Lung transplantation is the ultimate therapeutic option for end-stage pulmonary diseases such as interstitial pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumoconiosis. Currently, the shortage of allogeneic lung donors significantly limits the opportunity for end-stage lung disease patients to receive lung transplantation. In recent years, with the rapid development of biomedical engineering technologies, especially the major breakthroughs in genetic modification and cloning, xenogeneic lung transplantation has shown important potential for clinical translation. Among them, genetically modified pigs have become the most promising xenogeneic lung source due to the close similarity of organ size and physiological characteristics to humans, and the ability to perform targeted gene knockouts (such as α-Gal antigen knockout) to reduce the occurrence of hyperacute rejection. This article focuses on the research progress of porcine xenogeneic lung transplantation, systematically reviews the latest achievements and challenges in animal experiments and human trials, and introduces the technical experience accumulated by Shenzhen Third People's Hospital in the porcine-to-monkey xenogeneic lung transplantation model, in the hope of providing practical references for future research in this field.

Objective To explore the immediate and short-term effects of Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill in the intervention of coronary slow flow(CSF).Methods Through Interactive Web Response System,Sixty-four patients with CSF from Dongzhimen Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine were divided into a Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill group(32 patients)and a placebo group(32 patients)in a 1∶1 ratio in a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial.After sublingual administration of four capsules of Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill or the placebo,coronary angiography was repeated,and the corrected TIMI frame count(CTFC)and microcirculatory resistance index(caIMR)were measured to evaluate immediate blood flow velocity.After taking Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill or the placebo for 12 weeks,the short-term efficacy was evaluated using traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome,blood stasis syndrome,and Seattle Angina Questionnaire(SAQ)scores.Results The CTFC and caIMR were lower after administration in the Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill group(P＜0.05)than in the placebo group,and the differences in pre-and post-administration values between the two groups were significant(P＜0.01).Intragroup comparisons showed that the CTFC and caIMR in the Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill group were lower after administration than before administration(P＜0.01).After 12 weeks of treatment,the blood stasis and TCM syndrome scores in the Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill group were lower than those in the placebo group,whereas the SAQ score was higher than that in the placebo group(P＜0.01).Intragroup comparisons indicated that the blood stasis syndrome score in the Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill group was lower after treatment than before treatment,whereas the TCM syndrome score in both groups was lower and the SAQ score was higher after treatment than before treatment(P＜0.01).Conclusion Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill improve the immediate blood flow velocity of CSF,enhance the quality of life of patients,reduce the TCM syndrome and blood stasis syndrome scores,and have good safety.

Blood from a case of group B epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis identified in February 2024 in Ganzhou City,Jiangxi Province,and throat swabs from close contacts were collected for isolation and culture.The isolates were subjected to serogrouping,drug sensitivity testing,and whole genome sequencing and analysis,to provide a basis for epidemiological inves-tigation and clinical drug use.One strain of Neisseria meningitidis was isolated from the blood of the case and denoted group B.The MLST type was ST-7962,with no clonal group attribution.The phylogenetic tree showed that it was genetically close to the 1977 Shanghai carrier isolate(id-52231).Drug sensitivity results indicated that the strain was sensitive to 8 drugs:azithro-mycin,cefotaxime,minocycline,ceftriaxone,chloramphenicol,meropenem,rifampicin,and benzylpenicillin;resistant to cot-rimoxazole,levofloxacin,and ciprofloxacin;and showed an intermediate response to penicillin.This report describes the first case of ST-7962 group B meningoencephalitis found in Jiangxi Province.Monitoring of Neisseria meningitidis carriage,drug re-sistance,and molecular characteristics of strains in the healthy population in this region should be strengthened,to provide la-boratory support for the clinical use of medications,traceability,and control of the pathogen underlying meningoencephalitis infection.

Objective To develop dynamic prediction models based on multiple postnatal time points to support early diagnosis and individualized intervention for bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in preterm infants with gestational age<32 weeks.Methods Clinical data of 472 preterm infants with gestational age<32 weeks admitted to the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between January 2016 and November 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Multivariable logistic regression was applied to develop five independent prediction models at postnatal days 1,7,14,21,and 28.The performance of the models was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test.Results Baseline characteristics such as gestational age and birth weight differed significantly between the BPD group(n=147)and the non-BPD group(n=325)(P<0.05).Predictors of BPD evolved across time points:on day 1,key predictors included gestational age,birth weight,Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology II(SNAP-II),invasive mechanical ventilation,and fraction of inspired oxygen>30%;by day 7,additional variables emerged,including fasting duration>2 days,mean feeding advancement rate<8.5 mL/(kg·d),neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,apnea of prematurity,and positive sputum culture;from day 14 onward,nutrition-and treatment-related indicators were incorporated additionally.The models demonstrated good discrimination at postnatal days 1,7,14,21,and 28,with AUCs of 0.917,0.927,0.939,0.944,and 0.968,respectively,and good calibration(Hosmer-Lemeshow P>0.05).Internal validation showed AUCs ranging from 0.899 to 0.958,indicating robust performance.Conclusions Dynamic postnatal prediction models incorporating indicators spanning perinatal factors,respiratory support,nutritional management,and therapeutic interventions demonstrate high predictive performance and facilitate dynamic risk assessment for BPD in preterm infants with gestational age<32 weeks.

