This study investigated the potential pathogenicity and genetic characteristics of ST314 Salmonella Kentucky(S.Ken-tucky)isolates from a broiler slaughterhouse.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing(WGS)were used to determine antimicrobial resistance,virulence factors,and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes(ARGs)and mobile genetic elements(MGEs)among the isolates.The three multidrug resistant(MDR)isolates exhibited high resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents.The F4-2S strain exhibited resistance to 14 drugs across seven categories,whereas the F4T strain showed resistance to 13 drugs in the same number of categories.In contrast,the Y23 strain was resistant to nine drugs in six categories.Notably,F4-2S dem-onstrated high homology with F4T:both possessed 13 ARGs distributed across nine categories,in addition to a wide range of virulence factors,including secretion systems and effector proteins.The presence of IncR and IncX1 plasmids significantly enhanced both the antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity of the isolates.The genome map of Y23 revealed a chromosome alongside two plasmids.The chromosome containedonly one resistance gene but several virulence factors,including the type III secretion system(T3SS),which is crucial for bacterial invasion.The plasmid pY23-1 contained eight types of 19 ARGs.Comparative analysis indicated that pY23-1 ex-hibited high homology with pZ1323SSL0055 and pSAL-045,all of which contained multiple ARGs,thus suggesting critical roles of these genes in the evolution of bacterial resistance.In conclusion,ST314 S.Kentucky demonstrated a complex mechanism of resis-tance coupled with significant pathogenic potential.The ARGs and MGEs in the plasmid contributed to the emergence and dissemina-tion of antimicrobial resistance.The multiple virulence factors present in the chromosome may be key factors driving the increasing virulence of ST314 S.Kentucky.

Objective To design an intelligent monitoring platform for adverse drug reactions(ADRs)to solve the problems of the traditional ADR monitoring mode.Methods The ADR intelligent monitoring platform was designed based on artificial intelligence and big data technologies,which was developed with Browser/Server(B/S)architecture,C#programming language and.NET development tool.There were five functional modules involved in the platform for ADR knowledge base,monitoring rule setting,intelligent monitoring,report management and statistical analysis.Results The platform realized the full-process management of ADR intelligent monitoring,reporting,review and statistical analysis,which enhanced the ADR report in quantity,quality and timeliness.Conclusion The platform contributes to improving the monitoring of ADR and patient medication safety.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(9):33-38]

Objective To design an intelligent monitoring platform for adverse drug reactions(ADRs)to solve the problems of the traditional ADR monitoring mode.Methods The ADR intelligent monitoring platform was designed based on artificial intelligence and big data technologies,which was developed with Browser/Server(B/S)architecture,C#programming language and.NET development tool.There were five functional modules involved in the platform for ADR knowledge base,monitoring rule setting,intelligent monitoring,report management and statistical analysis.Results The platform realized the full-process management of ADR intelligent monitoring,reporting,review and statistical analysis,which enhanced the ADR report in quantity,quality and timeliness.Conclusion The platform contributes to improving the monitoring of ADR and patient medication safety.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(9):33-38]

