Objective To investigate the effect of methamphetamine(METH)on production of cytokines in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and to explore the possible mechanism.Methods To study the effect of METH on the production of cytokines by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells,the cells were divided into five groups:blank control group,LPS stimulation group,and three METH intervention groups at different concentrations(20,100,and 200 μmol/L),which were METH/LPS groups.To study the role of the dopamine D3 receptor(D3R)in the process,the D3R antagonist NGB2904 was used,and there were five groups:blank control group,LPS stimulation group,METH/LPS group,NGB2904/LPS group,and NGB2904/METH/LPS group.Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay.The levels of IL-6,IL-10,and TNF-α in the supernatants were determined using ELISA.The expressions of p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2 were determined by Western blotting.Results Compared with the blank control group,the LPS stimulation group and the METH/LPS group had significantly increased cell viability,IL-6,IL-10,TNF-α,and ERK1/2 phosphorylation(P＜0.05).Compared with the LPS stimulation group,the METH/LPS group showed no obvious change in cell viability(P＞0.05),but significantly decreased levels of IL-6,IL-10,and ERK1/2 phosphorylation(P＜0.05).The inhibitory effect of METH showed a dose-dependent manner,with the highest inhibitory effect at METH 200 μmol/L.Furthermore,after the D3R antagonist was used,the results showed that compared with the LPS stimulation group,the cell activity was not significantly changed(P＞0.05),but the levels of IL-6,IL-10 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were significantly decreased in the METH/LPS group and the NGB2904/LPS group(P＜0.05).Compared with the METH/LPS group or the NGB2904/LPS group,the levels of IL-6,IL-10 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were further decreased in the NGB2904/METH/LPS group(P＜0.05).Conclusion METH might inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK1/2,thereby reducing the production of IL-6 and IL-10 in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS.The immunosuppressive effect of METH is similar to the immune effect when D3R is antagonized.

Objective:To compare the safety, number of lymph nodes removed, rate of lymph node metastasis, and prognosis between proximal gastrectomy (PG) and total gastrectomy (TG) in patients with Siewert types II and III adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, clinical data of patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction at Changzhi People's Hospital, affiliated with Changzhi Medical College, between December 2019 and November 2022, were collected. Patients who had received neoadjuvant therapy, had multiple malignant lesions in the stomach, had concomitant malignancies in other organs, had incomplete clinical data, or had been lost to follow-up were excluded. The study cohort comprised 308 patients, 99 in the PG group and 209 in the TG group. To reduce confounding bias, propensity score matching was performed, matching patients for age, sex, body mass index, tumor diameter, and pathological stage in a 1:1 ratio, resulting in 73 patients in each group. The primary outcomes assessed were operative details, number of lymph nodes dissected, rate of lymph node metastasis, postoperative complications, duration of hospital stay, and follow-up and survival outcomes.Results:The PG group had a significantly shorter median operative time than did the TG group (250 vs. 280 minutes, Z = -4.970, P<0.001), with fewer cases of intraoperative blood loss >100 mL (30.1%[22/73] vs. 46.6%[34/73], χ2=4.171, P=0.041), and a smaller number of lymph nodes removed (median 33 vs. 46, Z =-4.774, P<0.001); all of these differences are statistically significant (all P<0.05). Differences between the two groups in postoperative hospital stay and postoperative complications were not statistically significant (both P>0.05). Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were found between the PG and TG groups in the number of lymph nodes dissected or the lymph node metastasis rates at stations No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4sa, No. 4sb, and No. 7 (all P> 0.05). Among the 209 patients in the TG group, analysis of risk factors for metastasis to distal perigastric lymph nodes (No.4d, No.5, and No.6) showed that patients with tumor diameters ≤4 cm and T1–T3 stage disease had significantly lower rates of metastasis to these lymph nodes than did patients with tumor diameters >4 cm and/or T4 stage disease (0/78 vs. 12/131 [9.2%]); these differences are statistically significant ( P=0.014). The median duration of follow-up for the entire cohort was 26 months. The 3-year overall survival rates for the PG and TG groups were 62.5% and 63.3%, respectively; this difference is not statistically significant (χ 2=0.330, P = 0.565). Multivariate analysis showed that older age ( P = 0.035) and advanced pathological stage ( P = 0.018) were significant independent risk factors that affected overall survival in patients with Siewert type II and III adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. Conclusions:PG is safe and feasible for patients with Siewert types II and III adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. The number of lymph nodes dissected and metastasis status were similar in the TG and PG groups.