Aim To reveal the mechanism of CIP4 homologs protein 1(RICH1)are involved in the regu-lation of myocardial fibrosis.Methods Mouse cardiac fibroblasts(MCFs)cells were treated with transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β1)to induce the formation of a myocardial fibrosis cell model;the level of the target protein was detected by Western blotting;and the RICH1 gene was detected by transfection of the cells with plasmid.The RICH1 gene was overexpressed(RICH 1 OE)using plasmid transfection;the RICH1 gene was silenced using siRNA fragment(siRICH1);and the expression levels of myocardial fibrosis marker genes,such as Col1 a1,Col3 a1,and Acta2,were de-tected using RT-qPCR.Results RICH1 was signifi-cantly down-regulated in TGF-β1-treated MCFs;the expression levels of myocardial fibrosis marker genes,such as Col1 a1,Col3a1,and Acta2,were down-regu-lated in the RICH1 OE+TGF-β1 group;and in the siRICH1+TGF-β1 group,myocardial fibrosis marker genes,such as Col1 a1,Col3a1 and Acta2 were up-regulated at the expression level;phosphorylated SMAD2(p-SMAD2)and phosphorylated SMAD3(p-SMAD3)levels were down-regulated in the siRICH1 OE+TGF-β1 group.p-SMAD2 and P-SMAD3 levels were upregulated in the siRICH1+TGF-β1 group.Conclusion RICH1 inhibits TGF-β1-induced myo-cardial fibrosis;RICH1 inhibits TGF-β1-induced myo-cardial fibrosis by negatively regulating the SMAD2/3 signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the ArcCHECK system-based methods for dose verification of ultra-long target for cervical cancer VMAT so as to assure the precision of cervical cancer radiotherapy.Methods A total of 33 patients with ultra-long target(target length≥26 cm)admitted to some hospital for cervical cancer VMAT from 2021 to 2023 were selected retrospectively,and radiotherapy plans were designed for the patients with VMAT technology and verified dosimetrically with different methods.Firstly,the dose distribution data were collected respectively at 5 and 8 cm away from the center of the ArcCHECK system along the bed exit direction,and enrolled into Group Test 1 and Test 2 respectively.Then the ArcCHECK system was flipped 180°,and the dose distribution data were acquired at 8 cm away from the center along the bed exit direction and included into Group Test 3.Dose merging between Group Test 2 and Test 3 with the Merge function was carried out to obtain the dose distribution data which were divided into Group Test 4.The monitor units of Group Test 1,2 and 4 were summarized,and difference analyses were performed on the length of the target area,detection point and irradiation time.Group Test 1,2 and 4 were compared in terms of γ pass rate,normalized dose deviation,confidence limit(CL)of pass rate and acceptance rate(γ pass rate≥95%and γ pass rate≥90%).Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to correlate the parameters such as maximum transverse diameter,length,volume and monitor unit of the target area and expected execution time of the plan.SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results Group Test 1,2 and 4 had the monitor unit being(758.76±107.63)MU,and had statistically significant differences in length of the target area,detection point and irradiation time(P<0.01).In Group Test 4 γ pass rate under 2%/2 mm criterion did not reach 90%,and in Group Test 1 and 2 γ pass rates under 3%/3 mm and 3%/2 mm criteria both amounted to 95%.Group Test 1,2 and 4 had statistically significant differences in γ pass rate and normalized dose deviation(all P<0.05).In Group Test 1 there were more than 90%of the verification results where γ pass rate≥95%and more than 95%where γ pass rate≥90%under 3%/3 mm criterion.The monitor unit was positively correlated with the maximum transverse diameter,length and volume of the target area,respectively(0.337≤r≤0.568,P<0.05),and the expected execution time of the plan was positively correlated with the volume and monitor unit of the target area,respectively(0.457≤r≤0.517,P<0.01).Conclusion The dose verification method with the target at 5 cm away from the center along the bed exit direction can be applied clinically with high feasibility to the dose verification during the radiotherapy of the cervical cancer VMAT patients with ultra-long target,with the safety of the verification devices ensured effectively.