This study investigated the potential pathogenicity and genetic characteristics of ST314 Salmonella Kentucky(S.Ken-tucky)isolates from a broiler slaughterhouse.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing(WGS)were used to determine antimicrobial resistance,virulence factors,and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes(ARGs)and mobile genetic elements(MGEs)among the isolates.The three multidrug resistant(MDR)isolates exhibited high resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents.The F4-2S strain exhibited resistance to 14 drugs across seven categories,whereas the F4T strain showed resistance to 13 drugs in the same number of categories.In contrast,the Y23 strain was resistant to nine drugs in six categories.Notably,F4-2S dem-onstrated high homology with F4T:both possessed 13 ARGs distributed across nine categories,in addition to a wide range of virulence factors,including secretion systems and effector proteins.The presence of IncR and IncX1 plasmids significantly enhanced both the antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity of the isolates.The genome map of Y23 revealed a chromosome alongside two plasmids.The chromosome containedonly one resistance gene but several virulence factors,including the type III secretion system(T3SS),which is crucial for bacterial invasion.The plasmid pY23-1 contained eight types of 19 ARGs.Comparative analysis indicated that pY23-1 ex-hibited high homology with pZ1323SSL0055 and pSAL-045,all of which contained multiple ARGs,thus suggesting critical roles of these genes in the evolution of bacterial resistance.In conclusion,ST314 S.Kentucky demonstrated a complex mechanism of resis-tance coupled with significant pathogenic potential.The ARGs and MGEs in the plasmid contributed to the emergence and dissemina-tion of antimicrobial resistance.The multiple virulence factors present in the chromosome may be key factors driving the increasing virulence of ST314 S.Kentucky.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Danmu Extract Syrup (DMS) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice and explore the mechanism. METHODS: Seventy-two male Balb/C mice were randomly divided into 6 groups according to a random number table (n=12), including control (normal saline), LPS (5 mg/kg), LPS+DMS 2.5 mL/kg, LPS+DMS 5 mL/kg, LPS+DMS 10 mL/kg, and LPS+Dexamethasone (DXM, 5 mg/kg) groups. After pretreatment with DMS and DXM, the ALI mice model was induced by LPS, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected to determine protein concentration, cell counts and inflammatory cytokines. The lung tissues of mice were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and the wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) of lung tissue was calculated. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 β in BALF of mice were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of Claudin-5, vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phospho-protein kinase B (p-Akt) and Akt were detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: DMS pre-treatment significantly ameliorated lung histopathological changes. Compared with the LPS group, the W/D ratio and protein contents in BALF were obviously reduced after DMS pretreatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The number of cells in BALF and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity decreased significantly after DMS pretreatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01). DMS pre-treatment decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 β (P<0.01). Meanwhile, DMS activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway and reversed the expressions of Claudin-5, VE-cadherin and VEGF (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS DMS attenuated LPS-induced ALI in mice through repairing endothelial barrier. It might be a potential therapeutic drug for LPS-induced lung injury.
Mice ; Male ; Animals ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Claudin-5/metabolism* ; Acute Lung Injury/chemically induced* ; Lung/pathology* ; Interleukin-6/metabolism* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal

AIM To identify the endophytic fungus G-(JK)-2 from Orixa japonica Thunb.and to study its secondary metabolites and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.METHODS Through the ITS sequence,the evolutionary tree that identifies the endophytic fungus G-(JK)-2 was established.Then 45 days rice solid medium of endophytic fungus G-(JK)-2 was extracted by methanol,and then by ethyl acetate.The ethyl acetate extract was separated and purified by silica gel chromatography,Sephadex LH-20,and semi-preparative HPLC.The structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.Their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were evaluated by PNPG method.RESULTS The endophytic fungus G-(JK)-2 from O.japonica was identified as Fusarium nematophilum.Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified as p-hydroxybenzaldehyde(G1),4-hydroxyacetophenone(G2),anhydromevalonolactone(G3),flazine(G4),salicylic acid(G5),p-hydroxybenzoic acid(G6),di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate(G7),terephthalic acid bis(2-ethyl-hexyl)ester(G8),thymine(G9),uridine(G10),adenosine(G11),2′-deoxyuridine(G12),nicotinic acid(G13).The inhibitory effect of each compound on α-glucosidase was in sequence of G4>G11>G10>G13>G12.CONCLUSION All compounds are first isolated from the endophytic fungi of the O.japonica,and G10,G11,G13 are first isolated from the endophytic fungi of Fusarium.G4 and G11 have mild inhibition to α-glucosidase.