Objective To investigate the effect of methamphetamine(METH)on production of cytokines in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and to explore the possible mechanism.Methods To study the effect of METH on the production of cytokines by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells,the cells were divided into five groups:blank control group,LPS stimulation group,and three METH intervention groups at different concentrations(20,100,and 200 μmol/L),which were METH/LPS groups.To study the role of the dopamine D3 receptor(D3R)in the process,the D3R antagonist NGB2904 was used,and there were five groups:blank control group,LPS stimulation group,METH/LPS group,NGB2904/LPS group,and NGB2904/METH/LPS group.Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay.The levels of IL-6,IL-10,and TNF-α in the supernatants were determined using ELISA.The expressions of p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2 were determined by Western blotting.Results Compared with the blank control group,the LPS stimulation group and the METH/LPS group had significantly increased cell viability,IL-6,IL-10,TNF-α,and ERK1/2 phosphorylation(P＜0.05).Compared with the LPS stimulation group,the METH/LPS group showed no obvious change in cell viability(P＞0.05),but significantly decreased levels of IL-6,IL-10,and ERK1/2 phosphorylation(P＜0.05).The inhibitory effect of METH showed a dose-dependent manner,with the highest inhibitory effect at METH 200 μmol/L.Furthermore,after the D3R antagonist was used,the results showed that compared with the LPS stimulation group,the cell activity was not significantly changed(P＞0.05),but the levels of IL-6,IL-10 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were significantly decreased in the METH/LPS group and the NGB2904/LPS group(P＜0.05).Compared with the METH/LPS group or the NGB2904/LPS group,the levels of IL-6,IL-10 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were further decreased in the NGB2904/METH/LPS group(P＜0.05).Conclusion METH might inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK1/2,thereby reducing the production of IL-6 and IL-10 in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS.The immunosuppressive effect of METH is similar to the immune effect when D3R is antagonized.

Objective:To compare the safety, number of lymph nodes removed, rate of lymph node metastasis, and prognosis between proximal gastrectomy (PG) and total gastrectomy (TG) in patients with Siewert types II and III adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, clinical data of patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction at Changzhi People's Hospital, affiliated with Changzhi Medical College, between December 2019 and November 2022, were collected. Patients who had received neoadjuvant therapy, had multiple malignant lesions in the stomach, had concomitant malignancies in other organs, had incomplete clinical data, or had been lost to follow-up were excluded. The study cohort comprised 308 patients, 99 in the PG group and 209 in the TG group. To reduce confounding bias, propensity score matching was performed, matching patients for age, sex, body mass index, tumor diameter, and pathological stage in a 1:1 ratio, resulting in 73 patients in each group. The primary outcomes assessed were operative details, number of lymph nodes dissected, rate of lymph node metastasis, postoperative complications, duration of hospital stay, and follow-up and survival outcomes.Results:The PG group had a significantly shorter median operative time than did the TG group (250 vs. 280 minutes, Z = -4.970, P<0.001), with fewer cases of intraoperative blood loss >100 mL (30.1%[22/73] vs. 46.6%[34/73], χ2=4.171, P=0.041), and a smaller number of lymph nodes removed (median 33 vs. 46, Z =-4.774, P<0.001); all of these differences are statistically significant (all P<0.05). Differences between the two groups in postoperative hospital stay and postoperative complications were not statistically significant (both P>0.05). Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were found between the PG and TG groups in the number of lymph nodes dissected or the lymph node metastasis rates at stations No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4sa, No. 4sb, and No. 7 (all P> 0.05). Among the 209 patients in the TG group, analysis of risk factors for metastasis to distal perigastric lymph nodes (No.4d, No.5, and No.6) showed that patients with tumor diameters ≤4 cm and T1–T3 stage disease had significantly lower rates of metastasis to these lymph nodes than did patients with tumor diameters >4 cm and/or T4 stage disease (0/78 vs. 12/131 [9.2%]); these differences are statistically significant ( P=0.014). The median duration of follow-up for the entire cohort was 26 months. The 3-year overall survival rates for the PG and TG groups were 62.5% and 63.3%, respectively; this difference is not statistically significant (χ 2=0.330, P = 0.565). Multivariate analysis showed that older age ( P = 0.035) and advanced pathological stage ( P = 0.018) were significant independent risk factors that affected overall survival in patients with Siewert type II and III adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. Conclusions:PG is safe and feasible for patients with Siewert types II and III adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. The number of lymph nodes dissected and metastasis status were similar in the TG and PG groups.

