The general models for intermediates quality analysis in the production process of Yaobitong capsule were established by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with chemometrics, realizing the rapid determination of notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rd and moisture. The spray-dried fine powder and total mixed granule were selected as research objects. The contents of five saponins were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and the moisture content was determined by drying method. The measured contents were used as reference values. Meanwhile, NIR spectra were collected. After removing abnormal samples by Monte Carlo cross validation (MCCV), Monte Carlo uninformative variables elimination (MC-UVE) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) were used to select feature variables respectively. Based on the feature variables, quantitative models were established by partial least squares regression (PLSR), extreme learning machine (ELM) and ant lion optimization least squares support vector machine (ALO-LSSVM). The results showed that CARS-ALO-LSSVM model had the optimum effect. The correlation coefficients of the six index components were greater than 0.93, and the relative standard errors were controlled within 6%. ALO-LSSVM was more suitable for a large number of samples with rich information, and the prediction effect and stability of the model were significantly improved. The general models with good predicting effect can be used for the rapid quality determination of Yaobitong capsule intermediates.

This study systematically reviewed the randomized controlled trial(RCT) of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment of post-stroke depression(PSD) and analyzed the clinical study characteristics and outcome indicators, aiming to optimize the design and establish the core outcome set in the future clinical trials of the TCM treatment of PSD. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMbase, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and SinoMed were searched for the relevant RCT published in recent 3 years. The basic characteristics, intervention measures, and outcome indicators of the included RCT were extracted, and the descriptive analysis was carried out. A total of 76 RCTs were eventually included, with the sample size concentrated in 80-100 cases. The most frequent TCM syndromes were liver depression and Qi stagnation(15 times, 31.91%) and phlegm combined with stasis(5 times, 10.63%). The frequency of intervention methods followed a descending trend of TCM decoction(35 times, 46.05%) and TCM decoction + acupuncture(4 times, 5.26%), Chinese patent medicine(3 times, 3.94%), and the intervention mainly lasted for 1 to 3 months(43 times, 60.56%). The adverse reactions of patients were mainly digestive system reaction(150 patients, 39.37%) and nervous system reaction(112 patients, 29.39%). Most of the included studies had unclear risk of bias, involving 84 outcome indicators, which belonged to 8 indicator domains. The RCTs of TCM treatment of PSD showed a variety of problems, such as non-standard TCM syndrome differentiation, inconsistent names of TCM syndrome scores and measurement tools, low quality, unclear risk of bias, neglect of endpoint indicators, unreasonable selection of substitute indicators, lack of differentiation between primary and secondary outcome indicators, non-standard reporting of safety indicators, insufficient attention to economic indicators, and lack of long-term prognosis evaluation. It is suggested that the future research should improve the quality of methodology and build a standardized core outcome set to promote the development of high-quality clinical research in this field.
Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Stroke/psychology* ; Depression/etiology* ; Treatment Outcome ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Chinese medicine injections in treating transient ischemic attack(TIA) based on network Meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trial(RCT) about Chinese medicine injections in treating TIA were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMbase, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and SinoMed with the time interval from inception to March 1, 2024. The methodological quality of the included articles was assessed by ROB 2.0, and the GRADE system was employed to evaluate the quality of evidence. The gemtc package of R 4.1.2 was used to perform the network Meta-analysis. Finally, 63 RCTs with a total sample size of 5 750 cases were included, involving 11 Chinese medicine injections(Shuxuetong Injection, Danhong Injection, Shuxuening Injection, Ginkgo Damo Injection, Shenxiong Glucose Injection, Ligustrazine Injection, Salviae Miltiorrhizae and Ligustrazine Hydrochloride Injection, Salvianolic Acids for Injection, Dengzhan Xixin Injection, Guhong Injection, and Xueshuantong Injection). All patients received conventional western medicine treatment, and the experimental group was additionally treated with Chinese medicine injection. Network Meta-analysis yielded the following results.