Objective:To investigate the influence of circ_BACH2 on the malignant biological behavior of papillary thyroid cancer and its molecular mechanism.Methods:Cancer tissues and paracancer tissues of 51 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma from the Fourth Central Hospital of Tianjin between 2017 and 2019 were collected. Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expressions of circ_BACH2, miR-370-3p and G protein coupled receptor kinase interacting factor 1 (GIT1) mRNA in tissues and cells; flow cytometry to detect cell apoptosis and cell cycle; plate clone formation experiment to detect the number of cell clones; cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) to detect cell proliferation; Transwell array to detect cell migration and invasion; western blot to detect protein expressions; dual luciferase report experiment to detect the targeting relationship between circ_BACH2, miR-370-3p and GIT1; the nude mouse tumor formation experiment to detect the effect of circ_BACH2 on tumors in mice.Results:Compared with adjacent tissues, the expressions of circ_BACH2 and GIT1 in papillary thyroid cancer tissues was increased, while the expression of miR-370-3p was decreased. Compared with Nthy-ori3-1 cells, the expressions of circ_BACH2 in papillary thyroid cancer cells TPC-1 and SW579 were increased, the mRNA and protein levels of GIT1 were increased, miR-370-3p expression was decreased. The expression level of GIT1 mRNA was negatively correlated with that of miR-370-3p ( r=-0.634), and the expression level of circ_BACH2 was positively correlated with that of GIT1 ( r=0.635). The expression level of circ_BACH2 was negatively correlated with that of miR-370-3p ( r=-0.394, P＜0.05). Circ_BACH2 and miR-370-3p has a binding site at the 3' UTR of GIT1. After knocking down circ_BACH2, the proportion of G 0/G 1 cells in papillary thyroid cancer cells TPC-1 and SW579 was increased, the proportion of S-phase cells was decreased and the proportion of G 2/M-phase cells did not change significantly. The cell absorbance value was lower than that in si-NC group. The number of cell clone formation was decreased (43±5 vs 100±6, 54±8 vs 100±9); the cell apoptosis rate was increased [(19.60±2.40)% vs (4.30±0.20)%, (18.10±2.10)% vs (5.10±0.23)%]; cell migration number was decreased (61±7 vs 134±15, 58±6 vs 112±11), the invasion number was also decreased (45±6 vs 113±11, 47±4 vs 92±9); the expressions of Snail and Twist1 were decreased, and the expression of E-cadherin was increased ( P＜0.000). Inhibition of miR-370-3p expression reversed the effect of circ_BACH2 knockdown on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of thyroid papillary cancer cells. Overexpression of GIT1 reversed the effects of overexpression of miR-370-3p on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of thyroid papillary cancer cells. Mice injected with TPC-1 cells stably transfected with sh-circ_BACH2 showed a reduction in tumor volume [(535±91) mm 3 vs (857±114) mm 3] after 35 days of culture; tumor weight was decreased [(0.62±0.13) mg vs (1.06±0.15) mg, P＜0.05]; the expressions of circ_BACH2 and GIT1 were decreased, and the expression of miR-370-3p was increased in nude mouse tumor tissue. Conclusion:Silencing circ_BACH2 may inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of papillary thyroid cancer cells in vitro, promote cell apoptosis, and inhibit tumor growth in vivo through targeted regulation of miR-370-3p/GIT1.

Objective To study the bioequivalence of test and reference olmesartan tablet in Chinese healthy subjects after single dose under fasting and fed conditions.Methods A single-center,random,open,single-dose,two-preparations,double-period,crossover study was adopted.A total of 48 healthy adult male and female subjects(24 cases of fasting test and 24 cases of fed test)were included in the random crossover administration.Single oral dose 20 mg of test and reference were taken under fasting and postprandial conditions,respectively.Plasma concentration of olmesartan in plasma were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by Phoenix WinNonlin 8.0 software.Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the test and reference preparations of olmesartan tablets in the fasting group were as follows:Cmax were(653.06±133.53)and(617.37±151.16)ng·mL-1,AUC0-t were(4 201.18±1 035.21)and(4 087.38±889.99)ng·mL-1·h,AUC0-∞ were(4 254.30±1 058.90)and(4 135.69±905.29)ng·mL-1·h.The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the test and reference preparations of olmesartan tablets in the postprandial group were as follows:Cmax were(574.78±177.05)and(579.98±107.74)ng·mL-1,AUC0-t were(3 288.37±866.06)and(3 181.51±801.06)ng·mL-1·h,AUC0-∞ were(3 326.11±874.26)and(3 242.01±823.09)ng·mL-1·h.Under fasting and postprandial conditions,the 90％confidence intervals of the main pharmacokinetic parameters of the test and reference preparations are both 80.00％-125.00％.Conclusion Under fasting and postprandial conditions,a single oral dose of test and reference preparations olmesartan tablets in Chinese healthy adult volunteers showed bioequivalence.