Male ; Humans ; Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Varicocele/diagnosis* ; Biomarkers

Objective: To explore the status and associated factors of the knowledge and health education needs about child sexual abuse of middle school students by sex, so as to provide a basis for targeted safety education of preventing child sexual abuse. Methods: From June to July 2023, 1 256 junior high school students from 2 middle schools in southern area of Shaanxi Province were selected by a convenience sampling method. A selfdesigned general information questionnaire, Childrens Sexual Assault Cognition Questionnaire, and Health Education Needs Questionnaire were used for questionnaire survey. Group comparisons were conducted using ttests, analysis of variance, and Chisquare tests. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the factors related to cognitive scores of sexual assault, and binary Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors related to the willingness of middle school students to receive sexual assault safety education. Results: The correct response rate of the participants for knowledge of sexual assault cognition (CSA) was (80.97±12.09)%. For each item, the correct response rate ranged 46.7%-97.2%. The correct rate (78.98±12.23)% of male students knowledge of CSA was lower than female students (83.17±11.55)% statistically (t=-6.23, P<0.01). The factors influencing the participants knowledge of CSA included gender (β=0.16), mothers occupation (β=0.07) and experience of CSA safety education (β=0.10) (P<0.05). Most students (92.7%) were willing to receive CSA education. Girls (OR=1.72, 95%CI=1.06-2.77) and students who previously received CSA education (OR=6.98, 95%CI=4.44-10.96) had more willingness to receive CSA education (P<0.05). A total of 71.8% of middle school students preferred their parents as educators, while 43.4% of students chose onsite instruction as the preferred method of CSA education. Conclusions Middle school students have a strong willingness to accept CSA safety education. Knowledge of CSA and willingness to receive CSA safety education are related to gender and previous educational experience.

Objective:To evaluate the application effect of task-based teaching combined with formative evaluation in the teaching of Nursing Research. Methods:A total of 56 nursing students from Batch 2016 were selected as the research objects. The task-based teaching method and formative evaluation were applied in the teaching of Nursing Research to guide the students to participate in and complete the whole nursing research process. The changes of students' autonomous learning ability, learning behavior and innovation ability before and after the course were investigated by questionnaires, so as to evaluate the teaching effect. SPSS 24.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:There were significant differences in the scores of students' independent learning ability before the course (90.43±9.45) and that after the course (94.73±9.64) ( t=-11.87, P<0.05), especially in the aspects of information ability, learning and cooperation ability ( P<0.05). There were significant differences in the score of students' innovation ability before the course (73.64±10.12) and that after the course (77.34±12.31) ( t=-3.05, P<0.05), especially in the aspects of innovative thinking ability and innovative practice ability ( P<0.05). In addition, the students' learning behavior also changed significantly, which was manifested in the increased action of preview, review and questioning. Conclusion:Task-based teaching method combined with formative evaluation can improve students' autonomous learning ability, learning behavior and innovation ability.

Objective :To evaluate diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence for detecting the perianal fistulas by comparing it with the conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences .Methods :MRI findings of 40 patients with the perianal fistula proved surgically and pathologically were retrospectively analyzed . The findings of the perianal fistulas on DWI , T2-weighed imaging with fat saturation (T2 WI FS ) and T1-weighed imaging with fat saturation (T1 WI FS ) contrasted-enhancement were recorded .The comparisons of DWI with T2 WI FS and T1 WI FS contrasted-enhancement for identifying the internal openings and fistulas were performed .Results :In the forty patients ,48 fistulas and 63 internal openings were found . Forty-three (89 .6% ) internal openings and 57 (90 .5% ) fistulas were found on DWI ;37 (77 .1% ) internal openings and 51 (81 .0% ) fistulas were found on T2 WI FS ;45 (93 .8% ) internal openings and 59 (93 .7% ) fistulas were found on T1 WI FS contrasted-enhancement .The comparison in accuracy shows that distinction between T2 WI FS and T1 WI FS contrasted enhancement was statistically significant ,but there has no statistically significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between T2 WI FS combined with DWI and T2 WI FS combined with T1 WI FS contrasted enhancement .Conclusions :The accuracy of plain scan including DWI for diagnosis of perianal fistula was similar with enhanced sequence .The reasonable combination of DWI and conventional sequence can further improve the applicability of the inspection ,which can be used as a routine diagnostic MRI examination sequence for perianal fistula .

Objective To carry out the comprehensive simulation and design of experiment teaching in pediatric nursing based on putting the students at the center position and evaluate the teaching effect . Methods Four classes from 6 parallel classes of undergraduate students of nursing major in 2010 Grade were chosen and randomly divided into the control group (n=90) and the experimental group (n=107).The control group received the traditional experiment teaching , and the experimental group received the comprehensive simulation and design of experiment teaching .The score of theoretical test and practical ability were evaluated , and the feeling in the comprehensive simulation and design of experiment teaching was investigated in two students.Results The score of theoretical test was (88.81 ±10.19) in the experimental group, and was (85.12 ±13.14) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.25, P<0.05).The scores of 8 kinds of pediatric nursing comprehensive experimental examination in the experimental group were better than those of the control group .Most students gave affirmation to the comprehensive simulation and design of experiment teaching .Conclusions The comprehensive simulation and design of experiment teaching in pediatric nursing based on putting the students at the center position can improve the students ’ learning effect .

Objective:To construct eukaryotic expression plasmids of pneumocystis carinii p55-v3 and p55-v0 antigenic genes and to identify their expression in COS-7 cells at mRNA level.Methods:Pneumocystis carinii total RNA was used as the template to amplify p55-v3 and p55-v0 antigenic gene by RT-PCR.The products were connected to pTA2 vector and then cloned in pVAX1 eukaryotic expression vector to construct recombinant plasmids as pVAX-p55-v3 and pVAX-p55-v0.After propagated in E.coli DH5α,the recombinant plasmids were transfected into COS-7 cells.After 24 h incubation,the RT-PCR was performed to identify the mRNA expression of p55-v3 and p55-v0 antigenic gene.Results:The recombinant plasmids were qualified by restrictive endonuclease digestion and sequencing.And when compared with that in GenBank,the homology of p55-v3 antigenic gene was 99.9% in nucleotides and 100% in amino acid.The homology between p55-v0 antigenic gene and the one reported previously in nucleotide and amino acid seguence were 99.8% and 100%.The results of RT-PCR confirmed that p55-v3 and p55-v0 antigenic genes were transfected into COS-7 cells successfully and the genes were expressed in the cells.Conclusion:In this study,the recombinant plasmids of pVAX-p55-v3 and pVAX-p55-v0 are conducted successfully and expressed in the COS-7 cells,which provide a basis for clarification of immunologic function of p55-v3 and study of DNA vaccine.