Objective: To explore the impact of different blood donation scenarios on population characteristics and blood donation behaviors, and to provide a basis for precise blood donation recruitment. Methods: Eligible voluntary blood donors with complete records from four scenarios in Xi'an: medical institutions, cultural tourism SITES, commercial superstores, and blood centers. After a preliminary analysis of overall donor characteristics across the four scenarios, three core subgroups were defined based on scenarios and donor population differences: the medical subgroup (aged 30-39 years), the blood center subgroup (aged 30-39 years), and the cultural tourism and commercial superstore subgroup (aged 18-29 years). Baseline characteristics, blood donation behaviors, and blood test results were compared among the subgroups. Results: The blood donors in all four scenarios were mainly male, but the proportion of female donors in the medical scenario was the highest (26.4%, 8 878/33 634). In terms of age distribution, the cultural tourism and commercial superstore scenarios were dominated by donors aged 18-29, while the blood center and medical scenarios were dominated by those aged 30-39, with the highest proportion of donors over 40 in the medical scenario. The occupational and educational composition of blood donors in the blood center scenario spanned a wide range, exhibiting a clear bipolar distribution. Significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics, blood donation behaviors, and blood test results among the three core subgroups (P<0.001). The medical subgroup was mainly composed of enterprise/industrial workers and married individuals, with high proportions of first-time blood donors, and the highest unqualified rate of infectious indicators (2.0%, 274/13 509). The cultural tourism and commercial superstore subgroup was mainly unmarried and students, featured high proportions of large-volume donations and evening donations, and had a relatively high unqualified rate for ALT (0.4%, 130/31 443). The blood center subgroup had a complex population structure, a high proportion of repeat blood donors (45.3%, 6449/14 225), and moderate results in all test indicators. Conclusion: There is an inherent correlation between the attributes of blood donation scenarios, population characteristics, and blood donation behaviors. The differences among the three core subgroups provide a clear basis for precise scenario operation. By constructing transformation channels between different scenarios and optimizing scenario-specific strategies, the structure of blood donors can be improved, thereby supporting the sustainable development of voluntary blood donation.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Yuyin Lidan granules （YYLD） in preventing the recurrence of common bile duct stones （CBDS） in patients with liver and gallbladder dampness-heat syndrome following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP）. MethodsThis randomized， parallel， controlled trial enrolled postoperative CBDS-ERCP patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sixty-four patients were randomly assigned to an observation group or a control group， with 32 cases in each. Both groups received conventional Western medical treatment after ERCP， while the observation group additionally received YYLD for 8 weeks. The follow-up period lasted for 1 year. The efficacy indicators included bile bilirubin levels， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome scores， clinical efficacy rate， pancreatitis and inflammation markers， postoperative liver function， and CBDS recurrence rate at 1-year follow-up， which were used to jointly evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of both groups. ResultsA total of 56 patients completed the study and were included in the final analysis， i.e.， 29 in the observation group and 27 in the control group. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. Compared with pre-treatment and with the control group after treatment， the bile bilirubin level in the observation group significantly decreased （P<0.05）. After treatment， the clinical cure and marked improvement rates were higher in the observation group than in the control group， showing a statistically significant difference in overall clinical efficacy （P<0.05）. Compared with pre-treatment， the primary and secondary symptoms in the observation group， as well as the primary symptom and the secondary symptom of nausea and vomiting in the control group （weeks 4 and 8）， were significantly reduced （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the observation group showed significant reductions in the primary symptom of loose stools/constipation （day 5 and week 4） and in three secondary symptoms， i.e.， bitter taste and sticky dry mouth， abdominal distension and poor appetite （throughout the treatment period）， and general heaviness and fatigue （day 5 and week 4）， with statistical differences （P<0.05）. Compared with pre-treatment， both groups showed decreased lipase and urinary amylase levels （P<0.05）. However， no significant between-group differences were observed in pancreatitis or inflammation-related indices after treatment. Compared with pre-treatment， all liver function indicators in the observation group and alanine aminotransferase （ ALT ）， γ-glutamyl transferase （ γ-GT ）， alkaline phosphatase （ALP）， and conjugated bilirubin in the control group significantly decreased at weeks 4 and 8 （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment， only serum total bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin were significantly reduced in the observation group during the treatment period （P<0.05）. ConclusionYYLD combined with conventional Western medical treatment can effectively regulate bilirubin metabolism （in bile and serum）， improve TCM clinical symptoms， and prevent CBDS recurrence after ERCP in patients with liver and gallbladder dampness-heat syndrome. This regimen is safe and effective and is worthy of further clinical research and promotion.

Objective To explore the predictive value of artificial intelligence (AI)-based lung nodule CT quantitative analysis for the invasion degree of lung adenocarcinoma spectrum lesions. Methods According to the invasion degree of lung adenocarcinoma spectrum lesions, patients with surgically and pathologically confirmed lung adenocarcinoma spectrum lesions from January to June 2023 in Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University were retrospectively collected and divided into a non-invasive group and an invasive group, including atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma in situ, and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma patients in the non-invasive group, and invasive adenocarcinoma patients in the invasive group. All enrolled patients underwent chest CT before surgery, and then the lung nodules were quantitatively analyzed using an AI-based computer-aided diagnosis system to compare the related quantitative parameters of lung nodules that have been surgically removed and pathologically confirmed as lung adenocarcinoma spectrum lesions between the two groups. The relationship between various CT quantitative features and the invasion degree of lung adenocarcinoma spectrum lesions was analyzed. Results A total of 149 patients (149 lesions) were included, including 42 males and 107 females, aged 29-81 (56.35±10.75) years. There were 72 patients in the non-invasive group and 77 patients in the invasive group. Statistical differences were observed between the two groups in long diameter, short diameter, volume, surface area, mass, maximum cross-sectional area, 3D long diameter, maximum CT value, minimum CT value, average CT value, entropy, kurtosis, skewness, malignancy probability and other indicators (P<0.05). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that long diameter [OR=1.687, 95%CI (1.364, 2.085), P<0.001], average CT value [OR=1.006, 95%CI (1.002, 1.009), P=0.002], and malignancy probability [OR=1.034, 95%CI (1.005, 1.063), P=0.020] were independent risk factors for the invasion degree of lung adenocarcinoma. The predictive model combining the above parameters demonstrated optimal performance, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.951, sensitivity of 0.818, and specificity of 0.972. Using a Nomogram to quantify the three independent risk factors, the cross-validation was performed to evaluate the stability of the model, and the average C-index of cross-validation was 0.950, with each fold C-index >0.75, indicating that the prediction performance of the model was stable, and the calibration curve and decision curve indicated good predictive performance. Conclusion The visualization prediction model constructed by AI-based quantitative analysis of lung nodules in CT demonstrates significant discriminative effectiveness in the assessment of invasiveness in lung adenocarcinoma spectrum lesions. This visualization prediction model can provide a quantitative decision-making basis for the preoperative identification of the degree of invasiveness in lung adenocarcinoma spectrum lesions.

Objective This study conducted molecular biological identification of the viruses carried by Culex pipiens pallens specimens collected in Shunyi District, Beijing in 2023, and observed the changes in the infection rate of the viruses carried by Cx. pipiens pallens at different collection times. Methods Cx. pipiens pallens were collected using carbon dioxide mosquito traps. The mosquito samples were ground in batches and analyzed by molecular biology technologies. The virus infection rate at different collection times was analyzed statistically. Results 17 strains of Culex pipiens pallens densovirus(CppDNV)were identified from Cx. pipiens pallens samples collected in Shunyi District, Beijing, in 2023. The nucleotide sequence analysis of the virus genome coding region showed that CppDNV was a single-stranded DNA virus with a total length of 3 335 nt, encoding 2 non-structural proteins(NS1, NS2)and 1 capsid protein(VP). The nucleotide(amino acid)sequence lengths of the three proteins were 2 376 nt(791 aa),1 092 nt(363 aa)and 1 071 nt(356 aa), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CppDNV was located in genus Brevihamaparvovirus. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in infection rates across collection times(χ2=4.429, P=0.194). Conclusions CppDNV was identified in Cx. pipiens pallens in Beijing, and it was stably maintained in this natural population.

Objective To investigate the species composition of mosquitoes and breeding conditions of larvae in the rice planting areas of Beijing, and to provide a scientific basis for mosquito control in rice fields. Methods Adult mosquitoes were collected using CO2-baited light traps, and mosquito larvae(including pupae)were sampled via the dipping method. Results A total of 4 genera and 6 species of adult mosquitoes were captured in the study area. The dominant species were Culex pipiens pallens, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, and Anopheles sinensis. The average adult mosquito density was 5.11 specimens per trap-hour, with slightly lower density in July compared to August. For larvae and pupae,3 genera and 4 species were identified, dominated by Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, An. sinensis, and Aedes vexans. Conclusions The mosquito species composition in Beijing′s rice planting areas is diverse. Mosquito control strategies should prioritize the management of adult mosquitoes, while density control of mosquito larvae in paddy fields can be achieved through intermittent irrigation techniques.

AIM To evaluate the quality of Gegen Formula Granules.METHODS Linear calibration with two reference substances(LCTRS)was adopted in the predicting of retention time with puerarin and daidzein as internal standards.UPLC characteristic chromatograms were established.The contents of 3'-hydroxy puerarin,puerarin(internal standard),3'-methoxy puerarin,puerarin 6"-O-xyloside,puerarin apioside and daidzin were determined by quantitative determination analysis multi-components by a single marker(QAMS),after which their transfer rates were calculated.RESULTS Compared with relative retention time method,LCTRS demonstrated higher positional accuracy for characteristic peaks and wider application range for columns.There were 9 characteristic peaks in the characteristic chromatograms for 14 batches of formula granules and 15 batches of standard decoctions with the similarities of more than 0.95.The contents and transfer rates of various constituents in formula granules and standard decoctions were basically consistent.CONCLUSION The chemical constituents in formula granules and their standard decoctions of Puerariae lobatae Radix display good consistency,reliable preparation process is observable in the former.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the leaves of Drynaria fortunei(Kunze)J.Sm.and their antioxidant activity.METHODS ODS-AG-HG,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC were used for separation and purification,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH mothod.RESULTS Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as kaempferol-3-O-neohesperidoside(1),dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol(2),kaempferol-3,7-di-O-α-L-rahmnoside(3),astragalin(4),loliolid(5),trichothecene analogue(6),2,2-[bis-4-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)phenyl]propane(7),maculatin(8),trichothecin(9),4-[(Z)-but-2-enoyloxy]-8-chloro-12-hydroxy-7,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene(10),8-deoxy-trichotecin(11),β-sitosterol(12),daucosterol(13),afzelin(14),samwinol(15).The IC50 values of the leaf and rhizome extracts against DPPH free radicals were(0.072±0.005),(0.287±0.012)mg/mL,respectively.CONCLUSION Compounds 1,2,5-11,15 are isolated from this plant for the first time.The leaves of D.fortunei exhibit strong antioxidant activity.

Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of combined lienal polypeptide injection therapy in the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia（MPP）in children aged 3 to 14 years old in multiple clinical centers.Methods:A randomized，controlled，multi-center clinical study design was adopted.A total of 240 hospitalized children aged 3 to 14 years old with MPP from 7 hospitals from September 1，2023 to January 31，2024 were included.According to the severity of pneumonia，they were divided into the mild MPP group with 80 cases and the severe MPP/refractory MPP（SMPP/RMPP）group with 160 cases，and then randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group at a ratio of 1 ∶1，using the random number table method.After screening，subjects entered a treatment period of 5 to 7 days.The control group was treated with azithromycin，while the experimental group was treated with azithromycin plus lienal polypeptide injection .The recovery of lung CT，length of hospital stay，duration of fever，cough score，whether mild cases developed into severe or refractory cases，duration of hormone use，use of intravenous immunoglobulin（IVIG），bronchoscopy treatment，and immune function were observed between the two groups to evaluate the efficacy of lienal polypeptide injection.Adverse events after medication，vital signs，blood routine，urine routine，liver function，myocardial enzymes，renal function，and electrocardiogram were observed to evaluate the safety. Results:A total of 231 subjects have completed the trial in the 7 hospitals，including 118 cases in the experimental group and 113 cases in the control group.Main observation index：the rate of lung CT aggravation in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group（2.6% vs 15.3%， P<0.01），and the difference was statistically significant.Secondary indexes：there were no statistically significant differences in the length of hospital stay，duration of fever，cough score，duration of hormone use，whether IVIG treatment was used，the number of bronchoscopy treatment cases，and immunoglobulin between the two groups（all P>0.05）.However，the rate of cases of plastic bronchitis（PB）found under bronchoscopy in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group（0 vs 18.8%， P=0.03），and the difference was statistically significant.Among the mild MPP（72 cases），there were no statistically significant differences in the length of hospital stay，duration of fever，cough score，duration of hormone use，whether IVIG treatment was used，the number of bronchoscopy treatment cases，and the improvement rate of lung CT between the two groups（all P>0.05）.However，compared with the control group，the rate of cases developing into SMPP/RMPP in the experimental group was less（24.3% vs 48.6%， P=0.03），and the difference in IgG before and after treatment was small［0.53（-0.04，1.18）g/L vs 1.33（0.48，2.25）g/L， P=0.01］.Among the SMPP/RMPP cases（159 cases），the rate of cases of PB found under bronchoscopy in the experimental group was less than that in the control group（0 vs 20%， P=0.04），and the rate of cases with aggravated lung CT in the experimental group was less than that in the control group（1.3% vs 19.5%， P<0.01），and the improvement rate of lung CT in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group（88.8% vs 75.3%， P=0.03），with statistically significant differences.There were no statistically significant differences in the length of hospital stay，duration of fever，cough score，duration of hormone use，whether IVIG treatment was used，the number of bronchoscopy treatment cases，and immunoglobulin between the two groups（all P>0.05）.Two cases in the experimental group developed rashes，which improved after the drug was discontinued.There were no serious adverse reactions such as abnormal vital signs like dyspnea and cyanosis due to the use of lienal polypeptide injection.There were no obvious changes in blood routine，liver function，myocardial enzymes，renal function，electrocardiogram，and urine routine values before and after medication compared with the baseline. Conclusion:The combined use of lienal polypeptide injection in the treatment of MPP in children can reduce the probability of the transformation from mild cases to SMPP/RMPP，reduce the rate of aggravation of the image findings，promote the absorption of lung inflammation，reduce the rate of PB found under bronchoscopy，and has good safety.

Objective To investigate the functional brain characteristics of the frontal and bilateral tempo-ral regions during a verbal fluency task(VFT)in patients with stable schizophrenia using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS),and to evaluate its potential clinical application in assisting the diagnosis of schizophrenia.Methods A total of 45 stable schizophrenia patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.fNIRS was employed to assess brain activation patterns in the frontal and bilateral temporal lobes during the VFT.The integral values,centroid values,and slopes of the frontal and bilateral temporal lobes were measured.Differences in demographic characteristics,word count,and fNIRS-derived parameters between the two groups were analyzed.A logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis were conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the fNIRS measures in distinguishing schizophrenia patients from healthy controls.Results During VFT,the patient group demonstrated reduced word count and decreased integral values and slopes in the frontal lobe,as well as lower integral values in the bilateral temporal lobes,compared to the healthy control group(all P＜0.05).However,no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of frontal lobe centroid value,temporal lobe centroid value,or bilateral temporal lobe slope(all P＞0.05).The logistic regression model indicated that the temporal lobe integral value was significantly associated with the diagnosis of schizophrenia(OR=0.979,P=0.005).ROC curve analysis revealed that the frontal lobe integral value,frontal lobe slope,and temporal lobe integral value exhibited acceptable discriminatory power for disease classification,with area under the curve(AUC)values of 0.681,0.644,and 0.779,respectively(all P＜0.05).Conclusion In stable schizophrenia,the integral values of the frontal and temporal lobes,as well as the slope of the frontal lobe,decrease during the VFT,suggesting potential clinical utility in differentiating individuals with schizophrenia from healthy controls.

China has become the country with the highest global burden of heart failure(HF).Despite the widespread use of prognostic-improving medications today,the mortality rate of HF remains high,reaching 13.7％at one year-particularly among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF).HF interventional device therapy(structural intervention)targets the structural factors underlying HF,including atrial pressure,ventricular remodeling,and valvular intervention.It leverages the heart's intrinsic physiological properties and pathological progression mechanisms to deliver treatments through interventions without external active forces,achieving anatomical or functional repair.This field has emerged as a rapidly growing area and plays an increasingly critical role in HF management.This article provides a comprehensive review and summary of the latest advancements in HF and cardiomyopathy interventional therapy over the past year.It covers various novel technologies and products currently in the research phase,aiming to provide an in-depth analysis of the current status and future directions of HF interventional therapy,and further advance the development of this discipline.