. Consensus reports emphasize the necessity of maintaining a minimum width of PIKM to ensure long-term peri-implant health. Currently, several surgical techniques have been validated for their effectiveness in increasing PIKM. However, the selection and application of PIKM augmentation methods may present challenges for dental practitioners due to heterogeneity in surgical techniques, variations in clinical scenarios, and anatomical differences. Therefore, clear guidelines and considerations for PIKM augmentation are needed. This expert consensus focuses on the commonly employed surgical techniques for PIKM augmentation and the factors influencing their selection at second-stage surgery. It aims to establish a standardized framework for assessing, planning, and executing PIKM augmentation procedures, with the goal of offering evidence-based guidance to enhance the predictability and success of PIKM augmentation.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Implants ; Mouth Mucosa/surgery* ; Keratins

Objective: To analyze the change trends in the body shape indicators and proportions of students in Harbin from 2010 to 2024, and to investigate ergonomic compatibility of functional dimensions of school desks and chairs with current student shape indicators, so as to provide a reference for revising furniture standards of desks and chairs. Methods: Between September and November of both 2010 and 2024, a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling was conducted across three districts in Harbin, yielding samples of 6 590 and 6 252 students, respectively. Anthropometric shape indicators cluding height, sitting height, crus length, and thigh length-and their proportional changes were compared over the 15-year period. The 2024 data were compared with current standard functional dimensions of school furniture. The statistical analysis incorporated t-test and Mann-Whitney U- test. Results: From 2010 to 2024, average height increased by 1.8 cm for boys and 1.5 cm for girls; sitting height increased by 1.5 cm for both genders; crus length increased by 0.3 cm for boys and 0.4 cm for girls; and thigh length increased by 0.5 cm for both genders. The ratios of sitting height to height, and sitting height to leg length increased by less than 0.1 . The difference between desk chair height and 1/3 sitting height ranged from 0.4-0.8 cm. Among students matched with size 0 desks and chairs, 22.0% had a desk to chair height difference less than 0, indicating that the desk to chair height difference might be insufficient for taller students. The differences between seat height and fibular height ranged from -1.4 to 1.1 cm; and the differences between seat depth and buttock popliteal length ranged from -9.8 to 3.4 cm. Among obese students, the differences between seat width and 1/2 hip circumference ranged from -20.5 to -8.7 cm, while it ranged from -12.2 to -3.8 cm among non obese students. Conclusion Current furniture standards basically satisfy hygienic requirements; however, in the case of exceptionally tall and obese students, ergonomic accommodations such as adaptive seating allocation or personalized adjustments are recommended to meet hygienic requirements.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological and genetic characteristics of malignant transformation of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (FD) in long bone.Methods:A retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics and morphological features was conducted from 4 cases of malignant transformation of FD diagnosed at Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 2016 to December 2023. Hotspot mutations for GNAS gene were tested in 4 cases by Sanger sequencing, in which both FD and malignant tissues were detected in 3 cases respectively.Results:There were 2 female and 2 male patients, aged 46 to 53 years [mean (49±3.2) years], and the course of the disease spanned from 2 months to 36 years. The tumor involved the femur ( n=2), tibia ( n=1) and humerus ( n=1). Three of them were diagnosed with FD before surgery. Single photon emission computed tomography showed multiple increases in bone metabolism, CT showed poorly margin, cortical destruction and soft tissue mass with uneven enhancement. Three cases had both FD and sarcoma components, while the remaining case exhibited exclusively sarcoma. The sarcomas displayed significant morphological variation, with 1 case diagnosed as osteosarcoma and 3 cases classified as low to high grade spindle cell sarcoma. Immunohistochemical results did not provide any indications for clear classification. Sanger sequencing demonstrated GNAS mutations of p.R201H (c.CGT>CAT, n=2) and p.R201C (c.CGT>TGT, n=2). All 4 cases were followed-up for 18 to 76 months, and received chemotherapy after surgery; 2 cases maintained disease-free, one case was diagnosed with invasive breast cancer through a core needle biopsy 3 months after chemotherapy, and another one was found to relapse 18 months after surgery. Conclusions:Some cases of polyostotic FD occur in association with café-au-lait macules and/or endocrine hyperfunctioning in McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS); polyostotic FD and MAS have more malignant potential than monostotic FD, but they are not the risk factors for FD malignancy. GNAS mutations may be involved in the occurrence and development of FD. The histologic types of malignant transformation of polyostotic FD in long bone are diverse, the sarcoma components of FD also present the GNAS mutation, suggesting potential involvement in the pathogenesis of FD malignancy.

Objective To explore the impact of the duration of protracted abstinence(PA)treatment on the level of impulsivity among heroin addicts and to analyze the mediating effect of impulsive cognition between abstinence duration and impulsive behavior.Methods Thirty-six heroin addicts undergoing PA treatment(PA group)and forty matched healthy controls(HC)(HC group)were recruited.Demographic information was collected via questionnaires,and impulsive cognition assessments were conducted.Participants completed the GO/NOGO task to collect data on impulsive behavior.Intergroup differences were compared using the independent sample t-test,and multiple linear regression analysis and mediating effect analysis were performed on the PA group.Results The PA group exhibited significantly higher scores on motor impulsivity,non-planning impulsivity,and total impulsivity compared to the HC group.Additionally,the PA group demonstrated significantly increased NOGO error rate during the GO/NOGO task compared to the HC group(P＜0.001).Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that abstinence duration had a significant negative impact on total impulsivity and non-planning impulsivity(P＜0.001).Mediating effect analysis found a partial mediation effect of total impulsivity between abstinence duration and NOGO error rate(P＜0.001).Conclusion The PA treatment has a significant impact on the level of impulsivity among heroin addicts.Impulsive cognition play a partial mediating role between abstinence duration and impulsive behavior.These results provide an important theoretical and practical basis for optimizing PA treatment programs.

Objective:To understand the status of intestinal helminth infections in Lunan area of Shandong Province (Jining City, Rizhao City, Linyi City, Heze City, and Zaozhuang City), and provide scientific basis for formulating parasitic disease prevention and control strategies.Methods:From 2016 to 2023, a stratified sampling method was used to conduct surveillance in 33 counties (cities, districts, hereinafter referred to as counties) in Lunan area of Shandong Province. Each county was divided into five areas (east, south, west, north, and center), with one administrative village (community) selected from each area. And ≥200 permanent residents (aged ≥3 years old, having lived locally for ≥6 months) were sampled from each village (community), and one stool sample was collected from each participant. The Kato-Katz method (two slides per sample) was used for parasite detection, and the results were analyzed.Results:From 2016 to 2023, a total of 49 436 people were surveyed, including 23 861 males and 25 575 females, with an age range of 3 - 105 years old. The testing identified 687 intestinal helminth infections, with an overall infection rate of 1.39%. The predominant infection was whipworm (582 cases), with an infection rate of 1.18%; followed by roundworm and hookworm, with infection rates of 0.13% (62 cases) and 0.05% (23 cases) respectively; other types of helminths ( Clonorchis sinensis and pinworm) totaled 20 cases, with an infection rate of 0.04%. From 2016 to 2023, the annual intestinal helminth infection rates were 2.76% (201/7 292), 0.90% (56/6 327), 0.84% (52/6 200), 1.70% (124/7 282), 1.23% (88/7 133), 1.45% (104/7 150), 0.34% (17/5 058), and 1.46% (45/3 084), showing an overall downward trend (χ 2trend = 42.40, P < 0.001). The ≥60 age group had the highest intestinal helminth infection rate (2.39%, 323/13 489), while the 30 - 39 age group had the lowest rate (0.68%, 48/7 016). There was statistically significant difference in infection rates among different age groups (χ 2 = 172.25, P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in infection rates between genders (χ 2 = 0.03, P = 0.862). Farmers had the highest infection rate (1.69%, 560/33 118), with statistically significant differences among different occupational groups (χ 2 = 64.88, P < 0.001). Those with primary school education or below had the highest infection rate (1.82%, 445/24 469), with statistically significant differences among different education levels (χ 2 = 64.93, P < 0.001). Conclusions:In Lunan area of Shandong Province, whipworm is the predominant intestinal helminth infection, with elderly people being the high-risk group. Although the intestinal helminth infection rate in this region remains at a low level, there is still a risk of transmission. Continuous surveillance is needed, along with strengthened prevention and control measures for key populations.

Objective To explore the early diagnostic value of serum heat shock protein 70(HSP70),periosten combined with low-dose spiral CT(LDCT)for lung cancer.Methods From July 2022 to June 2024,103 lung cancer patients admitted to our hospital were regarded as the lung cancer group,and 87 patients with benign pulmonary nodules were selected as the benign group.ELISA kit was used to measure serum HSP70 and Periostin.Multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of lung cancer.Four grid table method was applied to calculate the sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of LDCT combined with serum HSP70 and Periostin in the diagnosis of lung cancer.Kappa test was applied to evaluate the consistency between LDCT,serum HSP70,Periostin combined with LDCT and pathological diagnosis of lung cancer.Results Compared with the benign group,the lung cancer group had greatly higher levels of serum HSP70 and Periostin(P＜0.05).Compared to the benign group,the lung cancer group had higher proportions of lobulation and spiculation signs(P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression showed that HSP70(OR=1.569),Periostin(OR=1.427),lobulation sign(OR=2.015),and spiculation sign(OR=1.946)were all independent risk factors for lung cancer(P＜0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of LDCT in diagnosing lung cancer were 85.44％,88.51％,and 86.84％,respectively;the sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of serum HSP70 and Periostin combined with LDCT in diagnosing lung cancer were 93.20％,80.46％,and 87.37％,respectively.Kappa test showed that the consistency between serum HSP70,Periostin combined with LDCT had high consistency with pathology in the diagnosis of lung cancer(Kappa value=0.743).Conclusion The serum levels of HSP70 and Periostin are higher in lung cancer patients.The combination of serum HSP70 and Periostin with LDCT has better diagnostic efficacy for lung cancer.

Objective To explore the early diagnostic value of serum heat shock protein 70(HSP70),periosten combined with low-dose spiral CT(LDCT)for lung cancer.Methods From July 2022 to June 2024,103 lung cancer patients admitted to our hospital were regarded as the lung cancer group,and 87 patients with benign pulmonary nodules were selected as the benign group.ELISA kit was used to measure serum HSP70 and Periostin.Multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of lung cancer.Four grid table method was applied to calculate the sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of LDCT combined with serum HSP70 and Periostin in the diagnosis of lung cancer.Kappa test was applied to evaluate the consistency between LDCT,serum HSP70,Periostin combined with LDCT and pathological diagnosis of lung cancer.Results Compared with the benign group,the lung cancer group had greatly higher levels of serum HSP70 and Periostin(P＜0.05).Compared to the benign group,the lung cancer group had higher proportions of lobulation and spiculation signs(P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression showed that HSP70(OR=1.569),Periostin(OR=1.427),lobulation sign(OR=2.015),and spiculation sign(OR=1.946)were all independent risk factors for lung cancer(P＜0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of LDCT in diagnosing lung cancer were 85.44％,88.51％,and 86.84％,respectively;the sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of serum HSP70 and Periostin combined with LDCT in diagnosing lung cancer were 93.20％,80.46％,and 87.37％,respectively.Kappa test showed that the consistency between serum HSP70,Periostin combined with LDCT had high consistency with pathology in the diagnosis of lung cancer(Kappa value=0.743).Conclusion The serum levels of HSP70 and Periostin are higher in lung cancer patients.The combination of serum HSP70 and Periostin with LDCT has better diagnostic efficacy for lung cancer.

Objective To explore the impact of the duration of protracted abstinence(PA)treatment on the level of impulsivity among heroin addicts and to analyze the mediating effect of impulsive cognition between abstinence duration and impulsive behavior.Methods Thirty-six heroin addicts undergoing PA treatment(PA group)and forty matched healthy controls(HC)(HC group)were recruited.Demographic information was collected via questionnaires,and impulsive cognition assessments were conducted.Participants completed the GO/NOGO task to collect data on impulsive behavior.Intergroup differences were compared using the independent sample t-test,and multiple linear regression analysis and mediating effect analysis were performed on the PA group.Results The PA group exhibited significantly higher scores on motor impulsivity,non-planning impulsivity,and total impulsivity compared to the HC group.Additionally,the PA group demonstrated significantly increased NOGO error rate during the GO/NOGO task compared to the HC group(P＜0.001).Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that abstinence duration had a significant negative impact on total impulsivity and non-planning impulsivity(P＜0.001).Mediating effect analysis found a partial mediation effect of total impulsivity between abstinence duration and NOGO error rate(P＜0.001).Conclusion The PA treatment has a significant impact on the level of impulsivity among heroin addicts.Impulsive cognition play a partial mediating role between abstinence duration and impulsive behavior.These results provide an important theoretical and practical basis for optimizing PA treatment programs.