Aim To reveal the mechanism of CIP4 homologs protein 1(RICH1)are involved in the regu-lation of myocardial fibrosis.Methods Mouse cardiac fibroblasts(MCFs)cells were treated with transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β1)to induce the formation of a myocardial fibrosis cell model;the level of the target protein was detected by Western blotting;and the RICH1 gene was detected by transfection of the cells with plasmid.The RICH1 gene was overexpressed(RICH 1 OE)using plasmid transfection;the RICH1 gene was silenced using siRNA fragment(siRICH1);and the expression levels of myocardial fibrosis marker genes,such as Col1 a1,Col3 a1,and Acta2,were de-tected using RT-qPCR.Results RICH1 was signifi-cantly down-regulated in TGF-β1-treated MCFs;the expression levels of myocardial fibrosis marker genes,such as Col1 a1,Col3a1,and Acta2,were down-regu-lated in the RICH1 OE+TGF-β1 group;and in the siRICH1+TGF-β1 group,myocardial fibrosis marker genes,such as Col1 a1,Col3a1 and Acta2 were up-regulated at the expression level;phosphorylated SMAD2(p-SMAD2)and phosphorylated SMAD3(p-SMAD3)levels were down-regulated in the siRICH1 OE+TGF-β1 group.p-SMAD2 and P-SMAD3 levels were upregulated in the siRICH1+TGF-β1 group.Conclusion RICH1 inhibits TGF-β1-induced myo-cardial fibrosis;RICH1 inhibits TGF-β1-induced myo-cardial fibrosis by negatively regulating the SMAD2/3 signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the ArcCHECK system-based methods for dose verification of ultra-long target for cervical cancer VMAT so as to assure the precision of cervical cancer radiotherapy.Methods A total of 33 patients with ultra-long target(target length≥26 cm)admitted to some hospital for cervical cancer VMAT from 2021 to 2023 were selected retrospectively,and radiotherapy plans were designed for the patients with VMAT technology and verified dosimetrically with different methods.Firstly,the dose distribution data were collected respectively at 5 and 8 cm away from the center of the ArcCHECK system along the bed exit direction,and enrolled into Group Test 1 and Test 2 respectively.Then the ArcCHECK system was flipped 180°,and the dose distribution data were acquired at 8 cm away from the center along the bed exit direction and included into Group Test 3.Dose merging between Group Test 2 and Test 3 with the Merge function was carried out to obtain the dose distribution data which were divided into Group Test 4.The monitor units of Group Test 1,2 and 4 were summarized,and difference analyses were performed on the length of the target area,detection point and irradiation time.Group Test 1,2 and 4 were compared in terms of γ pass rate,normalized dose deviation,confidence limit(CL)of pass rate and acceptance rate(γ pass rate≥95%and γ pass rate≥90%).Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to correlate the parameters such as maximum transverse diameter,length,volume and monitor unit of the target area and expected execution time of the plan.SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results Group Test 1,2 and 4 had the monitor unit being(758.76±107.63)MU,and had statistically significant differences in length of the target area,detection point and irradiation time(P<0.01).In Group Test 4 γ pass rate under 2%/2 mm criterion did not reach 90%,and in Group Test 1 and 2 γ pass rates under 3%/3 mm and 3%/2 mm criteria both amounted to 95%.Group Test 1,2 and 4 had statistically significant differences in γ pass rate and normalized dose deviation(all P<0.05).In Group Test 1 there were more than 90%of the verification results where γ pass rate≥95%and more than 95%where γ pass rate≥90%under 3%/3 mm criterion.The monitor unit was positively correlated with the maximum transverse diameter,length and volume of the target area,respectively(0.337≤r≤0.568,P<0.05),and the expected execution time of the plan was positively correlated with the volume and monitor unit of the target area,respectively(0.457≤r≤0.517,P<0.01).Conclusion The dose verification method with the target at 5 cm away from the center along the bed exit direction can be applied clinically with high feasibility to the dose verification during the radiotherapy of the cervical cancer VMAT patients with ultra-long target,with the safety of the verification devices ensured effectively.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

The lab module of exploratory experiment is newly designed in the practical course of bio-chemistry.Here we describe one of the experimental projects,and it originates from new scientific re-search results on the dynamic structure of ATP synthase.This exploratory experiment is organized in the form of real scientific research,which would fully mobilize the initiative and creativity of students in learning theoretical knowledge and experimental technology.Students work in groups and start with refer-ence reading.Through cooperation,they must develop certain experimental plan,handle samples with photocrosslinking technique and utilize the high-throughput electrophoresis method to analyze the dynamic structural change of ε subunit in ATP synthase under different physiological conditions.High quality re-sults from high-throughput electrophoresis can only be obtained through optimized operation and treat-ment,from which students would experience the process of technological innovation.The teaching process of this lab module embodies the student-centered teaching concept and is widely approved and supported by students.The project of ATP synthase closely combines the content of lab course with cut-ting-edge technology.Students can deeply experience the importance of experimental technology innova-tion in solving scientific problems.The practical ability of students would be comprehensively improved through this lab module.