(1) In terms of improving the clinical total response rate, 11 Chinese medicine injections combined with conventional western medicine outperformed conventional western medicine alone, and Dengzhan Xixin Injection + conventional western medicine had the best effect.(2) In terms of reducing plasma viscosity, 7 Chinese medicine injections combined with conventional western medicine outperformed conventional western medicine alone, and Shenxiong Glucose Injection + conventional western medicine had the best effect.(3) In terms of reducing whole blood high shear viscosity, 6 Chinese medicine injections combined with conventional western medicine outperformed conventional western medicine alone, and Guhong Injection + conventional western medicine had the best effect.(4) In terms of reducing whole blood low shear viscosity, 6 Chinese medicine injections combined with conventional western medicine outperformed conventional western medicine alone, and Shuxuening Injection + conventional western medicine had the best effect.(5) In terms of reducing fibrinogen, 9 Chinese medicine injections combined with conventional western medicine outperformed conventional western medicine alone, and Ginkgo Damo Injection + conventional western medicine had the best effect.(6) In terms of increasing the average blood flow velocity, 3 Chinese medicine injections combined with conventional western medicine outperformed conventional western medicine alone, and Shuxuening Injection + conventional western medicine had the best effect. In summary, compared with conventional western medicine alone, Chinese medicine injections combined with conventional western medicine were effective in improving the clinical total response rate and the average blood flow velocity, as well as reducing plasma viscosity, whole blood high shear viscosity, whole blood low shear viscosity, and fibrinogen. However, due to the limited quality and quantity of the included articles, the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality, multi-center, and large-sample RCT.
Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Injections ; Ischemic Attack, Transient/drug therapy* ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of CSF-1 and CSF-1R in the peripheral blood of children with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and its clinical significance. METHODS: Forty-four children with ITP treated in our hospital from February 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the observation group, and 40 healthy children were selected as the control group during the same period, and relevant clinical data were collected. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of children with ITP and healthy children were separated, and the plasma levels of M1 macrophage-associated cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), M2 macrophage-associated cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β), and CSF-1 were detected by ELISA in the children of both groups. The mRNA levels of M1 macrophage surface markers (CD86, iNOS), M2 macrophage surface markers (CD206, Arg-1) and CSF-1R were detected by RT-PCR in PBMC of children in both groups. Western blot was used to detect the expression of CSF-1R protein in PBMC of the two groups of children. The correlation between platelet count and CSF-1R mRNA expression in PBMC, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β and CSF-1 in plasma was analyzed. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the levels of IL-10, TGF-β, CSF-1 and platelet count in plasma of children with ITP were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased (P < 0.01); the mRNA levels of the M1 macrophage surface markers (CD86, iNOS) in PBMC of children with ITP were significantly increased (P < 0.05), mRNA levels of M2 macrophage surface marker CD206 in PBMC of children with ITP were decreased compared with controls but the difference was not statistically significant ( P >0.05), mRNA levels of Arg-1 were decreased, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of CSF-1R in PBMC of ITP children were higher than that in controls. CSF-1R expression in PBMC of ITP was positively correlated with platelet count, IL-10, CSF-1 were positively correlated (r =0.822,0.481,0.405). CONCLUSION CSF-1 is significantly reduced in the plasma of ITP, and CSF-1R mRNA and protein expression is significantly elevated in PBMC of ITP, which are involved in the regulation of macrophage M1/M2 imbalance, and could serve as a potential therapeutic target for ITP.
Humans ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/blood* ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism* ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism* ; Child ; Interleukin-10/blood* ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood* ; Interleukin-6/blood* ; Male ; Female ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/blood* ; Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism* ; Clinical Relevance