Objective:To investigate the influence of circ_BACH2 on the malignant biological behavior of papillary thyroid cancer and its molecular mechanism.Methods:Cancer tissues and paracancer tissues of 51 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma from the Fourth Central Hospital of Tianjin between 2017 and 2019 were collected. Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expressions of circ_BACH2, miR-370-3p and G protein coupled receptor kinase interacting factor 1 (GIT1) mRNA in tissues and cells; flow cytometry to detect cell apoptosis and cell cycle; plate clone formation experiment to detect the number of cell clones; cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) to detect cell proliferation; Transwell array to detect cell migration and invasion; western blot to detect protein expressions; dual luciferase report experiment to detect the targeting relationship between circ_BACH2, miR-370-3p and GIT1; the nude mouse tumor formation experiment to detect the effect of circ_BACH2 on tumors in mice.Results:Compared with adjacent tissues, the expressions of circ_BACH2 and GIT1 in papillary thyroid cancer tissues was increased, while the expression of miR-370-3p was decreased. Compared with Nthy-ori3-1 cells, the expressions of circ_BACH2 in papillary thyroid cancer cells TPC-1 and SW579 were increased, the mRNA and protein levels of GIT1 were increased, miR-370-3p expression was decreased. The expression level of GIT1 mRNA was negatively correlated with that of miR-370-3p ( r=-0.634), and the expression level of circ_BACH2 was positively correlated with that of GIT1 ( r=0.635). The expression level of circ_BACH2 was negatively correlated with that of miR-370-3p ( r=-0.394, P＜0.05). Circ_BACH2 and miR-370-3p has a binding site at the 3' UTR of GIT1. After knocking down circ_BACH2, the proportion of G 0/G 1 cells in papillary thyroid cancer cells TPC-1 and SW579 was increased, the proportion of S-phase cells was decreased and the proportion of G 2/M-phase cells did not change significantly. The cell absorbance value was lower than that in si-NC group. The number of cell clone formation was decreased (43±5 vs 100±6, 54±8 vs 100±9); the cell apoptosis rate was increased [(19.60±2.40)% vs (4.30±0.20)%, (18.10±2.10)% vs (5.10±0.23)%]; cell migration number was decreased (61±7 vs 134±15, 58±6 vs 112±11), the invasion number was also decreased (45±6 vs 113±11, 47±4 vs 92±9); the expressions of Snail and Twist1 were decreased, and the expression of E-cadherin was increased ( P＜0.000). Inhibition of miR-370-3p expression reversed the effect of circ_BACH2 knockdown on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of thyroid papillary cancer cells. Overexpression of GIT1 reversed the effects of overexpression of miR-370-3p on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of thyroid papillary cancer cells. Mice injected with TPC-1 cells stably transfected with sh-circ_BACH2 showed a reduction in tumor volume [(535±91) mm 3 vs (857±114) mm 3] after 35 days of culture; tumor weight was decreased [(0.62±0.13) mg vs (1.06±0.15) mg, P＜0.05]; the expressions of circ_BACH2 and GIT1 were decreased, and the expression of miR-370-3p was increased in nude mouse tumor tissue. Conclusion:Silencing circ_BACH2 may inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of papillary thyroid cancer cells in vitro, promote cell apoptosis, and inhibit tumor growth in vivo through targeted regulation of miR-370-3p/GIT1.

Triterpenoids widely exist in nature,displaying a variety of pharmacological activities.Determining triterpenoids in different matrices,especially in biological samples holds great significance.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)has become the predominant method for triterpenoids analysis due to its exceptional analytical performance.However,due to the structural similarities among botanical samples,achieving effective separation of each triterpenoid proves challenging,necessitating significant improvements in analytical methods.Additionally,triterpenoids are characterized by a lack of ultraviolet(UV)absorption groups and chromophores,along with low ionization efficiency in mass spectrometry.Consequently,routine HPLC analysis suffers from poor sensitivity.Chemical derivatization emerges as an indispensable technique in HPLC analysis to enhance its performance.Considering the structural characteristics of triterpenoids,various derivatization reagents such as acid chlorides,rho-damines,isocyanates,sulfonic esters,and amines have been employed for the derivatization analysis of triterpenoids.This review comprehensively summarized the research progress made in derivatization strategies for HPLC detection of triterpenoids.Moreover,the limitations and challenges encountered in previous studies are discussed,and future research directions are proposed to develop more effective derivatization methods.