ObjectiveThe controllability changes of structural brain network were explored based on the control and brain network theory in young smokers, this may reveal that the controllability indicators can serve as a powerful factor to predict the sleep status in young smokers. MethodsFifty young smokers and 51 healthy controls from Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology were enrolled. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to construct structural brain network based on fractional anisotropy (FA) weight matrix. According to the control and brain network theory, the average controllability and the modal controllability were calculated. Two-sample t-test was used to compare the differences between the groups and Pearson correlation analysis to examine the correlation between significant average controllability and modal controllability with Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) in young smokers. The nodes with the controllability score in the top 10% were selected as the super-controllers. Finally, we used BP neural network to predict the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in young smokers. ResultsThe average controllability of dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, supplementary motor area, lenticular nucleus putamen, and lenticular nucleus pallidum, and the modal controllability of orbital inferior frontal gyrus, supplementary motor area, gyrus rectus, and posterior cingulate gyrus in the young smokers’ group, were all significantly different from those of the healthy controls group (P<0.05). The average controllability of the right supplementary motor area (SMA.R) in the young smokers group was positively correlated with FTND (r=0.393 0, P=0.004 8), while modal controllability was negatively correlated with FTND (r=-0.330 1, P=0.019 2). ConclusionThe controllability of structural brain network in young smokers is abnormal. which may serve as an indicator to predict sleep condition. It may provide the imaging evidence for evaluating the cognitive function impairment in young smokers.

In recent years,the number of Chest Pain Centers in China has increased rapidly.As of December 2023,there were 5 725 registered units of Chest Pain Centers nationwide,2 660 of which had passed the acceptance,and a total of 14.67 million patients with acute chest pain were treated.The Chest Pain Centers treated more than 3.18 million patients with acute chest pain in 2023,including more than 690 000 patients with acute myocardial infarction,and achieved positive results:significantly increasing the proportion of reperfusion therapy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients,ensuring the treatment of myocardial infarction patients in a short time,shortening the length of patient hospitalization,and reducing the hospitalization costs and mortality of patients.Through the construction of chest pain center,the treatment process was significantly optimized and the prognosis of patients was improved.At present,the construction and quality control of Chest Pain Centers still need to be further promoted.In some areas,the construction proportion of Chest Pain Centers and the level of diagnosis and treatment of chest pain need to be improved,patient delay is still an important challenge for the treatment of acute chest pain in China.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of venetoclax combined with azacitidine chemotherapy in the treatment of previously untreated adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 48 untreated adult AML patients admitted to the Department of Hematology,Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University from January 2020 to December 2022.Among them,26 patients received venetoclax combined with azacitidine chemotherapy(observation group),and 22 patients received daunorubicin plus cytarabine chemotherapy(control group).The differences in complete response(CR)rate,objective response rate(ORR),progression-free survival(PFS),overall survival(OS)and adverse reactions(AR)were compared between the two groups.Results:There was no significant difference in age,sex ratio,absolute value of tri-lineage cell and proportion of bone marrow primordial cells between the two groups before treatment(all P＞0.05).The CR rate and the ORR rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,there were no significant difference in the adverse reactions such as myelosuppression,granulocytosis,secondary infection,mucosal damage,liver and kidney damage,cardiotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity between the two groups(P＞0.05).The median PFS and the median OS of the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The remission rate of venetoclax combined with azacitidine was higher than that of conventional chemotherapy in previously untreated adult acute myeloid leukemia.Venetoclax combined with azacitidine chemotherapy could reduce hematologic related side reactions and prolong the remission period and survival of AML patients.

Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy(CSR)is a condition caused by the degeneration of cervical intervertebral discs and facet joints,primarily manifesting as the pain,sensory abnormalities,and motor dysfunction in the cervical nerve innervation area of neck,shoulder,and upper limb.For the treatment of CSR,tendon-bone syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine often faces the issues of conceptual confusion and non-standard syndrome differentiation.Based on the traditional tendon-bone syndrome differentiation and by integrating modern anatomical insights,Professor LIN Ding-Kun,an esteemed scholar of Traditional Chinese Medicine,proposed a classification system for the cervical spine that includes the categories of tendons,joints,bones and marrow.This paper explored the thoughts of Professor LIN for the tendon-bone syndrome differentiation of CSR,summarized the targets of manual therapy,and proposed the four kinds of pathological changes such as tendon overstrain,joint dislocation,bone lesion,and marrow injury,as well as the four techniques of traditional Chinese medicine manipulations,i.e.relaxation of tendons,reduction of joints,protection of marrow,and treatment of bones.The aim is to improve the syndrome-differentiation and treatment for CSR with orthopedic and traumatologic manipulations,and to provide reference for clinical practice.

Objective:To investigate the postoperative prosthesis position and early clinical efficacy of 3D printing patient-specific instrumentation (PSI)-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).Methods:The clinical data of 15 patients (17 knees, PSI group) with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis who underwent PSI-assisted UKA in the Second Affiliated Hospital, the Air Force Medical University from May to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, matched with fifteen patients (17 knees, non-PSI group) with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis undergoing conventional UKA. The differences in the prosthesis placement positions in the postoperative X-ray films between the two groups were compared, including the coronal varus-valgus angles of the tibial and femoral prostheses, the sagittal posterior inclination angle of the tibial prosthesis, the flexion-extension angle of the femoral prosthesis, and the height of the reconstructed joint line. The indicators related to the lower limb alignment (including the femoral valgus angle, the lateral femoral angle, the hip-knee-ankle angle, and the femur-tibia angle) and the range of motion of the knee joint before and after the operation were compared. The Oxford knee score (OKS), American Knee Society (AKS) knee score and function score, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to evaluate the clinical effects of the two groups.Results:In the PSI group, the coronal varus-valgus angle of the tibial prosthesis was 1.6°±0.3° after the operation, and the sagittal posterior inclination angle was 5.7°±0.8°. The coronal varus-valgus angle of the femoral prosthesis was -0.5°±1.5°, and the sagittal flexion-extension angle was 4.0°±1.9°. In the non-PSI group, the corresponding angles were 2.3°±0.6°, 4.5°±1.0°, 1.4°±1.5°, and 7.3°±2.2° respectively with significant differences between the two groups ( P<0.05). The OKS of the PSI group before and after the operation were 26.5±1.8 and 38.6±4.1 points respectively. The AKS knee score were 56.9±8.6 and 89.2±7.2 points. The AKS function score were 70.1±4.2 and 77.5±9.4 points. The VAS were 4.5±3.7 and 2.3±0.3 points, and the range of motion of the knee joint were 115.2°±4.8° and 125.9°±4.6° with significant differences ( P<0.05). The OKS of the non-PSI group before and after the operation were 25.3±6.2 and 38.2±3.5 points respectively. The AKS knee score were 50.6±9.3 and 84.5±6.6 points. The AKS function score were 73.4±3.9 and 77.2±4.8 points. The VAS were 5.8±2.4 and 2.5±1.6 points, and the range of motion of the knee joint were 113.6°±6.7° and 122.3°±5.0° with significant differences ( P<0.05). There were inter-group differences in the AKS knee score and the range of motion of the knee joint after the operation between the two groups with significant differences ( P<0.05). Conclusion:PSI guides-assisted UKA can effectively correct the lower limb alignment of patients and improve knee joint function with good short-term efficacy. Compared with conventional UKA, PSI guides-assisted UKA is less time-consuming with higher precision in prosthesis installation position and fewer post-operative complications.

ObjectiveTo investigate whether the whole intestinal microbiota transplantation in Alzheimer's disease （AD） model mice has more significant effects on ileum intestinal microenvironment in normal mice under the guidance of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine that "interior-exterior relationship exists between the heart and small intestine". MethodsThe whole intestinal microbiota of fourteen 6-month-old specific pathogen free male APP/PS1 double-transgenic AD model mice was transplanted into the gut of six normal C57BL/6J mice of the same age and background treated with mixed antibiotics for 14 days. Then， after 14 days of normal rearing， the mice were sacrificed. Next， the pathological changes in the ileum and colon were observed， and the composition and diversity of the ileal and colonic microbiota was analyzed by sequencing. ResultsAfter the whole intestinal microbiota of AD mice was transplanted into normal mice， pathological analysis showed that only the ileum tissue had mucosal damage and crypt gland epithelial cell degeneration， necrosis， and shedding. Moreover， the microbiota analysis found that only the number of genera （P<0.01）， Chao1 index （P<0.01） and Simpson index of ileal microbiota in normal mice decreased （P<0.01）， and the composition of intestinal microbiota was quite similar to that of AD model mice. ConclusionUnder the effect of whole gut microbiota transplantation in AD mice， the diversity and composition of ileal microbiota change more than that of colonic microbiota in normal mice， and at the same time， it results in pathological damage to the ileal mucosa， indicating that the ileal microenvironment may be more closely related to the occurrence and development of AD， which is highly consistent with the traditional Chinese medicine theory of "interior-exterior relationship between heart and small intestine".

Humans ; Osteoma, Osteoid/surgery* ; Bone Neoplasms/surgery* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of children with allergic diseases suffering from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant strains. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 43 pediatric patients with allergic diseases infected by SARS-CoV-2 from April 25, 2022 to June 8, 2022 in Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were selected as the allergic disease group, while 114 cases without underlying diseases and 16 cases with other underlying diseases were selected as control groups diagnosed at the same period. Clinical data including clinical features, laboratory tests, duration of hospitalization, and the time to negative turn of novel coronavirus nucleic acid were collected and analysed. Kruskal-Wallis H test, chi-square test or Fisher exact test were used for comparison among three groups. Results: Among the 43 patients with allergic diseases, 28 were males and 15 were females, with an age of 4.4 (2.1, 8.2) years on admission, including 32 mild cases and 11 common cases. The allergic disease group included 20 cases (46.5%) of atopic dermatitis and eczema, followed by 14 cases (32.6%) of rhinitis, 8 cases (18.6%) of food allergies, 7 cases (16.3%) of asthma, 4 cases (9.3%) of allergic conjunctivitis and 2 cases (4.7%) of drug allergy. Among the 114 cases without underlying diseases, 57 were males and 57 were females, with an age of 2.8 (1.2, 5.6) years on admission, including 93 mild cases and 21 common cases. Among the 16 cases with other underlying diseases, 9 were males and 7 were females, with an age of 3.0 (2.6, 10.8) years on admission, including 13 cases mild and 3 cases common cases. Children with allergic diseases had higher frequency of sore throat and vomiting than those without underlying diseases (10 cases (23.3%) vs.9 cases (7.9%), 14 cases (32.6%) vs. 11 cases (9.6%), χ²=6.93, 12.24, both P<0.05). The lymphocyte count of patients with allergic disease was lower than those without underlying disease (1.1 (0.7,1.7)×10⁹ vs. 1.6 (1.1,2.7)×10⁹/L, H=-28.00,P=0.005). There were no significant differences in age, gender, typing of SARS-CoV-2, the duration of hospitalization, cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 and the time to negative turn of novel coronavirus nucleic acid among the three groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Children with allergic diseases may suffer from sore throat and vomiting more frequently when infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. The combination of allergic diseases hardly influenced the disease course of SARS-CoV-2 in children.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19 ; China/epidemiology* ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Pharyngitis

Aim To investigate the protective effects of different doses Gualou Xiebai Decoction (GXD) on type II cardiorenal syndrome (type II CRS) and explore its preliminary mechanisms. Methods The type II cardiorenal syndrome rat model was replicated by li-gating the left anterior descending coronary artery. After 10 weeks of intragastric administration, the cardiac function of the rats in each group was evaluated by echocardiography; serum were collected for biochemical testing; heart and kidney tissue samples were stained with HE and Masson to observe pathological changes. The hydroxyproline content in the heart and kidney was detected. The expression levels of endothelial/epitheli-al-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT/EMT) related proteins in heart and kidney tissues were detecterd by immunofluorescence double staining ^Western blot. Results The index of heart and kidney organs of the low and high doses of GXD group significantly decreased (P<0. 05, P <0. 01), the cardiac function indexes were significantly improved (P < 0. 05, P < 0. 01). Serum characteristic indexes showed that heart and kidney functions were significantly improved (P < 0. 01). In addition, the pathological changes of the heart and kidney were significantly ameliorated. The hydroxyproline content in heart and kidney correspondingly declined (P < 0. 01). The expression levels of CD31 and E-cadherin were significantly up-regulated (P < 0. 05, P <0. 01), and the expression levels of Vimentin, a-SMA and TGF-f3l were down-regulated in heart and kidney tissues (P < 0. 05, P < 0. 01). Conclusions Therefore, GXD can significantly improve the heart and kidney function of type II CRS rats caused by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, and delay the process of heart and kidney fibrosis. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of EndMT/ EMT.

COVID-19 has been prevalent for three years. The virulence of SARS-CoV-2 is weaken as it mutates continuously. However, elderly patients, especially those with underlying diseases, are still at high risk of developing severe infections. With the continuous study of the molecular structure and pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs for COVID-19 have been successively marketed, and these anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs can effectively reduce the severe rate and mortality of elderly patients. This article reviews the mechanism, clinical medication regimens, drug interactions and adverse reactions of five small molecule antiviral drugs currently approved for marketing in China, so as to provide advice for the clinical rational use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in the elderly.