Early correction of childhood malocclusion is timely managing morphological, structural, and functional abnormalities at different dentomaxillofacial developmental stages. The selection of appropriate imaging examination and comprehensive radiological diagnosis and analysis play an important role in early correction of childhood malocclusion. This expert consensus is a collaborative effort by multidisciplinary experts in dentistry across the nation based on the current clinical evidence, aiming to provide general guidance on appropriate imaging examination selection, comprehensive and accurate imaging assessment for early orthodontic treatment patients.
Humans ; Malocclusion/diagnostic imaging* ; Child ; Consensus

Aim To investigate the mechanism by which formononetin (FN) inhibits mitochondrial dynamic-related protein 1 (DRP1) -NLRP3 axis via intervening the generation of ROS to reduce allergic airway inflammation. Methods In order to establish allergic asthma mouse model, 50 BALB/c mice aged 8 weeks were divided into the control group, model group, FN treatment group and dexamethasone group after ovalbumin (OVA) induction. Airway inflammation and collagen deposition were detected by HampE and Masson staining. Th2 cytokines and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and IgE levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by ELISA, ROS in BEAS-2B cells was assessed by DCFH-DA staining, DRP1 expression in lung tissue and BEAS-2B cells was detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, and the DRP1-NLRP3 pathway was analyzed by immunoblotting. Results FN treatment could effectively ameliorate the symptoms of asthmatic mouse model, including reducing eosinophil accumulation, airway collagen deposition, decreasing Th2 cytokine and IgE levels, reducing ROS and MDA production, increasing SOD and CAT activities, and regulating DRP1-NLRP3 pathway-related protein expression, thereby relieving inflammation. Conclusion FN ameliorates airway inflammation in asthma by regulating DRP1-NLRP3 pathway.

Objective To investigate whether Liuwei Dihuang Pills enhances the antigen cross-presenting ability of dendritic cell(DC)by increasing gap junctional intercellular communication(GJIC),and to explore the mechanisms involved.Methods Western Blot and immunofluorescence were used to observe the effects of Liuwei Dihuang Pills-containing serum on the expression and membrane localisation of gap junction protein connexin43(Cx43)in mouse melanoma cells(B16);Calcein-AM/DiI fluorescence tracer assay was used to observe the effects of Liuwei Dihuang Pills-containing serum on the function of GJIC in B16 cells;flow cytometry was used to observe the role of GJIC in the enhancement of DC antigen presenting ability by Liuwei Dihuang Pills-containing serum;and propidium iodide(PI)/Hoechst staining assay was used to observe the immunocidal effect of CD8+ T-lymphocytes.Results Western Blot and immunofluorescence experiments showed that Liuwei Dihuang Pills-containing serum led to the up-regulation of Cx43 expression;fluorescence tracer experiments proved that the GJIC function of B16 cells was significantly enhanced by Liuwei Dihuang Pills-containing serum;flow cytometry analyses showed that the DC antigen-presenting ability was enhanced by Liuwei Dihuang Pills-containing serum;and the results of PI/Hoechst staining showed that the immuno-killing effect of CD8+T-cells was more significant after the intervention of Liuwei Dihuang Pills-containing serum in B16-OVA.Conclusion Liuwei Dihuang Pills improve the GJIC function by up-regulating the Cx43 expression of melanoma cells,and then enhance the cross-presenting ability of DCs thus activating stronger CD8+ T-cell immunocidal responses.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with lower cervical fracture is often categorized into unstable fracture, with a high incidence of neurological injury and a high rate of disability and morbidity. As factors such as shoulder occlusion may affect the accuracy of X-ray imaging diagnosis, it is often easily misdiagnosed at the primary diagnosis. Non-operative treatment has complications such as bone nonunion and the possibility of secondary neurological damage, while the timing, access and choice of surgical treatment are still controversial. Currently, there are no clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture with or without dislocation. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate Clinical guidelines for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis combined with lower cervical fracture in adults ( version 2024) in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine, scientificity and practicality, in which 11 recommendations were put forward in terms of the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, typing and treatment, etc, to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture.

Sodium ; Wastewater ; Potassium ; Diet ; Blood Pressure ; China ; Sodium, Dietary ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary